US3680886A - Safety cushion air system - Google Patents

Safety cushion air system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3680886A
US3680886A US885601A US3680886DA US3680886A US 3680886 A US3680886 A US 3680886A US 885601 A US885601 A US 885601A US 3680886D A US3680886D A US 3680886DA US 3680886 A US3680886 A US 3680886A
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United States
Prior art keywords
container
gas
bag
envelope
membrane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US885601A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernard Mazelsky
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ARA Inc
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ARA Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/268—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous release of stored pressurised gas

Definitions

  • the device is an inflatable safety air cushion for use as I a safety device to protect passengers in vehicles.
  • a gas [52] US. Cl ..280/150 AB, 220/89 A, 220/3 Such as nitrogen or helium is maintained at moderate pressure i an l g t d t b i t f d t [58] Fleld of AB; 9 a similarly elongated inflatable bag through an elon- 220/3 206/47 222/3 85 gated nozzle type diffuser between the container and 9 bag.
  • the diffuser has a throat portion in which is posi- [56] References cued tioned explosive opening or valve means in the form UNITED STATES PATENTS of a relatively thin membrane for opening the passageway to rapidly transfer the gas to the bag for 3,514,124 5/1970 Rlchardson ..280/ 150 inflating it without damaging the bag
  • the device 3,429,583 2/1969 Martin et al. ..280/150 practically and effectively makes possible i fl i of 2,799,435 7/1957 Abplanalp ..220/72 X the bag in a sufficiently limited number of 3,352,459 1 l/l967 SUSttlCl'l 61 al.
  • the invention is an inflatable safety air cushion in the form of aninflatable envelope adapted for use in vehicles to protect passengers in the event of accidents involving high rates of deceleration.
  • Various developments and systems have been evolved in the prior art to realize a device or system of this type.
  • a device of this type Of paramount significance in a device of this type is, of course, the amount of time the device requires to effectively inflate the air cushion since, of course, inflation is to be initiated automatically after the vehicle is already into the accident or situation requiring use of the safety device.
  • the inflation process is initiated in response to deceleration forces and a significant amount of .time is required for the sensor to respond. Time is then required to actuate a device capable of releasing a gas under pressure from acontainer and further time is, of course, required for the transfer of the gas under pressure to the envelope to inflate it sufficiently to perform its purpose.
  • any improvements capable of reducing the time in milliseconds required for effectively inflating thesafety cushion are extremely significant and contribute greatly to the practical effectiveness of the device and system.
  • the herein improvements make it possible to realize a reduction in total time to less than ten milliseconds.
  • the gas used is preferably nitrogen or helium for reasons which will be made clear hereinafter.
  • the pressurized gas is contained in an elongated container, the air cushion envelopes itself being elongated with the gas being transferred from the container to the envelope by way of a nozzle type diffuser having a. throat which can be opened by way of explosive means for making possible the transfer of gas in a minimum of time.
  • the opening means may be referred to as an explosive valve, the throat in the diffuser nozzle being similarly elongated and the explosive valve being in the throat.
  • typical design parameters will be referred to and the detail nature of the device will be made clear.
  • the primary object of the invention is to improve safetyinflatable air cushion devices or systems by reducing the total time required for effective inflation of the envelope, reducing the noise level, and by reducing the costs for manufacture by utilizing lower storage pressures.
  • a further object is to realize the purpose of the preceding object by way of a particular combination and interrelationship of parts and employment of preferred inflating gases. More particularly it is an object of the invention to realize the desired end by way of the combination of an elongated gas container, a diffuser nozzle having a diverging outlet between the container and the inflatable envelope or bag, with explosive means positioned in a throat in the diffuser'nozzle for opening the nozzle and allowing rapid transfer of gas to the bag without damage to the bag.
  • the tank is cylindrical with hemispherical ends.
  • the gas release means or valve is a membrane of semi-cylindrical cross sectional configuration which is ruptured longitudinally by a linearly shaped charge.
  • a further object is to provide explosive means com prised essentially of a valve positioned in the throat of the diffuser nozzle and capable of being opened by being ruptured by an explosive charge, the valve being in the form of a membrane having a cross-sectional configuration for optimum strength and weight characteristic.
  • FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of the dashboard of the vehicle showing the installed position of the safety inflatable air cushion device;
  • FIG. 2 is a further pictorial view illustrating particularly the position of the decelerationresponsive sensor
  • FIG. 3 is a further pictorial view illustrating the inflated position of the envelope
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred form of the device of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is asectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4 illustrating the explosive opening means in greater detail;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the valve or-rupturable membrane or unit
  • FIG. 7 is a partly broken away perspective view of the preferred form of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of the valve
  • FIG. 9 is a partial view illustrating the valve or mem-v brane after explosive opening
  • FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a modified form of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of a modified form of tank reinforcement.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a typical installation, numeral 10 illustrating an automobile dashboard having a panel trim pad with the safety device or system as indicated at 12 installed behind it.
  • the device Upon being activated the device breaks through the trim pad and inflates into a position as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the gas container 14 of the device is cylindrical, the bag 16 normally being folded or collapsed as shown with the diffuser nozzle 18 between the container and the folded bag.
  • the arrangement as shown is preferable to arrangements wherein the gas container is within the bag itself.
  • the system is controlled by a deceleration responsive sensor that may be mounted in a position ahead of the fire wall as shown whereby to respond rapidly to deceleration forces when the vehicle enters an impact situation.
  • Sensor 20 may be of conventional or typical type energizable by way of a battery 22.
  • FIG. 3 shows the bag 16 inflated in a position in front of the passenger.
  • the bag may, of course, have a transverse dirnension sufficient to provide safety for one or more passengers in the front seat.
  • FIG. 4 shows a preferred arrangement of the parts, the diffuser nozzle 18 having a throat part 26, the diffuser diverging as shown from the throat to the bag 16.
  • the tank or container 14 is elongated as is the diffuser nozzle 18 extending at least partway along the length of the bag 16.
  • the gas container and diffuser nozzle can, of course, be made to be co-extensive in length with the bag.
  • Tank 14 is cylindrical having welded hemispherical ends as shown at for maximum strength.
  • FIG. '5 is a sectional view showing a preferred form of the explosive opening means which takes the formof an arcuate segment 31 having the same radius and wall thickness as tank 14. It is welded to a side opening-in the tank as shown at 33. The intermediate part of segment 31 is open as shown at 34. Extending across the opening is a relatively thin, integral, semi-cylindrical membrane35 which can be ruptured longitudinally'by linearly shapedcharge 36 which is a commercially available type of charge of V-shaped cross section. The charge may be attached simply by way of adhesive or adhesive tape.
  • the unit 31 may be made by casting or machining. It is preferably, but not necessarily of integral material.
  • the membrane 35 extended into throat 26, segment 31 fitting against the end of the throat and being welded to it as shown.
  • the tank 14 is reinforced by several transverse braces or gussets 37 interiorly' welded to the tank adjacent segment 31 as shown.
  • membrane 35 Across the interior of unit 30 are webs as shown at 38. Adjacent the webs 38 and the ends of unit 30, the material of the membrane is thinner as shown at 40. To facilitate opening of the valve, membrane 35 has score lines as shown at 41 and axially between webs 38.
  • the combination and arrangement of parts adapts itself ideally to the use of commercially available explosive devices.
  • the detonator for the shaped charge is designated at 42 and it may be a standard commercially squib.
  • the elongated explosive member 36 is of the type sold commercially under the name Linear Shaped Charge.
  • Numeral 43 designates a means preferably in the form of a bar of light plastic material such as Styrofoam positioned in throat 26 to prevent explosive fragments from blowing into bag 16. Upon opening of the valve it is moved away and does not obstruct passage of gas into the bag.
  • the bag is preferably secured to the nozzle diffuser 18 as shown in FIG. 4. Its edge parts as shown at 44 and 45 are doubled back over a holding member 46 which is secured to the diffuser by screws 47.
  • the invention as described herein is calculated to realize improvement of 200 to 300 percent in systems of this type. The following will make more clear the specific characteristics of the device and its operation and performance.
  • the gas used may be air, nitrogen or helium.
  • the rapidity of transfer of gas is limited by the speed of sound in the gas this being 1,126 feet per second for air, 1,135v feet per second for nitrogen; and
  • the bag may be made of various fabric materials, the gas container 14 being generally cylindrical as shown. In a typical embodiment of the invention the gas container 14 is charged with nitrogen at a pressure which may be as low as 450 pounds per square inch.
  • the sensor 20 may be set to respond at a deceleration force of approximately 5 to 10 gs, the sensor then closing the circuit and exploding the explosive charge.
