US3673594A - Photocopying device - Google Patents

Photocopying device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3673594A
US3673594A US19588A US3673594DA US3673594A US 3673594 A US3673594 A US 3673594A US 19588 A US19588 A US 19588A US 3673594D A US3673594D A US 3673594DA US 3673594 A US3673594 A US 3673594A
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United States
Prior art keywords
semiconductor
heat
recording element
field
charge pattern
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US19588A
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English (en)
Inventor
Benjamin Kazan
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B15/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/02—Exposure apparatus for contact printing
    • G03B27/14—Details
    • G03B27/30—Details adapted to be combined with processing apparatus
    • G03B27/306—Heat development
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/22—Processes involving a combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G19/00—Processes using magnetic patterns; Apparatus therefor, i.e. magnetography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/153—Charge-receiving layers combined with additional photo- or thermo-sensitive, but not photoconductive, layers, e.g. silver-salt layers

Definitions

  • the present invention employs a light-sensitive layer in combination with a recording member to achieve photocopying, but departs from the known state of the art by employing a light-sensitive layer on which a surface charge pattern can be established in response to light emanating from the subject to be copied.
  • This stored charge pattern is retained for long periods after the actuating light is removed.
  • such a charge pattern locally controls by field-effect action the conductivity of the underlying semiconductor in a manner similar to that in a thin film field-effect transistor.
  • An r.f. electric field applied to the semiconductor can then cause local current flow in accordance with the surface stored charge pattern. This current flow produces local heating which is directly transferred to the adjacent heat-sensitive layer in which a pattern is recorded corresponding to the optical input image.
  • FIGS. la-le show a series of steps depicting the operation of an embodiment of the invention as it is applied to the recording in a magnetic film.
  • FIG. 2 is another embodiment of the invention showing recording on a heat-sensitive paper.
  • FIG. 3 is a further embodiment of the invention wherein the charge storing mechanism consists of a compound layer of an insulator and a semiconductor layer.
  • FIG. la an insulating substrate 2, preferably but not limited to glass, ceramic or the like, on which is deposited a thin layer of magnetic material 4.
  • a thin layer of magnetic material 4 is chosen to be europium oxide (EuO), whose magnetic field direction can be altered by Curie point switching, such EuO being maintained at a temperature below its Curie temperature.
  • EuO europium oxide
  • ZnO zinc oxide
  • a magnetic field M (See FIG. lb) is applied thereto so that the entire EuO layer is magnetized in a direction that lies parallel to the plane of the magnetic film, the layer remaining magnetized in that direction after the applied field M has been removed.
  • the surface of the ZnO layer 6 is uniformly charged negatively by a corona generator 8 while the structure is maintained in the dark.
  • the magnetic film 4 is maintained at ground potential.
  • the ZnO layer 6 is exposed to a transient light image corresponding to subject S.
  • FIG. 1e illustrates the final record ing step wherein successive areas of the magnetic film 4 and ZnO layer 6 are subjected to an r.f. field by moving the composite film 4 and 6 relative to r.f. electrodes 12, at the same time that a magnetic field M, opposite to the aligning field M, is applied to the EuO.
  • the frequency of the r.f. power applied through electrodes 12 is chosen so that the heat generated is confined mainly to the ZnO.
  • a ZnO material sufficiently doped with excess Zn, for example, so that its conductivity range is sufficiently high.
  • As little r.f. heating as possible should be generated in the magnetic film 4 itself which should have a very low conductivity.
  • its bulk resistivity may be as high as 10 ohm-cm. as compared with a resistivity range of 10 -10 ohm-cm. for ZnO so that preferential heating of the ZnO over the EuO is achieved.
  • the latter may be scanned either with a laser beam or an incoherent intensity-modulated light beam instead of exposing it to an optical image as in the recording process described above.
  • a laser beam because of its greater spot intensity, it need dwell only a very short time on the successive elemental areas of ZnO layer 6 to generate a charge pattern, permitting faster scanning rates to be achieved than when a beam of incoherent light is used.
