US3670504A - Fabric containment constructions - Google Patents

Fabric containment constructions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3670504A
US3670504A US702925A US3670504DA US3670504A US 3670504 A US3670504 A US 3670504A US 702925 A US702925 A US 702925A US 3670504D A US3670504D A US 3670504DA US 3670504 A US3670504 A US 3670504A
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Prior art keywords
fabric
dual
concrete
water
wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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US702925A
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English (en)
Inventor
John T Hayes
Robert G Currier
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Collins and Aikman Corp
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Collins and Aikman Corp
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D11/02—Fabrics formed with pockets, tubes, loops, folds, tucks or flaps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A dual-wall fabric is provided, with integrally woven drop stitches connecting opposite walls thereof, the fabric being adapted to receive a filler material between walls thereof, the filler material being preferably cast therein, such as concrete, and the fabric walls being of desired materials and weaves to yield desired porosities.
  • the walls may be constructed of a material having a specific gravity less than water, to facilitate floating of the same in water.
  • reinforcing rods may be interspersed between the connecting drop stitches.
  • the dual-wall fabric, or a single-wall fabric may be anchored along beaches, canals and the like, into canopy-like configurations or structures, which structures may be filled with sand or other natural fill, the mound or sand bar thus formed being then covered by a concrete-like material.
  • concrete may be pumped between the fabric walls, to provide aconcrete-like outer encasement for the sand bar or the like thus formed.
  • Dual-wall fabric constructions in themselves, are known in the prior art, even those having integrally woven connecting threads, such as are used for inflatable mattresses and the like.
  • the prior art is devoid of any teaching of utilizing a dual-walled fabric construction having integral drop-stitch thread connections, and which is filled with a filler material, preferably of the structural type, such as cast concrete, grout, cement or the like, or even plastics or foams.
  • the prior art is devoid of any teaching of a dual-walled fabric having integral connecting threads, wherein the fabric, in its finished form is porous, to permit the passage therethrough of moisture from a castable, filler material, such as concrete or the like.
  • a dual-walled or even single-walled fabrics having specific gravity less than water to utilize the effect of the buoyancy of such fabrics in water in order to maintain a canopy-like shape of a fabric sheet during the filling of the same with a natural fill, such as sand, for purposes of constructing sand bars, sea walls, groins, cofier dams and the like, is nowhere taught in the prior art.
  • the present invention seeks to obviate and overcome the above and other deficiencies in prior art dual-wall fabric constructions for structural purposes and erosion control techniques, in providing a dual-wall fabric having connecting threads integrally woven therewith, which is adapted to receive a concrete or similar fill material therein, and which permits water drainage therethrough of the concrete during setting, with various types of drop-stitch weave constructions for desirably balancing stresses, and with reinforcing rods being optionally provided.
  • the fabric may be constructed to have one or more walls of a material, such as polypropylene, which has a specific gravity less than that of water, such that the buoyant effect of water would normally tend to float the fabric in water. Accordingly, by desirably anchoring such a fabric, either of single or of dual-wall construction, such that it is sufficiently loose to tend to float, and assume an arcuate shape or configuration, the fabric may then be filled either by pumping the fabric with sand or other natural fill, or by utilizing a fabric mesh of sufficiently loose construction to permit the passage of sand therethrough, whereby the fabric dome or the like may be filled by the natural motion of sand or other natural fill along the sea floor.
  • a material such as polypropylene
  • the anchoring means can comprise concretefilled fabric tubes which are connected longitudinally to the dome shaped fabric construction, along edges thereof adjacent the sea floor. If the fabric surface is of double-walled construction, the same may be pumped full of concrete or the like, after the dome shaped construction is filled with sand, and after hardening of the concrete, the structure is substantially permanent. If the fabric material of the dome construction is of single-wall thickness, a concrete or the like overcovering may be provided for the dome or sand bar thus formed.