  • the bag must be inflated before the passenger feels the accident, that is, before he leans forward.
  • the time duration allowable forv the entire process to be effective can be considered limited to approximately 30 milliseconds which is approximately half of that presently being realized in the known types of devices.
  • This time duration includes time for the sensor to act, the explosion of the opening means and the transfer of gas to the bag for inflating it. Ten milliseconds is considered to be the upper limit of time for inflating the bag.
  • the explosive charge 36 detonates, rupturing diaphragm 35 as shown in FIG. 9 whereby transfer of gas through the diffuser nozzle to the bag begins.
  • a shock wave propagates into the bag causing the pressure in the bag to build up and it starts to inflate while at the same time an expansion wave propagates into the pressure tank tending to reduce its pressure.
  • the time to inflate the bag includes the time for the shock wave to reach the bag and the time for the required amount of gas to transfer to build up the desired pressure.
  • the diffuser nozzle is made short and is arranged to provide for a maximum rate of discharge therethrough.
  • the divergence of the nozzle prevents the shock wave from damaging the bag without the necessity of a retarder or obstructing device positioned beyond the explosive means.
  • the bag be inflated to a pressure of approximately 17 pounds per square inch absolute within the allowable time.
  • the time required for inflation to the desired pressure can be calculated mathematically.
  • the inflation pressure of approximately 17 pounds per square inch absolute is reached before transfer of gas, that is, flow has completely subsided.
  • the total elapsed time for effecting satisfactory inflation of the bag can be reduced to a fraction of the minimum required time for the device to be useful, particularly when helium is the inflating gas.
  • This is achieved in a relatively simplified device using standard commercially available explosive material. It is not necessary that the gas container be installed within the bag itself and the combination of parts avoids there being a strong jet of gas impinging on the bag which would possibly damage it.
  • the bag inflates to a configuration as pictorially indicated in FIG. 3 wherein the passenger is protected since inflation incurs before the passenger begins to lean forward.
  • FIG. 10 shows a modified form of the invention utilizing a square tank 14. It has a side opening 50.
  • the unit 30 has a flat part 51 welded to the side of tank 14 over opening 50 as shown at 52.
  • the membrane 35 is like that of the previous embodiment.
  • Unit 30' is welded to the end of throat 26 as shown at 53.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows a modified way of providing tank reinforcement accommodating it to fabrication by various methods and techniques.
  • one or more ribs such as shown at 60 are provided on the outside of tank 14 at the positions of the ribs 38.
  • these ribs are of varying radial dimension.
  • the tank such as 14' had a wall thickness of approximately one-fourth inch, comprising low carbon steel; it had an internal wall to wall dimension of 5.5 inch.
  • the tank had a length of approximately inches.
  • the tank was pressured to-450 pounds per square inch.
  • the membrane 35 was also formed of low carbon steel having a thickness of 0.030 inch, and having a radius of one-half inch.
  • the linear shaped charge as previously described was used. It was linear shaped charge No. 10 available commercially from Ensign-Bickford Company.
  • the reinforcing webs 38 were one-fourth inch .thick and the distances between the intermediate webs was 4% inch while the distances between webs adjacent to the ends of the tank and the ends of the tank were 3% inch.
  • the walls at the ends of the tank were one-half inch thick.
  • the transverse dimension of the opening or openings 34 in the unit 31 was 1 inch.
  • the transverse dimension of the throat 26 was 1 inch.
  • the throat 26 was approximately 1 inch in length.
  • the density of the foam 43 was approximately 2 lbs. per cubic foot.
  • the Styrofoam member 43 was three-fourths inch in thickness.
  • the nozzle was 5.8 inch in length from the throat to its extremity, its diverging wall diverging at an angle of The transverse dimension at the mouth of the diffuser nozzle was 6.4 inch.
  • the bag was Neoprene coated Nylon having a weight or gauge of 5 ounces per square yard.
  • the bag was secured as previously described by 10 screws 47 spaced along the perimeter of the diffuser nozzle.
  • the bag had a volume of 10 cubic feet.
  • the bars 46 were made of aluminum about a one-fourth inch thick, about 1 inch wide and 18 inch long on the sides of the diffuser and about 5 inches long on the ends of the diffuser extending substantially continuously around the diffuser nozzle.
