US3672500A - Apparatus for grading particles according to their sphericity - Google Patents

Apparatus for grading particles according to their sphericity Download PDF

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Publication number
US3672500A
US3672500A US65963A US3672500DA US3672500A US 3672500 A US3672500 A US 3672500A US 65963 A US65963 A US 65963A US 3672500D A US3672500D A US 3672500DA US 3672500 A US3672500 A US 3672500A
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United States
Prior art keywords
particles
sphericity
periphery
grading
collecting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US65963A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael Richard Hayes
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/10—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects
    • B07B13/11—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects involving travel of particles over surfaces which separate by centrifugal force or by relative friction between particles and such surfaces, e.g. helical sorters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/14—Details or accessories
    • B07B13/16—Feed or discharge arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
    • Y10S209/91—Feed hopper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
    • Y10S209/931—Materials of construction

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Particles such as nuclear fuel particles, are graded according Aug' [969 Great Bmam "42'23u69 to their sphericity by feeding them at a controlled rate to the 152] U.S. Cl ..209/ll6 central region ofa rotating table and collecting them in a [5
  • a double 581 Field of Search 2091116117, us hopper System is Provided the lower one of which may be vibrated, so that particles can be fed by gravity one after the other to the table.
  • particles to be graded are fed to the upper region of a moving endless belt inclined to the horizontal plane, adjacent a fixed guide member which imparts a parabolic motion to the particles in contact with the belt surface.
  • the paths of the particles across the belt are such that according to the sphericity they terminate at different positions along the lower edge of the belt.
  • apparatus for the grading of particles according to their sphericity comprises a substantially horizontally disposed rotatable table mounted on a drive shaft coupled to drive means for rotating the table in one direction at a constant speed, feed means for feeding particles at a controlled rate to the center region of the upper surface of the table, fixed guide means extending obliquely with respect to the periphery of the table and contacting the upper surface of the table to guide particles off the surface of the table if such particles have not moved to the periphery of the table during one revolution thereof, collection means being provided around the periphery of the table for collecting particles dropping over the edge of the table, the feed means preferably comprising two hoppers one above the other, the upper one having an outlet dipping into the lower one and the lower one having a restricted opening discharging to the table.
  • the guide means are of flexible material where they contact the table and are capable of adjustment of their position and angle in relation to the upper surface of the table.
  • the guide means preferably is in two parts, a shorter part being located radially inwardly of the feed means and a longer part being located radially outwardly of the feed means so that particles deflected by the short part are caused to take up paths such that they are guided from the table by the long part.
  • FIG. I is a plan view of the apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the line lI-II of FIG. I.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a detail of FIG. 1.
  • a horizontally disposed rotatable disc shaped table 1 has means for rotating it in the direction indicated by the arrow A.
  • the table 1 has located above it and adjacent to its center a small hopper 2 which acts as the receptacle from which nuclear fuel particles to be graded according to their sphericity are fed to the table I.
  • the rate of feed of the nuclear fuel particles from the hopper 2 on to the table 1 is controlled by the internal diameter of a feed chute 3 at the base ofthe hopper2 allowing the particles to be graded to pass along it one alter the other, and by the amplitude of the vibra tion applied to the hopper from a 50 Hz vibrator 4 via a vibrator arm 5.
  • the hopper 2 has a flexible mounting 6 acting as a fulcrum. Nuclear fuel particles are fed to the hopper 2 from a main hopper 7 located above it, having an outlet 8 extending into the hopper 2. Particles only flow from the main hopper 7 to the hopper 2 when the level in the hopper 2 falls below the bottom of the outlet 8.
  • the arrangement of the hoppers 2 and 7 ensures that the level of nuclear fuel particles in the hopper 2 automatically remains constant and is independent of the level of the nuclear fuel particles in the main hopper 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows the support arrangement for each of the baffles 9 and 10, comprising a support shaft 11 and lower extremity of which is attached to a clamping member 12 extending the length of the baffle, in which flexible material 13 forming the baflle is located.
  • the lower edge of the flexible material contacts the surface of the table 1 and leads into the direction of rotation of the table 1, indicated by the arrow A.