  • a vertical wall may be formed by a sheet of loosely woven'mesh, which is anchored at one end against the sea floor, whereby sand can gradually accumulate against sides of the sea wall, to form a sand bar or the like, the bar being adapted to be then made permanent by receiving an over-covering of concrete or the like, if desired.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary top perspective view of a dualwalled fabric of this invention, wherein integral connecting drop-stitch strands are illustrated disposed at acute angles to the opposed fabric walls.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic view of the dual-walled fabric of FIG. 1, as it would appear in view taken along the line H II of FIG. 1, looking transverse of the machine direction of weave, with the connecting strands being of repetitive generally X-shaped configuration, with a portion of the view being generally indicative of the appearance of the dual-walled fabric construction when the same is filled with concrete or the like.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic end view of the dual-walled fabric of FIG. 1, taken generally in the machine direction along the line III III of FIG. 1, wherein the vertical disposition of the angularly disposed connecting strands, as viewed endwise, is clearly illustrated.
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3, but of a dual-walled fabric construction, wherein a plurality of connecting strands are aligned, transversely of the machine in side-by-side relation, to yield a tape-like connecting stitch or web construction.
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2, of a drop-stitch construction having connecting strands angularly disposed in repetitive X-shaped configuration, to provide connecting stitches, of web form, sufficient for withstanding to a large degree, pressures which would tend to separate opposed fabric layers resulting from applying a fill between the opposed fabric layers, but wherein there are illustrated reinforcing rods, disposed throughout the connecting strands, between the fabric walls.
  • FIG. 6 there is illustrated a side view of a dual-walled fabric construction in schematic form, generally similar to that of FIG. 2, but wherein the individual connecting strands are disposed at right angles to each of the opposed fabric walls.
  • FIG. 7 there is illustrated in side view a preliminary stage of formation of the fabric constructions of FIGS. 2 and 5, prior to separation of the opposed fabric layers.
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary top perspective view of an artificially formed sand bar formed of a dual-walled fabric of this invention which is provided with concrete-filled fabric tubes as anchoring means for the fabric during filling of the space between the fabric and ocean floor with sand or the like, the dual-walled fabric being later filled with concrete or the like, between its opposed walls to result in a permanent structure, with an end portion of similar construction also being illus trated.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken generally along the line IX IX of FIG. 8, wherein the dualwalled fabric of construction of the bar of FIG. 8 is more clearly illustrated. 1
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view, in schematic form, of an underwater artificial sand bar formation, utilizing a floatable fabric of single-walled construction, the bar structure being otherwise similar to that of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater sea-wall construction, in schematic form, wherein the sea-wall is maintained in vertical position due to the buoyant effect of the water thereon, while sand accumulates about the lower anchored end of the sea wall.
  • FIG. 1 wherein there is illustrated a dual-wall fabric construction, generally designated by the numeral 15, which comprises spaced upper and lower walls or layers 16 and 17, respectively.
  • the upper wall 16 of the construction 15, as illustrated is preferably of a loose weave construction the fibrous material being of any suitable material, such as nylon, polyethylene, foamed polypropylene, or foamed nylon, but preferably of polypropylene fibers, particularly if the fabric is to be used underwater, in applications where it may be desirable to vertically separate the upper layer 16 from the lower layer 17. In the latter instance, the water would have a buoyant effect on the polypropylene layer 16, due to the specific gravity (0.9) of polypropylene, as compared to that of water 1.0).
  • the lower wall or layer 17 may be of a more tightly woven I fibrous construction, as illustrated, if porosity of this lower layer is not desirable, as for example, if the lower layer is to be used for sand containment, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the fibrous materials from which the lower layer 17 is constructed may be nylon, or similar materials if desired.
  • a plurality of connecting strands 18 comprise stitches of the drop-stitch type, the strands 18 being integrally woven into the dual-wall fabric 15, and comprising the same material as that of the upper wall or layer 16.
  • the connecting strands 18 are also of polypropylene. It will be noted that there is a high density of connecting strands 18 between the walls or layers 16 and l7,for purposes of distributing tensions and pressures, in a manner to be described below.
  • each strand comprises a dropped warp strand, and is connected to or woven around transverse strands in each of the upper and lower layers 16 and 17, respectively.