  • the bag was folded as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • a safety device for human protection comprising an envelope inflatable with a gas whereby to form a resilient cushion, an elongated container for gas under pressure, means whereby to provide elongated passageway means along the length of the container for transferring gas from the container to the envelope for inflating it, said first means comprising an explosive actuator positioned to open said passageway means, and an elongated gas transfer nozzle extending from the container to t e envtglope, said ozzle being formed to provide a sing e uno structed c annel for gas transfer from the container to the envelope, said nozzle having upper and lower portions closely adjacent said passageway means.
  • a device asin claim 1 including means normally positioned transversely of the direction of flow of gas that transfers to the inflatable envelope, said explosive charge being positioned to move said transversely positioned means out of said channel to prevent explosive fragments from entering the envelope without obstructing the channel.
  • said first means comprises relatively thin membrane means which is arcuate in cross section extending lengthwise of the container, the explosive actuator being adjacent said membrane.
  • a device as in'claim 4 wherein the said membrane is of semi-circular shape.
  • a device as in claim 1 wherein said nozzle comprises a diffuser capable of avoiding damage to the inflatable envelope by shock wave.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US885601A 1969-12-16 1969-12-16 Safety cushion air system Expired - Lifetime US3680886A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US88560169A 1969-12-16 1969-12-16

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US885601A Expired - Lifetime US3680886A (en) 1969-12-16 1969-12-16 Safety cushion air system

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US (1) US3680886A (de)
AU (1) AU2240970A (de)
CA (1) CA923168A (de)
DE (1) DE2061759A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2073880A5 (de)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786843A (en) * 1970-10-19 1974-01-22 Allied Chem Delayed filling of air bag
US3788669A (en) * 1970-09-08 1974-01-29 Nissan Motor Safety device for motor vehicle
US3799574A (en) * 1972-01-12 1974-03-26 Irvin Industries Inc Vehicle safety device
US3799578A (en) * 1970-09-24 1974-03-26 Nissan Motor Vehicle safety device
US3834729A (en) * 1971-09-23 1974-09-10 Nissan Motor Sealing unit for pressurized gas generator of automotive safety device
US3892425A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-07-01 Gumze Ltd Air bag
US3991249A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-11-09 Toray Industries, Inc. Fabric material for producing woven air bags utilized for protecting riders in vehicles
US5127669A (en) * 1991-07-15 1992-07-07 Chrysler Corporation Mounting means for a vehicle passenger side air bag structure
US5527066A (en) * 1991-12-10 1996-06-18 Aga Aktiebolag Airbag filling arrangement
US5566975A (en) * 1992-02-24 1996-10-22 Morton International, Inc. Controlled pressure relief of an inflatable restraint reaction canister
US5757150A (en) * 1993-08-12 1998-05-26 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Electric system of an electric vehicle
US5820160A (en) * 1996-03-01 1998-10-13 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Airbag inflator with venturi effect cooling and gas supplement
US6412811B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2002-07-02 Trw Inc. Inflator
WO2002051674A1 (fr) 2000-12-27 2002-07-04 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gonfleur
WO2003028875A1 (fr) 2001-09-27 2003-04-10 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Moyen de pressurisation utilise dans un dispositif de gonflage
US20030098572A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2003-05-29 Nobuyuki Katsuda Inflator
WO2003051684A1 (fr) 2001-12-14 2003-06-26 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Plaque de déclenchement pour dispositif de gonflage
US20030155755A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-08-21 Yasunori Iwai Rupturable plate for inflator
US20040041382A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2004-03-04 Yuzo Gotoh Inflator with a cap
US6883830B2 (en) 2001-09-27 2005-04-26 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pressurized medium for inflator
US20050146121A1 (en) * 1999-08-10 2005-07-07 Trw Inc. Inflator
US7222880B2 (en) 2001-02-26 2007-05-29 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator
WO2007059864A1 (de) * 2005-11-24 2007-05-31 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur befüllung eines airbags mit hochverdichtetem gas

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280501A (en) * 1938-08-25 1942-04-21 British Oxygen Co Ltd Container for fluids under pressure
US2799435A (en) * 1954-06-09 1957-07-16 John J Baessler Molded nylon container
