US3673295A - Process for shaping textile articles using fluid thermoforming techniques - Google Patents

Process for shaping textile articles using fluid thermoforming techniques Download PDF

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US3673295A
US3673295A US3673295DA US3673295A US 3673295 A US3673295 A US 3673295A US 3673295D A US3673295D A US 3673295DA US 3673295 A US3673295 A US 3673295A
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forming
heat
textile
matrix
fabric
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English (en)
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Robert Charles Winchklhofer
Gene Clyde Weedon
George Howard Collingwood
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Allied Corp
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Allied Chemical Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C29/00—Finishing or dressing, of textile fabrics, not provided for in the preceding groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B29C51/004—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/007—Using fluid under pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
    • Y10T428/31736—Next to polyester
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/69—Autogenously bonded nonwoven fabric

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Articles are manufactured from textile material composed of filaments prepared from blended fiber-forming polymers having different chemical properties, at least one of the fiberforming polymers being dispersed as fibrils in a lower melting point polymeric matrix.
  • the article is produced by heating the material to a temperature above the melting point of the matrix-forming polymer but below the melting point of the dispersed fibrils to shrink said article thereby decreasing the porosity thereof and afterwards forming the heated material into a three-dimensional shape using vacuum or other fluid pressure.
  • thermoforming such as the heating of a non-air permeable vinyl film and vacuum forming it to a desired shape has been widely practiced in industry.
  • such has not been practical in connection with open mesh textile articles because the porosity of the articles permitted the ready passage of the pressure-applying fluid and also because the plastic properties of the material at elevated temperatures was not conducive to satisfactorily utilizing them for such a process unless a non-air permeable sheet was employed in combination with the article as disclosed in British Pat. No. 899,646.
  • these fabrics have a tendency to sag thereby increasing the openness or porosity of said fabric. Further heating causes the polymer constituent to flow before heat setting is achieved and thereby destroys the textile appearance of the fabric.
  • 3,322,854 disclosing homogeneous mixtures of polymers and/or copolycondensated polymers to improve polyester moldability, resistance to wrinkle and dyeability; and Fukushima U.S. Pat. No. 3,359,344 disclosing improved polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene calendered films made by incorporating chopped strands of a blended fiber comprised of polyolefin and a high molecular weight material.
  • microsized globules or fibrils are usually initially produced in the matrix, which when spun into filaments and drawn, produce the desired microfibrillar dispersion in the lower melting matrix material.
  • a textile fabric composed of filaments of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,369,057 may be heat-treated and fluid-formed to a desired shape and yet the fabric will largely retain its original textile appearance. This is accomplished by heating the fabric to a temperature between the melting point of the polymers forming said filaments thereby shrinking and heat setting the filaments in situ in said fabric without significant flow, cross-sectional flattening, disfiguration, or sagging and at the same time a reduction in porosity of the fabric. As the filaments shrink, their diameter is increased to reduce the interstices of a fabric construction comprised thereof.
  • an important feature of this invention is that the fabric is heated to a heat-setting condition and maintained thereat throughout the fluid thermoforming phases of article production whereby permanent shaping is imparted to said articles when cooled.
  • Multi-constituent or matrix filaments filaments made by inclusion of at least one polymeric material in a matrix of another as discontinuous fibrils, the two materials having substantially different melt temperatures such that fibrous constructions composed thereof can be heat-set and plastically formed by application of heat below the melt temperature of one and equal to or above that of the other, the entire filament composition or any component thereof optionally including any secondary material compatible with the heat-set property of the fabric as a whole such as antioxidants and other stabilizing agents, reinforcing particles, fillers, adhesion promoting agents, fluorescent materials, dispersing agents, and others useful in polymerization, extruding, spinning, fabric forming and shaping, heat-setting and product finishing techniques.
  • inorganic materials such as metal whiskers, fiber glass fibrils, asbestos particles and the like may be incorporated for conductive and/or reinforcement purposes.
  • Textile material any woven, knitted or non-woven fibrous structure.
  • Fluid therrnofonning includes heating the textile material to a temperature whereby the lower melting matrix is at or above the temperature of fusion so that the fibers will begin or completely fuse together and shrink a sufficient amount to decrease the porosity of the textile material.
  • the temperature should be maintained below the fusion point of the discontinuous fibrils to avoid unnecessary degradation of the textile material.
  • the heat-settable and heat-shrunk textile material has a differential pressure applied to it by means of a fluid in order to form it to a desired shape.
  • the fluid can broadly include liquids as well as gasses and the pressure may either be direct pressure of the fluid itself or negative pressure by drawing a vacuum onto the textile material.
  • the forming can be assisted by a combination of vacuum and pressure, by the use of slip rings around a die, the use of a plug as assistance, etc.