  • the transverse spacing of the drop strands 18, 18, 18", etc. across the machine, during formation of the dual-wall fabric 15 may be altered, as desired, to increase the transverse density of the drop strands, as desired.
  • the dual-wall fabric 15 is filled with concrete 21.
  • concrete is to be understood that the term concrete” is to be construed as being sufficiently broad to encompass cement, grout, mortar, and other similar materials.
  • the concrete 21 may be pumped or otherwise placed between the layers 16 and 17 of the dual-walled fabric 15, in wet form, and allowed to set or become cast" therebetween, such pumping possibly exerting high pressures tending to separate or more greatly space the upper and lower walls or layers 16 and 17, respectively. The greater such pressure from pumping concrete 21 into the fabric 15, the more dense should be the placement of connecting strands 18.
  • the upper layer 16 may be less dense than a lower layer 17, with respect to the weave construction, in order that the upper layer 16 may be more porous, to permit the passage of moisture or water therethrough as the concrete 21 becomes set or cast.
  • both upper and lower layers 16 and 17 may be sufficiently porous for this purpose, but in some instances, if the fabric 15 is to be used as an uppermost covering for an artificial sand bar, such as that of the type illustrated inFIG. 8, it is most desirable to have a lower fabric surface 17 of tight weave construction, to retain sand particles therein, but to have an upper fabric layer 16 of loose weave construction, to contain the concrete therein, but to permit the passage of excess water therethrough.
  • the fill need not be concrete 21, but in many instances and applications the filling material may desirably be a suitable hardenable plastic, or foam, such as polyurethane foam. However, regardless of the filling material, foam, plastic, concrete or the like, such will have sufficient qualities for immersion of the connecting strands 18 therein.
  • a plurality of strands 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 may be aligned in side-by-side relation, threaded into a repetitive X-shaped side view configuration as illustrated in FIG. 2, if desired, the end view configuration of FIG. 4 being particularly illustrative of an embodiment whereby several connecting strands 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 are operative, each similar to an individual connecting strand 18, but wherein the several strands cooperate to form a tape-like connecting stitch or web between spaced upper and lower fabric walls 27 and 28, respectively.
  • FIG. 5 there is illustrated a dual-wall fabric, generally designated by the numeral 30, similar to that 15 of FIG. 2, and having spaced upper and lower walls or layers 31 and 32, respectively, interconnected by drop threads or strands 33, also disposed at acute angles with respect to the upper and lower walls 31 and 32.
  • a plurali ty of reinforcing rods 34, 35, 36 and 37, are illustrated disposed in spaced relation to each of the walls 31 and 32, and
  • a structure such as that 30, may be used for other construction purposes, being reinforced with steel or iron rods, cables or the like, if desired, prior to filling the fabric 30 with concrete (not shown) or other filler material.
  • Such rods may be hollow for carrying power and communciation wires and cables, water pipes, steam lines, etc.
  • FIG. 6 there is illustrated another alternative embodiment of a dual-wall fabric 40 comprising upper and lower layers 41 and 42, connected by individual or plural strands 43, disposed between the layers 41 and 42, at substantially right angles to the plane of each of the layers 41 and 42, such strands 43 being formed by a straight through drop stitch method, should the same be desirable.
  • the dual-wall fabric 40 may also be filled with concrete or the like, as desired.
  • FIG. 7 there is illustrated a basic weave formation 50 used to attain the dual wall fabrics or 30 of FIGS. 2 or 5, respectively, having opposed layers 51 and 52 connected by drop strands 53, illustrated at small acute angles with respect to the layers 51 and 52, prior to separation of the layers 51 and 52 an amount such as those layers 31 and 32 of FIG. 5, for example, and thus prior to the strands 53 taking on the X-shaped configuration of the strands 33 of FIG. 5.
  • the strands 53 may be woven with various heights of gage wires 54, depending upon the number of crossings of the gage wires 54 and the height of the gage.