US2860003A (en) * 1953-06-08 1958-11-11 Robert H Hodges Inflatable crash protector for vehicles
US2959326A (en) * 1959-05-04 1960-11-08 Harvey N Pouliot Fluid controlling means
US3352459A (en) * 1966-09-12 1967-11-14 William H Sustrich Roll bar explosive cutter mechanism
US3429583A (en) * 1967-03-10 1969-02-25 Eaton Yale & Towne Vehicle safety system
US3514124A (en) * 1967-08-16 1970-05-26 Eaton Yale & Towne Vehicle safety device
US3539200A (en) * 1967-10-12 1970-11-10 Eaton Yale & Towne Vehicle safety device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280501A (en) * 1938-08-25 1942-04-21 British Oxygen Co Ltd Container for fluids under pressure
US2860003A (en) * 1953-06-08 1958-11-11 Robert H Hodges Inflatable crash protector for vehicles
US2799435A (en) * 1954-06-09 1957-07-16 John J Baessler Molded nylon container
US2959326A (en) * 1959-05-04 1960-11-08 Harvey N Pouliot Fluid controlling means
US3352459A (en) * 1966-09-12 1967-11-14 William H Sustrich Roll bar explosive cutter mechanism
US3429583A (en) * 1967-03-10 1969-02-25 Eaton Yale & Towne Vehicle safety system
US3514124A (en) * 1967-08-16 1970-05-26 Eaton Yale & Towne Vehicle safety device
US3539200A (en) * 1967-10-12 1970-11-10 Eaton Yale & Towne Vehicle safety device

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3788669A (en) * 1970-09-08 1974-01-29 Nissan Motor Safety device for motor vehicle
US3799578A (en) * 1970-09-24 1974-03-26 Nissan Motor Vehicle safety device
US3786843A (en) * 1970-10-19 1974-01-22 Allied Chem Delayed filling of air bag
US3834729A (en) * 1971-09-23 1974-09-10 Nissan Motor Sealing unit for pressurized gas generator of automotive safety device
US3892425A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-07-01 Gumze Ltd Air bag
US3799574A (en) * 1972-01-12 1974-03-26 Irvin Industries Inc Vehicle safety device
US3991249A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-11-09 Toray Industries, Inc. Fabric material for producing woven air bags utilized for protecting riders in vehicles
US5127669A (en) * 1991-07-15 1992-07-07 Chrysler Corporation Mounting means for a vehicle passenger side air bag structure
US5527066A (en) * 1991-12-10 1996-06-18 Aga Aktiebolag Airbag filling arrangement
US5566975A (en) * 1992-02-24 1996-10-22 Morton International, Inc. Controlled pressure relief of an inflatable restraint reaction canister
US5757150A (en) * 1993-08-12 1998-05-26 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Electric system of an electric vehicle
US5820160A (en) * 1996-03-01 1998-10-13 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Airbag inflator with venturi effect cooling and gas supplement
US6412811B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2002-07-02 Trw Inc. Inflator
US7131663B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2006-11-07 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflator for inflatable vehicle occupant protection device
US7121582B2 (en) 1999-08-10 2006-10-17 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems, Inc. Inflator
US20050146121A1 (en) * 1999-08-10 2005-07-07 Trw Inc. Inflator
US7252303B2 (en) 2000-08-29 2007-08-07 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator
US20030098572A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2003-05-29 Nobuyuki Katsuda Inflator
US6959649B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2005-11-01 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator
US20050242556A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2005-11-03 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator
WO2002051674A1 (fr) 2000-12-27 2002-07-04 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gonfleur
US7290796B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2007-11-06 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator
US7222880B2 (en) 2001-02-26 2007-05-29 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator
US6883830B2 (en) 2001-09-27 2005-04-26 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pressurized medium for inflator
WO2003028875A1 (fr) 2001-09-27 2003-04-10 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Moyen de pressurisation utilise dans un dispositif de gonflage
US20030155755A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-08-21 Yasunori Iwai Rupturable plate for inflator
US7032925B2 (en) 2001-12-14 2006-04-25 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Rupturable plate for inflator
WO2003051684A1 (fr) 2001-12-14 2003-06-26 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Plaque de déclenchement pour dispositif de gonflage
US20040041382A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2004-03-04 Yuzo Gotoh Inflator with a cap
WO2007059864A1 (de) * 2005-11-24 2007-05-31 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur befüllung eines airbags mit hochverdichtetem gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2073880A5 (de) 1971-10-01
DE2061759A1 (de) 1971-07-15
CA923168A (en) 1973-03-20
AU2240970A (en) 1972-05-25

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