  • the highly desirable features of the embodiment of the invention set forth in FIGS. la to 1e are that one obtains a stored latent charge image that can be retained for long periods or erased, and which can be converted to a recorded magnetic pattern at an arbitrary later time.
  • the magnetic pattern in turn, may be erased merely by applying a sufiiciently uniform field M to the EuO 4 and the recording process repeated.
  • the composite layers 2, 4 and 6 could be housed in a light-tight box, such as a camera, and be made to move sequentially past a magnetizing station, a corona charging station, a modulated light station and a radio-frequency station, all such stations being judiciously located at different points of travel of the composite layered unit.
  • a light-tight box such as a camera
  • FIG. 2 depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein a heat-sensitive paper 14 is in contact with or coated with a ZnO layer 6 and serves as the recording member.
  • the double-layer film of ZnO and heat-sensitive paper in the form of an elongated movable strip are contained in a camera 16 and by actuation of a shutter (not shown) of the camera 16, so that light 10 from subject 18 focused by means of lens 20 is allowed to reach to a portion of layer 6 below the open shutter.
  • the ZnO surface Prior to reaching the region of the shutter (not shown), the ZnO surface is exposed to the corona generator 8 which leaves such surface negatively charged. Grounding of conductive roller r of the camera will permit excess charges from the ZnO to leak off, through slightly conductive paper 14.
  • Heat-sensitive paper 14 is well known in the art (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 3,368,892, which issued Feb. 13, 1968) and is, for example, of the type that will change from a buff or light color to a blue-black when heated to about 100C.
  • One such paper is also called Thermofax paper in the photocopying field. Since the heat produced in the ZnO by the r.f. field will be produced at the stored charge pattern locations, the pattern will be reproduced in the paper. Since ZnO is transparent, the pattern in the paper 14 is visible through the ZnO layer 6.
  • the recorded pattern produced in the heat-sensitive paper 14 is retained, but unlike the magnetic film embodiment, it is not erasable. It is also within the purview of this invention to replace the heat-sensitive layer, if desired, with other heat-sensitive materials such as cholesteric liquid crystals, which change color when heated. Although the images produced in such liquid crystal films are temporary, the use of a field-effect layer 6 for controlling such films provides a type of dynamic display device.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention where the recording member 4 could be magnetic film, heat-sensitive paper or crystals.
  • the ZnO layer is replaced by a thin layer of semiconductor material 34 and insulator 36.
  • the insulator 36 may be, for example, SiO or CaF and the semiconductor may be, for example, CdSe, CdS, or tellurium and is preferably a semiconductor that can be readily fabricated in thin film form. Unlike ZnO, such semiconductors are unable to retain a surface charge without the aid of an insulator coatmg.
  • the individual voltages, V, are modulated in accordance with input signals as the composite film is moved past the stylii 38.
  • a charge pattern can be established on the insulating surface 36.
  • maintaining an r.f. voltage across electrodes 12 causes localized heating to take place within semiconductor 34, such heating taking place in accordance with the conductivity produced in the semiconductor by the stored charge pattern.
  • This localized heating is then transferred to the heat-sensitive recording member 32, which can form either a permanent or erasable record.
  • recording member 32 is slightly conducting and maintained at ground potential, by means of roller r which is grounded, to enable excess negative charges to leak off the film 32 during corona charging. Grounded roller r also transports the composite film.
  • a photocopying device comprising a heat-sensitive recording element
  • radio-frequency electric field means for locally heating said semiconductor so as to reproduce said stored charge pattern as a visible image on said recording element.
  • a photocopying device comprising a heat-sensitive recording element
  • a field-efiect controlled semiconductor layer in contact with said recording element, means for exposing said semiconductor to an optical image so as to store a charge pattern in said semiconductor in accordance with the intensity of light emanating from said image, and
  • a photocopying device comprising a heat-sensitive recording element
  • a field-effect controlled composite layer comprising a semiconductor and an electrical insulator adjacent said heat-sensitive recording element