  • the distance between the fabric layers 50 and 51 can be any desired height, to attain the desired layer spacing of FIG. 5, for example. A normal distance between the layers 31 and 32 would be within the range 0.5 to 24 inches.
  • an artificially fonned sand bar or the like generally designated by the numeral 60, disposed substantially entirely beneath the upper surface 61 of water 62, as on a beach or the like, having a floor or lower surface 63, of sand or like natural fill material.
  • the bar 60 is adapted for channels, beaches, or the like, and may have an uppermost portion protruding out of the water 62, above the surface 61 thereof, as illustrated, if desired.
  • the bar 60 is formed by a canopy 64 being provided, of a plurality of longitudinal portions 65 of a dual-wall fabric 15, (as illustrated in FIG. 1) stitched together along seams 66, and along opposite longitudinal edges 67 and 68 thereof having tubular fabric portions connected thereto as by stitching, or the like.
  • Such tubular fabric portions are designated by the numerals 70 and 71, respectively.
  • an end cover 72 which also comprises a plurality of fabric portions 73, stitched together along seams 74 and along the arcuate edge 75 at the ends of each of the portions 65, to close the end thereof.
  • a tubular fabric construction 76 stitched thereto along a edge 77 thereof, similar to those tubular members 70 and 71 stitched along the sides of the canopy 64.
  • the entire fabric construction illustrated may be prefabricated, and carried to the area of installation, as on a boat or the like, from which is may be dropped into the water 62, onto the sand surface 63, the tubular portions 70, 71 and 76, being pumped full of concrete or the like, to provide weighted portions, for retaining the canopy 64 in position. Due to the lighter-thanwater material of construction of the canopy 65, or at least of the upper surface 16 thereof, the buoyant effect of water thereon will tend to fill out the shape of the canopy 64 into a generally arcuate configuration, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the dual-wall fabric 15, as illustrated in FIG. 9, may then be pumped full of concrete or the like, between the two layers 16 and 17, whereby the connecting strands 18 will be immersed therein, the water 61 which is present between the layers 16 and 17 being forced outwardly through the loosely woven or porous layer 16, as the dual-wall fabric fills with concrete 21.
  • the sand bar 60 Upon setting of the concrete 21, and setting of the concrete which fills the tubular fabric portions 70, 71 and 76, the sand bar 60 becomes a substantially permanent construction. It will be apparent, that the length of the sand bar 60 may be set as desired, the individual fabric strips 65 being capable of manufacture to the desired length of a particular sand bar 60 to be constructed.
  • FIG. 10 there is illustrated a fabric construction 80, generally similar to the canopy 64 of FIG. 8, having tubular portions 82 and 83 stitched or otherwise secured to opposite longitudinal edges thereof, but wherein the fabric material between the tubular portions 82 and 83 comprises a single thickness sheet of polypropylene or other lighter-than-water materials, or even a dual-wall fabric if the same is desired.
  • the fabric construction 80 if placed into the water 84, with the tubular portions 82 and 83 on the bottom surface or beach floor 85 thereof, and the tubular portions 82 and 83 are again weighted, as by pumping them full of concrete or like filler.
  • the buoyant effect of the water 84 on the polypropylene or other light sheet 81 then permits the sheet 81 to take on the form illustrated in FIG. 10, to be of arcuate construction.
  • the particular weave of the sheet 81 permits water currents, tidal waters, or the like to carry sand or other natural bottom fill 86 through the loose weave of the sheet 81, such that it will gradually fill the void 87 beneath the arcuate sheet or canopy 81 until the sand takes on an inverted U-shaped configuration. If a temporary bar is desired, the structure may remain as illustrated in FIG. 10, or in the event that a permanent sand bar is desired, the surface 81 may be then covered with concrete-filled dual-wall fabrics such as the type illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 11 there is illustrated an alternative construction, for fomiing a sea-wall, wherein a sheet 90 of loosely woven polypropylene or other lighter-than-water material is provided, having secured thereto at a lower end, a tubular fabric construction 91, which when filled with concrete or other suitable material and placed on the beach floor 92, beneath the water 93, tends to anchor the sheet 90 in a vertical position, the water having a buoyant effect on the material of construction of the sheet 90.