  • the article is formed by the use of ambient air pressure through pulling a vacuum on one side of the textile material after it has been partially fused. This can be accompanied by a plug assist if the shape of the textile material and conditions under which it is being formed indicate its use.
  • the invention is applicable to textile material prepared from heat shrinkable and heat-settable multi-constituent filaments or yarn of any combination of polymeric materials capable of creating a matrix and having a relatively higher melting dispersion of discontinuous fibrils; however, it is clear that a polyester-polyamide combination produces outstanding articles over the other materials.
  • These compositions may contain 50-90 parts by weight nylon and 50-10 parts by weight polyester dispersion.
  • Other materials useful in multiconstituent fibers are polyolefins, polysulfones, polyphenyl oxides, polycarbonates, and other polyarnides and polyesters.
  • the higher melting material is dispersed in the form of fibrils in a matrix of the other.
  • polystyrene examples of the most useful polyolefin materials are polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-l-butene, polyisobutylene and polystyrene.
  • nylon 6 polycaproamide
  • other suitable polyamides are nylon 6-10 (hexamethylene-diamine-sebacic acid), nylon 6-6 (hexamethylene-diamine-adipic acid), methanoland ethanolsoluble polyamide copolymers and other substituted polyamides such as the alkoxy-substituted polyamides.
  • the preferred polyester is polyethylene terephthalate; others are polyesters of high T useful in the practice of the present invention, including those polymers in which one of the recurring units in the polyester chain is the diacyl aromatic radical from terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, S-t-butylisophthalate, a naphthalene dicarboxylic acid such as naphthalene 2,6 and 2,7 acids, a diphenyldicarboxylic acid, a diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, a diphenyl alkylene dicarboxylic acid, a diphenyl sulphone dicarboxylic acid, an azo dibenzoid acid, a pyridine dicarboxylic acid, a quinoline dicarboxylic acid, and analogous aromatic species including the sulfonic acid analogues; diacyl radicals containing cyclopentane or cyclohexane rings between the acyl groups; and such radicals substituted
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view in schematic form showing a drape-forming step where the textile material is being heated.
  • FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1 with the textile material being draped and vacuum formed to final shape.
  • FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 1 except showing a slip ring and a different apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 3 but shows the slip ring contacting the textile material and the beginning of the forming of the material into a three-dimensional shape.
  • FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 4 with the material being formed into its final shape and the slip ring being further compressed.
  • FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. I but shows the utilization of a plug assist and a different type of apparatus.
  • FIG. 7 is similar to F IG. 6 but shows the heater removed and the plug in its descended position.
  • FIG. 8 is similar to FIG. 7 with a vacuum utilized to pull the fabric into its final shape.
  • FIG. 9 is similar to FIG. 1 showing the use of a different apparatus where pressure is used on one side and vacuum is used on the other side.
  • FIG. 10 is similar to FIG. 9 with the heater plate descended against the textile material which is locked against the forming cabinet.
  • FIG. 11 is similar to FIG. 10 with the textile material in its finally formed shape.
  • multiconstituent filament is produced in accordance with the formulation of Example 1 in U.S. Pat. No. 3,369,057, i.e., granular polyethylene terephthalate polymer was used, melting about 255 C. (DTA) and about 265 C. (optical), having density (when amorphous) of about 1.33 grams per cc. at 23 C. and about 1.38 grams per cc. in the form of drawn filament, having reduced viscosity of about 0.85 and having '1', about 65 C.
  • the polyester in the form of drawn filament drawn to give ultimate elongation not above 20 percent will have tensile modulus (modulus of elasticity) ranging from about 70 to about grams per denier, depending on spinning conditions employed.
  • This polyester (30 parts) was mixed with 70 parts of granular polycaproamide having reduced viscosity about 1.04, T, about 35 C. and density about 1.114 grams per cc. at 23 C. Amine groups in this polycaproamide had been blocked by reaction with sebacic acid, bringing the amine group analyses thereof to 11 milliequivalents of NI-I groups per kilogram of polymer.
  • This polycaproamide contained as heat stabilizer, 50 ppm copper as cupric acetate.
  • the mixture of polyamide and polyester granules was blended in a double cone blender for 1 hour.
  • the granular blend was dried to a moisture content of no more than 0.01 percent; then melted at 285 C. in a 3-7-inch diameter screw extruder operated at a rotational speed of about 39 rpm to produce a pressure of 3,000 psig at the outlet.
  • a dry nitrogen atmosphere was used to protect the blend against absorbing moisture. Residence time in the extruder was 8 minutes.
  • the molten mixture thereby obtained had melt viscosity of about 2,000 poises at 285 C.
  • the polyester was uniformly distributed throughout .and had average particle diameter of about 2 microns, as observed by cooling and solidifying a sample of the melt, leaching out the polyamide component with formic acid and examining the residual polyester material.
  • the multi-constituent blend thus produced was extruded through a spinneret plate and the resulting solidified fibers were drawn and wound at 1,000-2,000 feet per minute under tensions of about 0.01 gram per denier.
  • the filaments were then drawn 4-6 times their length in order to impart orientation and maximum strength thereto.
  • the fibers were then formed into a yarn denier of grams per 9,000 meters. This 150 denier yarn was made up of 32 individual fibers.