  • Adjustment of the support shafts I1 enables the position and angle of the bafiles 9 and 10 to be adjusted in relation to the upper surface of the table I.
  • the table 1 is mounted on a drive shaft 14 which is coupled to a variable speed drive motor 15.
  • a collecting tray I6 Surrounding the periphery of the table I is a collecting tray I6 which is subdivided into sections 17 by vertical plates 18.
  • Each of the sections I7 has a sloping bottom (sloping in the direction of the arrow B) leading into a collecting chute 19, which leads into a collecting vessel 20.
  • nuclear fuel particles to be graded according to their sphericity are fed into the main hopper 7 and from there pass into the small hopper 2 which is vibrated by the 50 Hz vibrator 4 via the vibrator arm 5. Particles are thus fed one after the other from the hopper 2 along the feed chute 3 and are discharged on to the upper surface of the table 1. The particles are then carried round on the table 1 and at the same time roll outwards towards the edge of the table 1 as a result of centrifugal force, the rate of movement of the particles over the upper surface of the table 1 depending on the frictional forces acting between each particle and the surface of the table 1. These frictional forces are a function of the sphericity of the particle and of any surface faults, irregularities or flats which are present.
  • each particle moves towards the edge of the table 1 it is also accelerated circumferentially as a result of its continuously increasing radius of travel over the surface of the table 1.
  • Each particle is therefore rolling under the influence of two continuously increasing forces acting at right angles and thus the majority of the surface of each particle contacts the table 1 at some time during its travel from the center to the outer edge of the table 1.
  • those particles having good sphericity move rapidly to the edge of the table 1 following paths such as the dotted line C, in FIG. 1 whilst those particles having poorer sphericity and surface faults are carried further around the table 1 following paths such as the dotted lines C, and C, of FIG. 1.
  • Particles of yet poorer sphericity are carried even further around the table 1 following paths such as the dotted lines C and C, of FIG. l before ejection from the edge of the table I.
  • Particles with very poor shape will follow paths such as the dotted line C, in FIG. I or with broken particles and other debris will not move over the edge of the table 1 but will follow paths such as the dotted lines C and C in FIG. 1.
  • the deflector baffle 9 ensures that particles following the inner paths such as shown by the dotted line C are deflected outwards so that they take a path to meet the deflector baffle 10 and do not accumulate in the center of the table 1 where they could block the discharge of fresh particles from the feed chute 3.
  • the particles following paths such as shown by the dotted lines C and Q in FIG. I are diverted to the edge of the table 1 by the baflle l0 and are ejected from the edge of the table 1.
  • the particles ejected from the edge of the table 1 fall into one of the sections 17 of the collecting tray 16, according to their degree of sphericity and will pass into the associated collection chute l9 and from there into the associated collection vessel 20.
  • the rotating table 1 may be of Perspex (RTM) Bakelite" (RTM) or metal.
  • RTM Perspex
  • RTM Bakelite
  • metal In the case of tables of non conducting material such as Perspex or Bakelite the upper surface is rendered electrically conducting by the application of a film of a metallic nature or colloidal graphite. This is done in order to avoid the buildup of static charges on the surface of the table which can interfere with the free movement of the parti cles.
  • the speed of rotation of the table 1 may be in the range -50 revolutions per minute whilst table diameters within the range of l2-25 inches may be used, the larger diameter tables enabling a higher particle feed rate to be employed. Satisfactory baffles 9 and 10 are fabricated from 50 mm polyethylene sheet.
  • the apparatus described above is capable of accommodating a wide variety of particulate materials and sizes by varying the rate of rotation of the table 1, by adjusting the variable speed drive motor 15.
  • the position and angle of the baffles 9 and I0 and of the hopper system (2 and 7) can be adjusted to alter the selectivity of the method.
  • Apparatus for the grading of particles according to their sphericity comprising a substantially horizontally disposed rotatable table mounted on a drive shaft coupled to drive means for rotating said table in one direction at a constant speed, feed means for feeding particles at a controlled rate to the center region of the upper surface of the table, fixed guide means extending obliquely with respect to the periphery of the table and contacting the upper surface of the table to guide particles off the surface of the table if such particles have not moved to the periphery of the table during one revolution of the table, collection means being provided around the periphery of the table for collecting particles dropping over the edge of the table, said feed means comprising two hoppers one above the other, the upper one having an outlet dipping into the lower one and the lower one having a restricted opening discharging to the table.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said collecting means has a plurality of sections for collecting particles leav ing the table over a corresponding plurality of arcs of the periphery of the table.