  • tubular fabric member 94 may be provided, secured to the uppermost end of the sheet 90, which may be filled with polystyrene or other buoyant pellets 95, or the like, to also facilitate maintaining the sheet 90 in vertical disposition, again utilizing the buoyant effect of the water on the pellets 95 to retain the tubular member 94 directed toward the upper surface 96 of the water.
  • polystyrene or other buoyant pellets 95 or the like
  • sand or other natural fill 97 is conveyed along the beach surface 92, to accumulate the same on opposite sides of the surface 90, around the weighted portion 91, such sand 97 gradually accumulating upwardly, as illustrated, to form a sea wall, which may then be made permanent, as by covering the same with concrete-filled dual-wall fabric constructions, such as the type illustrated in FIG. 2, if desired.
  • tubular fabric portions 70, 71, 76, 82, 83, and 91 may be of nylon construction or the like, where the specific gravity of the same is not critical.
  • vent points in a dual-wall fabric construction such may be made by inserting a hollow rubber, or polystyrene, or like ball, between the walls of a fabric, such that, after the dual-wall fabric is grouted, or otherwise filled with concrete, the ball may be punctured, thereby providing a hole for securing any desired attachment devices to the concrete, such method of making vent points being substantially less expensive than drilling through concrete.
  • an advantageous feature of this invention resides in the fact that the restrictive length of the drop threads or connecting strands prevents ballooning of the opposite fabric walls during the filling of the same with concrete, any of the styrenes, foamable materials such as polyurethane, or the like, the strands also being operative for purposes of balancing the stresses which would tend toward expansion of the distance between the opposite fabric layers.
  • those strands or layer fibers or both may be nylon, to eliminate any attendent degradation problem.
  • a dual-wall fabric for use in combatting soil erosion such as in the construction of underwater dams, comprising a pair of opposed woven fabric layers having drop stitches woven integrally with and connecting said layers, said opposed layers being constructed of materials which have dissimilar specific gravity characteristics which are respectively greater and less than that of the water with which the fabric is to be used, such that the fabric, when immersed in water and expanded between the layers, one said layer is disposed buoyantly uppennost in the water and the other said layer is spaced by gravity from the one said layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US702925A 1968-02-05 1968-02-05 Fabric containment constructions Expired - Lifetime US3670504A (en)

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US70292568A 1968-02-05 1968-02-05

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US (1) US3670504A (nl)
BE (1) BE727881A (nl)
DE (2) DE6903057U (nl)
FR (1) FR2001333A1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1237602A (nl)
NL (1) NL6901348A (nl)

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US3837169A (en) * 1972-10-10 1974-09-24 B Lamberton Reinforced mattress for protecting shorelines and the like
US4102137A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-07-25 Mauricio Porraz Coating and protective device
US4181450A (en) * 1976-04-02 1980-01-01 Akzona Incorporated Erosion control matting
US4483640A (en) * 1981-09-09 1984-11-20 Berger Robert C Erosion control device
US4530622A (en) * 1982-12-23 1985-07-23 P.L.G. Research Limited Retaining fill in a geotechnical structure
EP0251217A2 (de) * 1986-07-02 1988-01-07 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding GmbH Gehäusebauteil aus laminiertem Mehrlagengewebe
FR2602248A1 (fr) * 1986-08-01 1988-02-05 Brochier Sa Structure textile multidimensionnelle pour le renforcement de materiaux stratifies et procede et metier a tisser permettant l'obtention d'une telle structure
US4770561A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-09-13 Holmberg Dick L Shoreline erosion control devices
EP0317589A1 (en) * 1987-05-25 1989-05-31 Foreshore Protection Pty Limited Revetment mattress
EP0320715A2 (de) * 1987-12-15 1989-06-21 MEHLER VARIO SYSTEM GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sandwich-Leichtbaustoffs
US4853269A (en) * 1985-01-30 1989-08-01 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fabric form consisting of multilayer fabric and composite structure made by using fabric form
US4889446A (en) * 1985-01-17 1989-12-26 Holmberg Dick L Erosion control foundation mat and method
US4913094A (en) * 1988-08-08 1990-04-03 Jones Barton G Artificial reef system
US4954013A (en) * 1987-06-12 1990-09-04 Jacquelyn Lamberton Means and method for stabilizing shorelines
DE3911637A1 (de) * 1989-04-10 1990-10-11 Herbert Wolf Kuestenschutz
US5158395A (en) * 1985-01-17 1992-10-27 Holmberg Dick L Erosion control foundation mat and method
WO2001009419A1 (en) * 1999-07-31 2001-02-08 K.U. Leuven Research & Development 3-d sandwich preforms and a method to provide the same
US6263183B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2001-07-17 Xerox Corporation Woven belts for business machines
ES2258408A1 (es) * 2005-03-14 2006-08-16 Catalana D'innovacions Per La Construccio, S.L. Procedimiento y dispositivo para la realizacion de excavaciones de forma general paralelepipedica.
