US3674575A - Tungsten carbide dispersion in age-hardenable cupro-nickel - Google Patents

Tungsten carbide dispersion in age-hardenable cupro-nickel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3674575A
US3674575A US82769A US3674575DA US3674575A US 3674575 A US3674575 A US 3674575A US 82769 A US82769 A US 82769A US 3674575D A US3674575D A US 3674575DA US 3674575 A US3674575 A US 3674575A
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Prior art keywords
nickel
cupro
matrix
weight
composition
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Expired - Lifetime
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US82769A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arnold L Prill
Stuart E Tarkan
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Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corp
Alloy Technology International Inc
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Chromalloy American Corp
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Assigned to ALLOY TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, INC. reassignment ALLOY TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CHROMALLOY AMERICAN CORPORATION
Assigned to CHROMALLOY GAS TURBINE CORPORATION, A DE. CORP. reassignment CHROMALLOY GAS TURBINE CORPORATION, A DE. CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CHROMALLOY AMERICAN CORPORATION
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3496—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member use of special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/32—Other parts
    • B63H23/36—Shaft tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/32—Other parts
    • B63H23/321—Bearings or seals specially adapted for propeller shafts
    • B63H2023/327—Sealings specially adapted for propeller shafts or stern tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
    • Y10S75/95—Consolidated metal powder compositions of >95% theoretical density, e.g. wrought

