US3675534A - Automatic rifle - Google Patents

Automatic rifle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3675534A
US3675534A US30492A US3675534DA US3675534A US 3675534 A US3675534 A US 3675534A US 30492 A US30492 A US 30492A US 3675534D A US3675534D A US 3675534DA US 3675534 A US3675534 A US 3675534A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
receiver
carrier
barrel
groove
bolt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US30492A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pier Carlo Beretta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beretta SpA
Original Assignee
Fabbrica dArmi Pietro Beretta SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
    • F41A17/64—Firing-pin safeties, i.e. means for preventing movement of slidably- mounted strikers
    • F41A17/66—Firing-pin safeties, i.e. means for preventing movement of slidably- mounted strikers automatically operated, i.e. operated by breech opening or closing movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F41A3/26—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/72—Operating handles or levers; Mounting thereof in breech-blocks or bolts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G1/00—Sighting devices
    • F41G1/06—Rearsights
    • F41G1/16—Adjusting mechanisms therefor; Mountings therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G1/00—Sighting devices
    • F41G1/46—Sighting devices for particular applications
    • F41G1/48—Sighting devices for particular applications for firing grenades from rifles

Definitions

  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide, in an automatic rifle, in which the bolt-cocking operation is performed by a partial intake of the explosion gases, a simple and reliable connection between the bolt-operating rod and the carrier which, in turn, controls the movement of the bolt. Another object is to provide a connection which permits also the manual actuation of the bolt to open the receiver.
  • a further object is to ensure a preselected delay time in the automatic opening of the receiver immediately after a shot has been fired.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide a simple and efficient aiming device for an automatic rifle having means for a partial intake of the explosion gases.
  • the automatic rifle according to the invention of the kind comprising a barrel having an explosion chamber at one end, which is adapted to be closed by a breech-bolt, and, at the opposite end, an explosion-gas intake, and which has a guiding tube mounted parallel, of said barrel and communicating at its front end with said gas intake, an operating rod slidable in the interior of said guiding tube and whose rear end has a transverse coupling groove, a compression spring mounted about said operating rod and urging the latter against the gas intake port, a carrier slidable in the receiver on longitudinal rigid ways and having a longitudinal through-bore adapted to receive the rear end of the operating rod, a locking-slider adapted rigidly to connect the operating rod to the carrier, said locking slider projecting laterally from the receiver and being retained in its locked position by a resiliently biassed lever, a receiver-bolt slidable in said breech and having an upwardly projecting pin, said carriage having in its bottom surface a slot whose axis is not
  • Another significant advantage of the rifle according to the present invention lies in that the carrier has now a considerable mass, so that it behaves like an inertial flywheel and ensures that the bullet has definitely left the barrel before the bolt may initiate the receiver-opening motion, irrespective of the so-called force" of the propelling charge of the cartridge which has been fired.
  • Yet another advantage is the simple and sturdy structure of the several component parts, which ensure a much longer service life of the rifle.
  • FIG. I is a side-elevational view, partly in cross-section, and incomplete, of the automatic rifle according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale as compared with FIG. I, of the mechanical connection between the operating rod and the carrier-bolt assembly.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view, sectioned along the line III-III in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IVIV of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line V-V of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a detail view, fragmentary and in cross-section, taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a view, similar to FIG. 3, along the line VlI--Vll of FIG. 2, with but the carrier shown in an intermediate stage of the receiver-opening stroke.
  • FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7, in which the carrier-andbolt assembly is at the end of the receiver-opening stroke.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the line IXIX of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 9.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are detail views, in plan and side elevation, respectively, of an alternative embodiment of the bolt.
  • FIG. 13 is a front view of the aiming assembly.
  • FIG. 14 is a side view of the device of FIG. 13, and
  • FIG. I5 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line XV-XV of FIG. 14.
  • the automatic rifle according to the present invention comprises a barrel 10 which forms an explosion chamber II, a receiver 12 carrying the reloading and tiring mechanism, the grip I3, the trigger 14, the automatic magazine 15 and the aiming assembly I6.
  • the rifle butt is affixed, in an appropriate manner (not shown) to the receiver 12.
  • the barrel 10 has, near its front end, a gas-intake port I7, through which a portion of the explosion gases is drawn.
  • a guiding tube 18 is mounted thereover, which communicates, near its own from end, with the gas-intake port 17.
  • a plunger 19 In the interior of the tube I8 is slidably housed a plunger 19 having a stem 20 and urged by a spring 21 towards the right as viewed in FIG. 1.
  • the stem 20 has, at its rear end, a radially projecting pin 22 and (FIG. 2) has a transverse groove 23.
  • the front portion of the receiver I2 has a lowermost tapped hole 24 into which the barrel I0 is screwably affixed, and an uppermost bore 25 which offers a seat to the rear end of the guiding tube I8, which abuts an annular abutment 26 (see FIG. 10), having a longitudinal groove 27 which is adapted to allow a sliding motion for the pin 22 during the insertion of the stem 20 into the receiver.