US20090078186A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Stefano Rista Inflatable kayak type boat and method for making same
US20100024343A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-02-04 Betafence Holding Nv Gabion
US20130322789A1 (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Gold-Joint Industry Co., Ltd. Geotextile container
WO2013076464A3 (en) * 2011-11-21 2013-12-05 University Of Ulster Woven formwork for construction
US8950160B1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2015-02-10 Preferred Inspections, Inc. Mortar packages and single-person method of using mortar packages for masonry construction
EP3231635A1 (en) * 2016-04-13 2017-10-18 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Shear band and non-pneumatic tire
US11199014B2 (en) 2017-04-04 2021-12-14 Reigstad & Associates, Inc. Load-carrying concrete floor structure and method for building the load-carrying concrete floor structure
US20220243452A1 (en) * 2021-02-03 2022-08-04 Lab Bell LLC Concrete building construction using supported, fillable structures

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FR2297959A1 (fr) * 1975-01-17 1976-08-13 Porraz Mauricio Perfectionnements aux elements modulaires de construction d'ouvrages hydrauliques et subaquatique
DE2908077A1 (de) * 1979-03-02 1980-09-11 Horst W Haidn Verfahren zur kuestensicherung
EP0060578A1 (en) * 1981-03-13 1982-09-22 Akzo N.V. Method of forming an elevation partially or entirely under water, an elevation formed by this method and a boundary means to be used for the formation of the elevation
DD201471A1 (de) * 1981-10-16 1983-07-20 Rolf Arnold Bauelement fuer den erd-,grund-und wasserbau
EP0362193B1 (de) * 1988-09-28 1992-12-02 Girmes Gmbh Verfahren zur Abdichtung gegen die Durchdringung von Flüssigkeit und/oder Gasen
DE4405523A1 (de) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co Schalungsmatte und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mechanischen Schutzes
GB2317622A (en) * 1996-09-28 1998-04-01 Wright M & Sons Ltd Anti-ballistic fabric

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US3396545A (en) * 1965-04-07 1968-08-13 Tech Inc Const Method of forming concrete bodies
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US4181450A (en) * 1976-04-02 1980-01-01 Akzona Incorporated Erosion control matting
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US5158395A (en) * 1985-01-17 1992-10-27 Holmberg Dick L Erosion control foundation mat and method
US4889446A (en) * 1985-01-17 1989-12-26 Holmberg Dick L Erosion control foundation mat and method
US4853269A (en) * 1985-01-30 1989-08-01 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fabric form consisting of multilayer fabric and composite structure made by using fabric form
US4770561A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-09-13 Holmberg Dick L Shoreline erosion control devices
EP0251217A3 (en) * 1986-07-02 1990-03-07 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh Building element made from a laminated multilayer fabric
EP0251217A2 (de) * 1986-07-02 1988-01-07 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding GmbH Gehäusebauteil aus laminiertem Mehrlagengewebe
EP0258102A3 (fr) * 1986-08-01 1990-10-17 Brochier S.A. Matériau stratifié renforcé par une structure textile multidimensionnelle et son obtention
EP0258102A2 (fr) * 1986-08-01 1988-03-02 Brochier S.A. Matériau stratifié renforcé par une structure textile multidimensionnelle et son obtention