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  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
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  • Feeding Of Articles To Conveyors (AREA)
US65963A 1969-08-25 1970-08-21 Apparatus for grading particles according to their sphericity Expired - Lifetime US3672500A (en)

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GB4223169 1969-08-25

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US (1) US3672500A (ro)
DE (1) DE2041851A1 (ro)
FR (1) FR2060671A5 (ro)
GB (1) GB1297788A (ro)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4538735A (en) * 1981-09-23 1985-09-03 Shell Oil Company Apparatus for separating solids of different shapes
EP0192479A2 (en) * 1985-02-21 1986-08-27 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Method and apparatus for mechanically classifying rolling bodies
WO1989002320A1 (en) * 1987-09-17 1989-03-23 Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Method and apparatus for friction sorting of particulate materials
US4839033A (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-06-13 Ichinoseki National College Of Technology Apparatus for separating spherical from non-spherical particles
FR2635475A1 (en) * 1987-09-17 1990-02-23 Cyprus Ind Minerals Corp Method and apparatus for sorting particulate materials by friction
US4986424A (en) * 1985-10-23 1991-01-22 Europeenne De Retraitement Process and apparatus for separating materials of different shapes or sizes
US5080235A (en) * 1990-09-27 1992-01-14 Cyprus Mines Corporation Small particle separator
AU622671B2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1992-04-16 Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Method and apparatus for friction sorting of particulate materials
US5287391A (en) * 1992-02-15 1994-02-15 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Metering system
US5630554A (en) * 1995-02-21 1997-05-20 Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. Method of separating and recovering valuable metals and non-metals from composite materials
US20070072527A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Shape controlled abrasive article and method
US20100326894A1 (en) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of sorting abrasive particles, abrasive particle distributions, and abrasive articles including the same
US9481824B2 (en) 2012-06-29 2016-11-01 Rebecca Ayers Process for producing a proppant
US10350642B2 (en) * 2015-11-13 2019-07-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of shape sorting crushed abrasive particles
CN113351467A (zh) * 2020-03-04 2021-09-07 清华大学 一种球形燃料颗粒振动分选装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1486862A (en) * 1975-04-03 1977-09-28 Vacu Blast Ltd Classification of particles
FR2415949A1 (fr) * 1978-01-31 1979-08-31 Darbonne Ste Civile Trieur pour plants
GB2313071A (en) * 1996-05-14 1997-11-19 Biomass Recycling Ltd Material separating system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US468066A (en) * 1892-02-02 Separator
US1030042A (en) * 1910-03-23 1912-06-18 George W Wilmot Apparatus for separating refuse from coal.
US1058259A (en) * 1912-08-21 1913-04-08 Samuel T Pratt Coal-separator.
US3485360A (en) * 1967-08-11 1969-12-23 Atomic Energy Commission Particle separator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US468066A (en) * 1892-02-02 Separator
US1030042A (en) * 1910-03-23 1912-06-18 George W Wilmot Apparatus for separating refuse from coal.
US1058259A (en) * 1912-08-21 1913-04-08 Samuel T Pratt Coal-separator.
US3485360A (en) * 1967-08-11 1969-12-23 Atomic Energy Commission Particle separator

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4538735A (en) * 1981-09-23 1985-09-03 Shell Oil Company Apparatus for separating solids of different shapes
EP0192479A2 (en) * 1985-02-21 1986-08-27 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Method and apparatus for mechanically classifying rolling bodies
EP0192479A3 (en) * 1985-02-21 1986-12-30 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Method and apparatus for mechanically classifying rolling bodies
US4986424A (en) * 1985-10-23 1991-01-22 Europeenne De Retraitement Process and apparatus for separating materials of different shapes or sizes
US4839033A (en) * 1987-08-07 1989-06-13 Ichinoseki National College Of Technology Apparatus for separating spherical from non-spherical particles
WO1989002320A1 (en) * 1987-09-17 1989-03-23 Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Method and apparatus for friction sorting of particulate materials
GR880100622A (el) * 1987-09-17 1989-06-22 Cyprus Ind Minerals Corp Μεθοδος και συσκευη δια ταξινομηση δια τριβης λεπτομεμερισμενων υλικων.
FR2635475A1 (en) * 1987-09-17 1990-02-23 Cyprus Ind Minerals Corp Method and apparatus for sorting particulate materials by friction
US5069346A (en) * 1987-09-17 1991-12-03 Cyprus Mines Corporation Method and apparatus for friction sorting of particulate materials
AU622671B2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1992-04-16 Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Method and apparatus for friction sorting of particulate materials
US5080235A (en) * 1990-09-27 1992-01-14 Cyprus Mines Corporation Small particle separator
US5287391A (en) * 1992-02-15 1994-02-15 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Metering system
US5630554A (en) * 1995-02-21 1997-05-20 Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. Method of separating and recovering valuable metals and non-metals from composite materials
US20070072527A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Shape controlled abrasive article and method
US7556558B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2009-07-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Shape controlled abrasive article and method
US20100326894A1 (en) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of sorting abrasive particles, abrasive particle distributions, and abrasive articles including the same
US8628597B2 (en) 2009-06-25 2014-01-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of sorting abrasive particles, abrasive particle distributions, and abrasive articles including the same
US8961632B2 (en) 2009-06-25 2015-02-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of sorting abrasive particles, abrasive particle distributions, and abrasive articles including the same
US9481824B2 (en) 2012-06-29 2016-11-01 Rebecca Ayers Process for producing a proppant
US10350642B2 (en) * 2015-11-13 2019-07-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of shape sorting crushed abrasive particles
CN113351467A (zh) * 2020-03-04 2021-09-07 清华大学 一种球形燃料颗粒振动分选装置
CN113351467B (zh) * 2020-03-04 2023-01-20 清华大学 一种球形燃料颗粒振动分选装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2041851A1 (de) 1971-03-11
FR2060671A5 (ro) 1971-06-18
GB1297788A (ro) 1972-11-29

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