  • the receiver 12 In registry with the end of the barrel 10, the receiver 12 has an outwardly radially protruding step 28 which extends along a partial arc along the receiver section, a longitudinal groove 29 being interposed for a purpose to be specified hereinafter.
  • a carrier 31 is housed in the receiver 12 so as to slide along longitudinal ways 30.
  • the front portion of the carrier 31 has a hole 32 adapted to receive the rear end of the stem 20, and a through-opening 33 adapted to match; in transverse alignment, the opening 23 formed on the stem 20.
  • a locking-slider 34 is provided, which is adapted to enter the opening 33 and the groove 23 and that has an end which projects laterally outside the receiver, the latter having, in turn, an elongate hole 12A to allow the sliding of the slider 34.
  • a notch 36 is provided on the slider 34, so as to give a seat to a tooth 37 of a lever 38 which slides in a groove 38A, as urged by a compression spring 39 towards the slider-latching position.
  • FIG. 6 it suffices, to set the locking slider 34 free, that the lever 38 be pulled back, by pushing upon the knurled portion 40 against the bias of the spring 39.
  • a groove 42 is formed, whose axis is not rectilinear and has, instead, the outline shown in FIG. 3.
  • the groove 42 affords a sliding seat to a pin 44 projecting from the top surface of a bolt 45 having a central through-bore for housing a firing pin 47: the latter, as the bolt closes the receiver in the position of FIG. 2, can be driven into the explosion chamber 11.
  • the front portion of the bolt 45 has two lateral and diametrically opposite dogs 48 (FIG. 11) which are adapted to be retained by the step 28 of the receiver within the groove 49 formed by the step itself.
  • the rear end of the firing pin has a collar 50 and a bottom abutment 52 and a pin 51 is inserted in the carrier 31 for a purpose to be clarified hereinafter.
  • the longitudinal ways 30 are terminated in registry with the stp 28 so as to be flush, on one side, with the longitudinal groove 29 and, on the other side, with the upper edge ofthe step 28.
  • the operation of the rifle is as follows:
  • the operating stem or rod drives the carriage 31 backwards and the latter slides, in correspondence with the initial rectilinear portion of the groove 42, relative to the bolt 45 and then due to the engagement of the pin 44 with the second, non aligned portion of the groove 42, causes the bolt to be rotated about its own longitudinal axis to disengage the teeth 48 from the step 28 and, more particularly, it brings one tooth to match the groove 29 of the step and the other tooth to match the portion of the receiver 12 where the step 28 is lacking.
  • both the carrier and the bolt are in the positions as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the bolt 45 can slide back as controlled by the carrier 31 and thus the explosion chamber is cleared, and the bolt effects, in a manner and with the devices as known the conventional art, the ejection of the spent shell and the automatic loading of another cartridge, drawn from the magazine 15, into the chamber I].
  • the spring 21 thrusts forward the plunger 19 again and the operating rod 20 therewith. Consequently, the carrier 31 is driven forward.
  • the return of the carrier also drives the bolt 45 until the latter is again with the teeth 48 in the groove 49 as formed by the step 28.
  • the bolt 45 is rotated about its own longitudinal axis and locked in the receiver-closing position, in readiness for firin g another cartridge.
  • the firing pin 47 projects frontally from the bolt and is thus in a position to fire only when the bolt-carrier assembly is closed. Otherwise, due to the engagement of the pin 51 with it, the assembly is in retracted position with respect to the bolt and cannot project ahead of same. any possibility being thus prevented of an accidental firing before the bolt has thoroughly closed the breech. Emphasis should also be given to the fact that the groove 42 has a rectilinear initial portion so that the rotation which is necessary for clearing the bolt from the step 28 is started with a certain preselected delay relative to the beginning of the backward motion of the carrier.
  • the two ends of the guiding tube are equal to one another so that the tube can be reassembled without any special care over the barrel.
  • the holes 53 for venting the explosion gases are formed at both ends of the tube 18.
  • the bolt 145 has a pin 144 for cooperating with the groove 142 formed in the carrier wherein the pin 144 has a polygonal outline, so that, according to which of the portions of the groove 142 is engaged by the pin, different surfaces of the pin 144 will be engaged. More particularly, observing FIG. 11, where the groove 142 has been shown in dash and dot lines, it can be seen that the groove comprises a portion 142A and a portion 142B: in the first portion there will be slidably engaged and thus subjected to forces the two opposite planar surfaces 144A of the pin 144, whereas the second portion 1428 will engage the opposite surfaces of the pin 144B. By so doing it is possible, at each carrier stroke, i.e. for each cartridge fired, to prevent the pin 144 from being stressed over the same engagement area with the groove 142, the stresses being conversely distributed around the entire contour of the pin throughout.
  • the aiming device 16 is shown, which is a dioptrical sighting device mounted astride the receiver 12 and comprising two side plates 61 shaped so as to encompass the top portion of the receiver and to adhere to same.
  • a pin 62 is mounted, on which, in an intermediate position between the plates, a lever 63 is pivotally mounted, which is terminated, at the opposite end of the aiming device, by a wing 64 having an aiming pinhole 65 formed therethrough.
  • one of the base sides 66 of the lever 63 is cut so as to receive, by resting thereover, a support 67 which is pivotally mounted between the plates 6] and is an integral part of a pin 68: the latter is terminated, on the one side, by a knurled actuating knob 69 and, at the other side, it carries a resilient locking washer 70 held in position by a plug 71.