Definitions

  • a sintered refractory metal carbide composition comprising about 35 v/o to 70 v/o of at least one refractory metal carbide selected from the group consisting of WC, CbC, VC and TaC dispersed substantially uniformly through a cupro-nickel matrix making up essentially the balance, the cupro-nickel matrix consisting essentially by weight of about 55% to 90% copper and the balance essentially about 45% to by weight of nickel.
  • the cupro-nickel alloy matrix is preferably age-hardenable.
  • the composition is particularly adapted to the manufacture of non-magnetic wear and corrosion resistant elements for use in saline environments, such as a mating ring in rotating mechanical seal applications in torpedoes and the like.
  • This invention relates to a sintered refractory metal carbide composition and articles of manufacture thereof, such as shaft seals, which are characterized as being nonmagnetic and having improved wear and corrosion resistance in saline environments.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing such compositions.
  • Marine alloys are generally non-ferrous alloys containing copper as a major alloying ingredient to provide resistance to corrosion in saline environments.
  • An example of such alloys is cupro-nickel.
  • Such alloys have their limitations in rotary seal applications due to low resistance to wear. Attempts at improving wear resistance by adding strengtheners, such as Ta, Cr, Al, Zr, etc., have not been very satisfactory, the maximum hardness obtainable generally ranging up to about 35 R Due to the inherent lack of wear resistance in typical marine alloys, manufacturers of marine equipment have made attempts at other solutions to the problem, such as employing (1) a hard chrome plate, (2) flame or plasma spray coatings, and the like. The foregoing proposals had certain inherent problems, such as spalling and chipping problems due to the lack of ductility of the coating relative to the more ductile substrate.
  • Another object is to provide, as an article of manufacture, a non-magnetic wear and corrosion resistant element, such as rotary shaft seals, having particular use in saline environments.
  • a still further object is to provide a wear resistant alloy composition characterized by a high degree of inherent hardness and characterized further by being further hardened through heat treatment.
  • the invention also provides as an object a powder metallurgy method for producing hard wear resistant alloys suitable in marine applications.
  • FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of a mating ring for use in a mechanical seal
  • FIG. 2 is illustrative of one use of the novel composition as a mating ring seal for rotating shafts, especially where shafts are employed in marine equipment, such as torpedoes.
  • the invention resides in a sintered composition formed of at least one of the primary carbides WC, CbC, VC and TaC (e.g. about 35% to 70% by volume) dispersed substantially uniformly through a matrix of a cupro-nickel alloy making up the substantial balance, the matrix alloy consisting essentially by weight of about 55% to copper and the balance essentially about 45% to 10% nickel.
  • primary carbide is meant any one or more of the aforementioned carbides which is added to the matrix as such, using powder metallurgy techniques of powder blending, of compressing the blended mixture into the desired shape and sintering the shape at an elevated sintering temperature, such as at the melting point of the matrix metal.
  • the matrix metal may advantageously contain strengthening elements, such as age hardeners, for example, 0.5% to 3% by weight of alumi-I num.
  • the refractory carbide may range from about 35 v/o to 70 v/o or, more advantageously about 40 v/o to 60 v/o, and the balance cupronickel matrix alloy ranging from about 30 We to 65 We and about 40 We to 60 v/o, respectively.
  • a particularly specific composition is 45 v/o WC and 55 v/o matrix alloy.
  • the composition of the matrix alloy may range from about 55% to 90% by weight of copper and the balance essentially about 45% to 10% nickel, the range more advantageously being by weight about 60% to 75% copper and about 40% to 25% nickel, with or without about 0.5% to 3% by weight aluminum as an age hardener, and 0 to about 5% iron, more preferably 1 to 3% iron.
  • a specific composition of the matrix metal by weight is 68.5% copper, 30% nickel and 1.5% aluminum.
  • the alloy matrix may contain by Weight up to about 2% manganese and, more preferably, 0.5 to 1%.
  • EXAMPLE 1 An age hardenable wear and corrosion resistant composition was produced by dispersing 45 v/o WC through a matrix of 55 We of cupro-nickel alloy containing by Weight about 68.5% copper, about 30 nickel and 1.5 aluminum. In producing the carbidic composition, about 60% by weight of WC powder is mixed with about 40% by weight of the alloying ingredients employed in producing the matrix metal as follows:
  • the compacts thus produced are preferably subjected to liquid phase sintering in vacuum by heating them to about 1400 C. in vacuum for about 2 /2 hours and then held at temperature for about three-quarters of an hour, followed by cooling to 1200 C., in 60 minutes and then furnace cooled from the foregoing temperature to room temperature.
  • the sintering is advantageously carried out on a ceramic plate of previously fired Magnorite (a commercial MgO refractory).
  • the sintered density of the sintered compact was about 99.3% of theoretical and the compact exhibited an assintered hardness of about 51 R and a solution annealed hardness of about 38 to 40 R when heated to 1650 F. and held at temperature for about one hour followed by air cooling. Heating the quenched alloy at an age hardening temperature of about 932 F. for about 16 hours resulted in a hardness of 52 R
  • the sintered alloy in the annealed state is easy to machine to precise shapes prior to age hardening and exhibits good resistance to seawater corrosion. While the' metallographic structure is composite in nature, galvanic couples do not occur and, therefore, the alloy is not subject to galvanic corrosion.
  • This alloy is excellent as seal material for rotary shafts in marine equipment.
  • Other potential uses are non-sparking tools, weld wire guides for its good electrical conductivity and wear resistance.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Vol. percent Primary carbide About 55 Matrix metal About 45 1 CbC.
  • the nominal composition of the matrix by weight is as follows:
  • EXAMPLE 3 Vol. percent Primary carbide About 60 Matrix metal About 40
  • the nominal composition of the matrix by weight is as follows:
  • the nominal composition of the matrix metal by weight is as follows:
  • the sintering temperature may range from about 1050 C. to 1600 C., the time at temperature ranging from about 10 minutes to 4 hours.
  • the sintering is preferably carried out in vacuum. However, vacuum need not be employed so long as the pressed compact is sintered in a non-reactive environment, such as in hydrogen, argon, etc.
  • the sintered body (where the matrix metal is age hardenable) is preferably solution annealed by heating to a temperature in the range of about 750 C. (1382 F.) to 950 C. (1742 F.) for about 1 to 4 hours, the annealed body thereafter cooled to room temperature, such as by agitated air cooling.
  • the age hardening treatment consists of heating the solution annealed body at a temperature of about 300 C. (572 F.) to 700 C. (l292 F.) for about 1 to 25 hours and then air cooling.
  • the composite alloy produced in accordance with the invention is characterized in that it is machinable, is substantially non-magnetic, is particularly wear resistant and suitable for use in saline environments, such as seals for rotary shafts.
  • a seal ring 10 is shown in FIG. 1, said seal ring having use as a mating ring in the mechanical seal of FIG. 2.
  • the mechanical seal of FIG. 2 is formed of an assembly of an annular stainless steel cup 11, having confined in the cup-like annulus thereof a graphite ring 12.
  • the graphite ring has an annular right angled cutout 13 in which is confined an elastomer O-ring 14 for maintaining a positive seal between the seal ring and the cup.
  • a mating ring 10A is shown produced from the composite alloy of the invention in abutting relationship with the graphite seal and shaft 15, the mechanical seal assembly being supported on shaft 15 as shown.
  • a sintered, machinable, non-magnetic, wear and corrosion resistant carbidic composite alloy suitable for use in saline environments said alloy being formed of a sintered composition consisting essentially of about 35 v/o to 70 v/o of primary grains of at least one refractory carbide selected from the group consisting of WC, CbC, VC and TaC dispersed substantially uniformly through a cupro-nickel matrix making up essentially the balance, said cupro-nickel matrix consisting essentially by weight of about 55 w/o to 90 w/o copper, about 05%- to 3% aluminum, to about iron, 0 to 2% manganese and the balance essentially of about 45 w/o to w/o nickel, said cupro-nickel matrix being in the age-hardened condition.
  • a machinable, nonmagnetic wear and corrosion resistant element suitable for use in saline environments, said element being formed of a sintered composition consisting essentially of about 35 v/o to 70 v/o of primary grains of at least one refractory carbide selected from the group consisting of WC, CbC, VC and TaC dispersed substantially uniformly through a cupro-nickel matrix making up essentially the balance, said cupro-nickel matrix consisting essentially by weight of about 55 w/o to 90 W/o of copper, about 0.5 to 3% aluminum, 0 to 5% iron, 0 to 2% manganese and the balance essentially of about 45w/o to 10 w/o nickel, said cupro-nickel matrix being in the age-hardened condition.
  • the refractory carbide is tungsten carbide
  • the cupro-nickel alloy matrix contains by weight about 55 w/o to w/o copper and about 45 w/o to 25 W/o nickel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
US82769A 1970-10-21 1970-10-21 Tungsten carbide dispersion in age-hardenable cupro-nickel Expired - Lifetime US3674575A (en)