  • the yarn was then woven into a plain-weave fabric and fused on a tenter frame traveling at the rate of 7 yards per minute with a traction of 4 percent and an overfeed of +10 percent at between 215 C. and 230 C. and preferably 226 C.
  • the air permeability or porosity was reduced from approximately 17 cubic feet per minute per square foot before heat treatment to 5 cubic feet per minute per square foot as measured by a standard test.
  • a 6-inch by 6-inch sample of this fabric was clamped in a standard vacuum forming machine over a circular female mold one inch deep and 2-% inches in diameter.
  • the retractable heaters were maintained at a temperature of 700 F. in a vicinity close to the heating elements so that the fabric is heated to below 226 C. and preferably to a temperature of between 218 and 226 C. prior to the application of the vacuum for approximately 20 seconds.
  • the vacuum was then applied and the material readily assumed the 1-inch deep by 2-% inch in diameter three-dimensional shape and demonstrated the ease with which a textile article can be made by vacuum forming utilizing the principles of the present invention without the use of an impervious sheet material.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a drape-forming method and apparatus.
  • the textile sheet is clamped by clamps 20 and heated by heater 21 to the desired temperature.
  • the sheet is then drawn over the mold 22 or else the mold is forced up into the sheet.
  • vacuum is then applied through opening 24 into cavity 25 and through second vacuum opening 26 so that atmospheric pressure is used in causing the heated textile material to stretch slightly and assume the shape of the mold.
  • openings are insufficient to prevent the practice of the process.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 there is shown a slip ring forming process.
  • the heated textile material is placed across the female die 27.
  • pressure pads 28 clamp the textile material tightly to allow it to slip under control tension as the mold 27 is pushed into the material.
  • air beneath the sheet is either vented or else a vacuum is drawn through opening 30.
  • the pressure pads exert maximum holding pressure against the textile material restraining it enough to avoid losing the final fonn shape.
  • vacuum can be applied through second opening 31 and if desired air pressure can be supplied through opening 30.
  • FIGS. 6 through 8 are shown three sequences using vacuum forming plug assistance.
  • a plug 34 shaped roughly as the mold cavity but smaller is plunged into the textile material and prestretches it when the plug platen 35 has reached its closed position as shown in FIG. 7.
  • a vacuum is drawn on the mold cavity through opening 31 to complete the formation of the textile object as is shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIGS. 9 through 11 there is shown a sequence of steps using a trapped textile layer with contact heat and pressure forming.
  • the textile material is inserted between the mold cavity 37 and a hot mold plate 38.
  • the plate is flat and porous and allows air to be blown through its face.
  • the mold cavity seals the material against the hot plate.
  • Air pressure applied from the female mold cavity 37 through opening 39 beneath the sheet blows the sheet totally against the contact hot plate for the best thermal conductivity for rapid heating of the material.
  • a vacuum can also be drawn on the hot mold plate.
  • Venting can be used on the opposite side of the material or a vacuum can be applied through opening 39.
  • the poly-constituent fiber of the first example was made into a yarn of 840 denier using I36 individual filaments. This yarn was then used for the warp and an 840 denier polyester yarn was used for the fill in producing a satin weave.
  • a 6- by 6-inch sample of the fabric was placed in a plug-assisted vacuum forming apparatus similar to that of FIGS. 6 through 8. It was first heated to between 226 and 232 C. prior to forming into a cup l-inch deep by 2-%-inch in diameter.
  • the third example was repeated with the only difference being that the weave was a plain weave rather than a satin weave.
  • the results were identical to those of the third example.
  • the first example was repeated except the fibers of the textile material were not prefused in a tenter frame and the fibers used in making the textile material were only partially drawn.
  • the fibers had been substantially fully drawn in their manufacture, that is with a draw ratio of 4 to 6 or higher in order to confer molecular orientation along the filament axis to increase the strength of the filaments. While these highstrength filaments are usually desired, in some instances it has been found their tendency to shrink when heated to the fusion temperature of the matrix polymer creates more shrinkage than is desired to some uses.
  • the fibers were only drawn 2X.
  • a blend was prepared consisting of 30 percent polyethylene and 70 percent polypropylene by weight.
  • Both resins were commercially available grades.
  • the blend was spun into a filament employing conventional spinning techniques. After spinning and drawing, the filament was used to produce a fabric which was heat-set in accordance with the principles outlined above except the temperature was kept below about C.
  • melt temperatures of the blended polymers differ by about 10 C. or more.
  • the temperature and time and fluid pressure will vary depending on the polymeric materials, article size, shape, desired rigidity, mode of heat application and other variables. In general, it is necessary to apply heat without excessive degradation of sufficient intensity and duration at least as high as the melting point of the matrix component until the fabric yarns have fused to each other and the porosity reduced whereby differential air pressure may be imposed yet still retain the yarn or fabric identity.
  • fibers forming said yarn will fuse together individually in addition to fusion at the cross points of said fabric. Fusion can be achieved without undesirable flow and no sag when initially heated and before forming.
  • a process for permanently shaping textile articles from heat-shrinkable and heat-settable matrix fibers having a higher melting component dispersed throughout said matrix which comprises:

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US3673295D 1968-09-23 1970-10-30 Process for shaping textile articles using fluid thermoforming techniques Expired - Lifetime US3673295A (en)

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US8569270A 1970-10-30 1970-10-30

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975224A (en) * 1972-08-17 1976-08-17 Lutravil Spinnvlies Gmbh & Co. Dimensionally stable, high-tenacity non-woven webs and process
JPS5278970A (en) * 1975-12-26 1977-07-02 Ikeda Bussan Co Method and device for forming sheet material
US4053548A (en) * 1971-11-17 1977-10-11 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Fabrication process for multiphased plastics
US4222803A (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-09-16 Armstrong Cork Company Method of making fabric covered ceiling board
DE3505647A1 (de) * 1985-02-19 1986-08-21 Dura Tufting Gmbh, 6400 Fulda Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verformung von textilen flaechenverkleidungen
US4741941A (en) * 1985-11-04 1988-05-03 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven web with projections
US4775312A (en) * 1983-04-13 1988-10-04 Werzalit-Werke, J. F. Werz Kg Power press for the manufacture of profiled bodies
US4820561A (en) * 1983-01-06 1989-04-11 Raychem Corporation Recoverable article for encapsulation
US4934899A (en) * 1981-12-21 1990-06-19 United Technologies Corporation Method for containing particles in a rotary machine
US4973364A (en) * 1988-01-27 1990-11-27 Hoechest Celanese Corporation Process for the manufacture of a substantially wrinkle-free non-planar laminate and pre-laminate
WO1996009927A1 (de) * 1994-09-27 1996-04-04 Empe-Werke Ernst Pelz Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum herstellen eines formteiles, insbesondere einer innenverkleidung oder dergleichen für kraftfahrzeuge
US6210506B1 (en) * 1995-11-23 2001-04-03 Impak Marketing Limited Abrading material
US20060283749A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Mattel, Inc. Blister pack assemblies with lenticular lenses
US20080283177A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-11-20 Glain Michael L Tensioning device for composite structures
US20090065963A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-12 Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for tensioning composite material
US10124518B2 (en) * 2015-09-16 2018-11-13 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing decorative molded article