FR2602248A1 (fr) * 1986-08-01 1988-02-05 Brochier Sa Structure textile multidimensionnelle pour le renforcement de materiaux stratifies et procede et metier a tisser permettant l'obtention d'une telle structure
US5021281A (en) * 1986-08-01 1991-06-04 Brochier S.A. Laminated material reinforced by a multi-dimensional textile structure and method for producing the same
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US4954013A (en) * 1987-06-12 1990-09-04 Jacquelyn Lamberton Means and method for stabilizing shorelines
EP0320715A2 (de) * 1987-12-15 1989-06-21 MEHLER VARIO SYSTEM GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sandwich-Leichtbaustoffs
US4971642A (en) * 1987-12-15 1990-11-20 Mehler Vario System Gmbh Method of making a sandwich lightweight construction material
EP0320715A3 (de) * 1987-12-15 1991-10-16 MEHLER VARIO SYSTEM GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sandwich-Leichtbaustoffs
US4913094A (en) * 1988-08-08 1990-04-03 Jones Barton G Artificial reef system
DE3911637A1 (de) * 1989-04-10 1990-10-11 Herbert Wolf Kuestenschutz
WO2001009419A1 (en) * 1999-07-31 2001-02-08 K.U. Leuven Research & Development 3-d sandwich preforms and a method to provide the same
US6733211B1 (en) 1999-07-31 2004-05-11 K.U. Leuven Research & Development 3-D sandwich preforms and a method to provide the same
US6263183B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2001-07-17 Xerox Corporation Woven belts for business machines
ES2258408A1 (es) * 2005-03-14 2006-08-16 Catalana D'innovacions Per La Construccio, S.L. Procedimiento y dispositivo para la realizacion de excavaciones de forma general paralelepipedica.
WO2006100325A2 (es) * 2005-03-14 2006-09-28 Catalana D'innovacions Per La Construcció, S.L. Procedimiento y dispositivo para la realización de excavaciones de forma general paralelepipédica
WO2006100325A3 (es) * 2005-03-14 2006-11-23 Catalana D Innovacions Per La Procedimiento y dispositivo para la realización de excavaciones de forma general paralelepipédica
US20090078186A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Stefano Rista Inflatable kayak type boat and method for making same
US7861662B2 (en) * 2007-09-21 2011-01-04 Walker Bay Boats, Inc. Inflatable kayak type boat and method for making same
US20100024343A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-02-04 Betafence Holding Nv Gabion
WO2013076464A3 (en) * 2011-11-21 2013-12-05 University Of Ulster Woven formwork for construction
US20130322789A1 (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Gold-Joint Industry Co., Ltd. Geotextile container
US9011005B2 (en) * 2012-05-29 2015-04-21 Gold-Joint Industry Co., Ltd. Geotextile container
US8950160B1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2015-02-10 Preferred Inspections, Inc. Mortar packages and single-person method of using mortar packages for masonry construction
EP3231635A1 (en) * 2016-04-13 2017-10-18 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Shear band and non-pneumatic tire
US11318790B2 (en) 2016-04-13 2022-05-03 The Goodyear Tire & Robber Company Shear band and non-pneumatic tire
US11199014B2 (en) 2017-04-04 2021-12-14 Reigstad & Associates, Inc. Load-carrying concrete floor structure and method for building the load-carrying concrete floor structure
US20220243452A1 (en) * 2021-02-03 2022-08-04 Lab Bell LLC Concrete building construction using supported, fillable structures
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE727881A (nl) 1969-07-16
DE6903057U (de) 1973-06-14
FR2001333A1 (nl) 1969-09-26
GB1237602A (en) 1971-06-30
DE1903948A1 (de) 1969-08-14
NL6901348A (nl) 1969-08-07

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