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US8276970A 1970-10-21 1970-10-21

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US (1) US3674575A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5134364B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA944977A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2060446B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2111568A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1348569A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4641976A (en) * 1984-02-09 1987-02-10 Smith International, Inc. Copper-based spinodal alloy bearings
US5161898A (en) * 1991-07-05 1992-11-10 Camco International Inc. Aluminide coated bearing elements for roller cutter drill bits
US5527113A (en) * 1993-08-16 1996-06-18 Smith International, Inc. Rock bit bearing material
US20090007967A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2009-01-08 Emmanuel Fano Method of Coating a Pipe Element or Device Used to Convey Gaseous Oxygen

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2116584A (en) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-28 Metallurg Inc Sintered hardmetals

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4641976A (en) * 1984-02-09 1987-02-10 Smith International, Inc. Copper-based spinodal alloy bearings
US5161898A (en) * 1991-07-05 1992-11-10 Camco International Inc. Aluminide coated bearing elements for roller cutter drill bits
US5527113A (en) * 1993-08-16 1996-06-18 Smith International, Inc. Rock bit bearing material
US5552106A (en) * 1993-08-16 1996-09-03 Smith International, Inc. Method of making bearing component for rotary cone rock bit
US20090007967A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2009-01-08 Emmanuel Fano Method of Coating a Pipe Element or Device Used to Convey Gaseous Oxygen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5134364B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-09-25
FR2111568A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-02
CA944977A (en) 1974-04-09
DE2060446B2 (de) 1972-05-31
DE2060446A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-31
GB1348569A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-20

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Owner name: ALLOY TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 169 WESTERN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CHROMALLOY AMERICAN CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004059/0159

Effective date: 19820928

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CHROMALLOY AMERICAN CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004862/0635

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CHROMALLOY AMERICAN CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004862/0635

Effective date: 19880311