  • a pin 73 is provided, which is integrally affixed to the sides and is acted upon by the end of a coil spring 74 wound about the pin 68, the opposite end of the spring engaging the front plate 75 which interconnects the side plates 61.
  • FIG. 14 clearly shows that the spring 74 holds the lever 63 against the pin 68 and, more detailedly, the side 66 thereof against the supporting member 67.
  • the supporting member 67 has a polygonal, preferably triangular, cross-sectional outline, in which the planes of the sides are set at different distances from the axis of the pin 68.
  • the aiming device comprises, in addition, a back-sight leaf 76, pivoted for rotation about the pin 68 and intended for grenade throwing.
  • the leaf 76 comprises a front plate 77 having two holes '78 and a notch 81 for aiming, and two side wings, interconnected by the plate 77, one of said wings having a projection 79 adapted to engage either recess 80 of the two formed in one of the plates 61 and which serves for retaining the portion 76 in the two positions, active and inactive, respectively, shown in solid lines and in dotted lines in FIG. 14.
  • the bolt can be made lighter in weight, whereas a considerably heavier mass can be attributed to the interconnecting carrier: the latter thus operates like an inertial flywheel for adjusting the opening of the receiver by the bolt.
  • the carrier since the carrier has a considerable mass, it immediately stores all the power set free by the explosion gases and yields it evenly for the opening stroke of the bolt, without the bolt being influenced by the different forcc of the cartridges being fired.
  • sliding ways 30 for the carrier and the bolt dogs are also a reinforcing and stiffening member for the breech.
  • An automatic rifle comprising a barrel
  • said tube having a plunger at its front end and a transverse coupling groove at its rear end
  • breech bolt rotatable and slidable in said receiver and having two dogs at its front end which, upon rotation of the bolt in one direction, engage in a groove in said receiver defined by a step projecting from the internal surface of said receiver to retain said bolt locked in closed position
  • said carrier having in its bottom a groove with a nonrectilinear axis which is engaged by said step,
  • a firing pin slidably housed in an axial bore of said bolt and having at its rear end an outwardly projecting annular edge
  • said operating rod having at its rear end a radially projecting pin positioned to engage an abutment step formed internally of said receiver
  • said abutment step having a groove longitudinally oriented with respect to said receiver and disposed to allow sliding motion of said radially projecting pin therethrough, said radially-projecting pin being on the same side as said transverse coupling groove at the rear end of said rod.
  • An automatic rifle comprising a barrel
  • said tube having a plunger at its front end and a transverse coupling groove at its rear end
  • said carrier having in its bottom a groove with a nonrectilinear axis which is engaged by said step,
  • a firing pin slidably housed in an axial bore of said bolt and having at its rear end an outwardly projecting annular edge
  • said carrier having a transverse opening aligned with said transverse groove of said operating rod and forming a seat for said locking slider, said locking slider having a front bevel which facilitates its introduction into said opening, and
  • said lever having an external knurled surface for manipulation.
  • An automatic rifle comprising a barrel
  • breech bolt rotatable and slidable in said receiver and having two dogs at its front end which, upon rotation of the bolt in one direction, engage in a groove in said receiver defined by a step projecting from the internal surface of said receiver to retain said bolt locked in closed position
  • said tube having a plunger at its front end and a transverse coupling groove at its rear end
  • breech bolt rotatable and slidable in said receiver and having to dogs at its front end which, upon rotation of the bolt in one direction, engage in a groove in said receiver defined by a step projecting from the internal surface of said receiver to retain said bolt locked in closed position
  • said carrier having in its bottom a groove with a nonrectilinear axis which is engaged by said step,
  • a firing pin slidably housed in an axial bore of said bolt and having at its rear end an outwardly projecting annular edge
  • an aiming device comprising two lateral plates encompassing the upper portion of said receiver
  • a profiled lever pivoted to rotate in a vertical plane with respect to said lateral plates and carrying an aiming hole
  • a supporting member for said lever mounted rotatably between said lateral plates and having a plurality of surfaces which are at different distances from the axis of rotation of said supporting member
  • a backsight leaf pivoted to said supporting member for grenade throwing and rotatable between an active and an idle position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US30492A 1969-04-29 1970-04-21 Automatic rifle Expired - Lifetime US3675534A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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IT1621269 1969-04-29

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US3675534A true US3675534A (en) 1972-07-11

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US (1) US3675534A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE749747A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7018661D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH504666A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2019232C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK132842C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES379338A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2040376A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1282684A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7018661D0 (pt) 1973-05-31
DE2019232A1 (de) 1970-11-12
BE749747A (fr) 1970-10-01
DK132842B (da) 1976-02-16
DE2019232C3 (de) 1980-05-22
CH504666A (it) 1971-03-15
GB1282684A (en) 1972-07-19
FR2040376A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-01-22
DK132842C (da) 1976-07-12
DE2019232B2 (de) 1979-08-30
ES379338A1 (es) 1973-04-16

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