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2356948A (en) * 1940-06-14 1944-08-29 Wingfoot Corp Method for covering articles
GB899646A (en) * 1959-06-22 1962-06-27 S M Alexander And Company Ltd Improvements in vacuum forming
GB988370A (en) * 1960-10-17 1965-04-07 Monsanto Co Molding thermoplastic fabrics
US3218381A (en) * 1963-02-15 1965-11-16 Kendall & Co Process for making apertured non-woven fabric
US3324527A (en) * 1962-10-22 1967-06-13 Kendall & Co Methods of producing textured non-woven fabric

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2356948A (en) * 1940-06-14 1944-08-29 Wingfoot Corp Method for covering articles
GB899646A (en) * 1959-06-22 1962-06-27 S M Alexander And Company Ltd Improvements in vacuum forming
GB988370A (en) * 1960-10-17 1965-04-07 Monsanto Co Molding thermoplastic fabrics
US3324527A (en) * 1962-10-22 1967-06-13 Kendall & Co Methods of producing textured non-woven fabric
US3218381A (en) * 1963-02-15 1965-11-16 Kendall & Co Process for making apertured non-woven fabric

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053548A (en) * 1971-11-17 1977-10-11 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Fabrication process for multiphased plastics
US3975224A (en) * 1972-08-17 1976-08-17 Lutravil Spinnvlies Gmbh & Co. Dimensionally stable, high-tenacity non-woven webs and process
JPS5278970A (en) * 1975-12-26 1977-07-02 Ikeda Bussan Co Method and device for forming sheet material
JPS5737451B2 (xx) * 1975-12-26 1982-08-10
US4222803A (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-09-16 Armstrong Cork Company Method of making fabric covered ceiling board
US4934899A (en) * 1981-12-21 1990-06-19 United Technologies Corporation Method for containing particles in a rotary machine
US5599418A (en) * 1983-01-06 1997-02-04 Raychem Limited Method for making recoverable article for encapsulation
US4820561A (en) * 1983-01-06 1989-04-11 Raychem Corporation Recoverable article for encapsulation
US5002822A (en) * 1983-01-06 1991-03-26 Pithouse Kenneth B Recoverable article for encapsulation
US4775312A (en) * 1983-04-13 1988-10-04 Werzalit-Werke, J. F. Werz Kg Power press for the manufacture of profiled bodies
DE3505647A1 (de) * 1985-02-19 1986-08-21 Dura Tufting Gmbh, 6400 Fulda Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verformung von textilen flaechenverkleidungen
US4741941A (en) * 1985-11-04 1988-05-03 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven web with projections
US4973364A (en) * 1988-01-27 1990-11-27 Hoechest Celanese Corporation Process for the manufacture of a substantially wrinkle-free non-planar laminate and pre-laminate
WO1996009927A1 (de) * 1994-09-27 1996-04-04 Empe-Werke Ernst Pelz Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum herstellen eines formteiles, insbesondere einer innenverkleidung oder dergleichen für kraftfahrzeuge
US6210506B1 (en) * 1995-11-23 2001-04-03 Impak Marketing Limited Abrading material
US20060283749A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Mattel, Inc. Blister pack assemblies with lenticular lenses
US8146744B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2012-04-03 Mattel, Inc. Blister pack assemblies with lenticular lenses
US20080283177A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-11-20 Glain Michael L Tensioning device for composite structures
US8303757B2 (en) 2006-12-04 2012-11-06 The Boeing Company Tensioning device for composite structures
US8944128B2 (en) 2006-12-04 2015-02-03 The Boeing Company Device for tensioning a preform
US20090065963A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-12 Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for tensioning composite material
US7717694B2 (en) 2007-09-11 2010-05-18 Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for tensioning composite material
US10124518B2 (en) * 2015-09-16 2018-11-13 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing decorative molded article

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