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US19588A 1970-03-16 1970-03-16 Photocopying device Expired - Lifetime US3673594A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1958870A 1970-03-16 1970-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3673594A true US3673594A (en) 1972-06-27

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US19588A Expired - Lifetime US3673594A (en) 1970-03-16 1970-03-16 Photocopying device

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3673594A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5115746B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA932377A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2112199A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2087778A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1288702A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3838431A (en) * 1972-04-18 1974-09-24 H Germer Apparatus for thermally recording character patterns
US4052208A (en) * 1973-05-04 1977-10-04 Martinelli Michael A Image recording medium employing photoconductive granules and a heat disintegrable layer
US4583833A (en) * 1984-06-07 1986-04-22 Xerox Corporation Optical recording using field-effect control of heating
US5638103A (en) * 1988-02-20 1997-06-10 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Method for recording and reproducing information, apparatus therefor and recording medium

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8918622D0 (en) * 1989-08-15 1989-09-27 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermal imaging system

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3043685A (en) * 1957-07-18 1962-07-10 Xerox Corp Xerographic and magnetic image recording and reproducing
US3250636A (en) * 1963-01-02 1966-05-10 Xerox Corp Method and apparatus for image reproduction with the use of a reusable heat demagnetizable ferromagnetic imaging layer
US3284196A (en) * 1962-10-11 1966-11-08 Ibm Apparatus and method for electric recording
US3355289A (en) * 1962-05-02 1967-11-28 Xerox Corp Cyclical xerographic process utilizing a selenium-tellurium xerographic plate
US3368892A (en) * 1959-08-10 1968-02-13 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of copying utilizing an infrared-absorptive image formed by electrostatic attraction
US3512168A (en) * 1965-05-26 1970-05-12 Ibm Apparatus for recording in a metastable state with reversion to a stable state

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3043685A (en) * 1957-07-18 1962-07-10 Xerox Corp Xerographic and magnetic image recording and reproducing
US3368892A (en) * 1959-08-10 1968-02-13 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of copying utilizing an infrared-absorptive image formed by electrostatic attraction
US3355289A (en) * 1962-05-02 1967-11-28 Xerox Corp Cyclical xerographic process utilizing a selenium-tellurium xerographic plate
US3284196A (en) * 1962-10-11 1966-11-08 Ibm Apparatus and method for electric recording
US3250636A (en) * 1963-01-02 1966-05-10 Xerox Corp Method and apparatus for image reproduction with the use of a reusable heat demagnetizable ferromagnetic imaging layer
US3512168A (en) * 1965-05-26 1970-05-12 Ibm Apparatus for recording in a metastable state with reversion to a stable state

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Curie Point Writing on Magnetic Films, L. Mayer, J. of Applied Physics, June 1958, Vol. 29, pg. 1,003. *
Magnetic Recording Techniques, H. J. Kump et al. IBM Tech. Bull., Vol. 8, No. 9, 1966, pg. 1,246. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3838431A (en) * 1972-04-18 1974-09-24 H Germer Apparatus for thermally recording character patterns
US4052208A (en) * 1973-05-04 1977-10-04 Martinelli Michael A Image recording medium employing photoconductive granules and a heat disintegrable layer
US4583833A (en) * 1984-06-07 1986-04-22 Xerox Corporation Optical recording using field-effect control of heating
US5638103A (en) * 1988-02-20 1997-06-10 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Method for recording and reproducing information, apparatus therefor and recording medium
US5983057A (en) * 1988-05-17 1999-11-09 Dai Nippon Printing Co. Ltd Color imaging system with selectively openable optical shutter
US6493013B2 (en) 1988-05-17 2002-12-10 Dainippon Printing Co., Ltd. Method for recording and reproducing information, apparatus therefor and recording medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA932377A (en) 1973-08-21
FR2087778A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-31
DE2112199A1 (de) 1971-10-07
GB1288702A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-13
JPS5115746B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-05-19

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