US3669846A - Process for obtaining and preserving stable bacterial variants - Google Patents

Process for obtaining and preserving stable bacterial variants Download PDF

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US3669846A
US3669846A US21765A US3669846DA US3669846A US 3669846 A US3669846 A US 3669846A US 21765 A US21765 A US 21765A US 3669846D A US3669846D A US 3669846DA US 3669846 A US3669846 A US 3669846A
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Yvonne Thuillier
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Laboratoires Albert Rolland SA
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    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/01—Preparation of mutants without inserting foreign genetic material therein; Screening processes therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
    • Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
    • Y10S435/873—Proteus

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  • the invention provides a process for obtaining and preserving stable bacterial variants arising from pathogenic or nonpathogenic bacteria, the said process comprising subjecting the bacteria, in an acellular medium, at the moment of scissipan'ty, to the action of an inducing agent, especially plasmolysis by osmotic shock, so as to do away with the cell wall, and culturing the variants obtained on an osmotically equilibrated acellular nutrient medium.
  • the bacterial variants so obtained can be used for the preparation of vaccines and of reagents for sew-diagnostics and the identification of germs of atypical illnesses.
  • the present invention relates to a process for obtaining and preserving stable bacterial variants from bacteria, the said bacterial variants reproducing with a completely different morphology from that of the bacteria from which they originated.
  • L forms were long considered to be the result of laboratory manipulations and hence to be artificial creations. However, it proved possible to observe the existence of normal bacteria in L forms arising spontaneously in the case of certain micro-organisms which possess an extreme polymorphism viz. Haverhillia moniliformis and Spherophorus funduliformis, the agents of post-angina septicaemia in man.
  • PIERCE, DIENES, KLIENEBERGER and TULASNE succeeded in achieving, in the laboratory, the transformation into the L forms of numerous bacteria, both bacilli and cocci: e.g. Salmonella, Shigella, Typhus, Clostridia, Gonococcus, Streptococcus and para-influenza, the result being achieved by the action of penicillin.
  • antibiotics which act on the bacterial wall (bacitracin and cycloserine), chemical agents (glycine at high concentration), enzymes which cause lysis (lysozyme and lysostaphine), physical agents (ultraviolet radiations) and biological agents (phages, antibodies plus complement).
  • Protoplasts In order to describe a particular type of L forms, the concept of protoplasts and of spheroplasts was introduced.
  • Protoplasts this being a term of botanical origin given by WEIBULL and McGUILLEN, are globular organisms originating from bacteria as a result of the action of penicillin or of lysozyme.
  • Spheroplasts are the L forms of characteristic globular morphology, originating from bacteria into which they may reconvert when the inducing agent which has caused the transformation into the L forms, (e.g. treatment with benzyl-penicillin or other penicillins, with cyloserine, lysozyme at pH 8.8, or lysozyme in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and Tris buffer), is removed.
  • the L forms of the bacteria are, in general terms defined as globular elements originating from bacteria of which the wall has been modified or completely removed by various factors. They can give rise to colonies of two different types, types L3B and L3A according to DIENES. From a morphological point of view, the organisms show polymorphism, and the descriptions thereof change depending on the author and the details of the process of obtaining them:
  • the cytological plane there is, in the case of the L forms, a change or disappearance of the wall, consisting of several successive layers containing two essential constituents: N- acetyl-muramic acid and N-acetyl-glucosamine.
  • the wall does not appear to participate in the osmotic equilibrium of the bacterial cytoplasm.
  • the permeability of the bacterial cell is due to the cytoplasmic membrane consisting of lipids and proteins, enzymatic systems and specific permeases. Unlike the bacterium, the cytoplasm is relatively discreet relative to the mass of the nuclear vesicle.
  • the techniques used were those employed for bacteria; they were unable to produce positive results, the mistake having been constantly to want to find the entire mosaic of the antigens characterizing the bacterium in micro-organisms which displayed a true genetic mutation.
  • the inhibition or dissolution of the wall can be partial or total.
  • This stable L3A form represents a completed L transformation, the LS8 stage thus only being an intermediate form.
  • these mutants Being devoid of a rigid cell wall, and defined by a fine cytoplasmic membrane, these mutants differ markedly from the original bacterium, whether the latter is pathogenic or not. Because of their very small size or because of an extreme plasticity which makes them easily malleable, they have the ability to pass through ultra-filters. Their morphological structure and their method of reproduction are intractable by conventional bacteriological methods of investigation. On solid media, their colonies are very small, 10 to 600 11., and frequently escape the naked eye.
  • the optical microscope (enlargement 1,300 to 2,000) gives a picture of ring formations, of pseudomycelial filaments, and of giant globular bodies, but does not permit a distinction of two points spaced less than 200 my. apart and hence of organisms which are smaller than this limit.
  • the conventional staining processes of bacteriology are not longer suitable, in the sense that the latter (especially the Gram stain) only strain the cell wall.
  • the conventional bacteriological media do not make it possible either to follow or to preserve the stable variants which, being sensitive to the osmotic pressure, burst in a hypotonic medium.
  • the originality of the invention essentially resides in the means which, on the one hand, make it possible to obtain stable L variants starting from culture strains and, on the other hand, make it possible to preserve them.
  • the invention makes it possible to define a process which can be carried out industrially, leading to bacterial variants the morphological appearances of which are similar to those of the mycoplasms.
  • the reproductive cycle of the variants has been perfectly defined, their cytotoxic power in vitro has been demonstrated and their similarity with the strains of Mycoplasma isolated from atypical" illnesses has been demonstrated.
  • the process of production and preservation according to the invention comprises causing to act on pathogenic or nonpathogenic bacteria, in an acellular medium, at the moment when the said bacterium is in process of cellular division (scissiparity), a chemical, biochemical, or physical inducing agent which destroys the bacterial cell wall, without killing the bacteria, and culturing and transplanting the variants thus obtained at a temperature of 22 to 37 C. on an acellular medium and equilibrated on an osmotic plane by elements which regulate the cellular permeability, the partial osmotic pressure of the combination of the said elements being between 20 and 30 atmospheres.
  • the media for production and preservation have to be acellular for two reasons; first, because the processes of acellular culture are industrially more economical than those which use cellular cultures, and secondly, because it is necessary to avoid any error of interpretation.
  • the applicant has chosen synthetic media containing neither serum nor lysozyme nor antibiotic, for the second reason.
  • the bacterial strain preferably as a 24 hours old culture, is inoculated into water containing peptone and glucose and enriched in nucleic acids and adenosine diphosphate, and is subjected to the induction process.
  • inducing agents it is possible to use antibiotics which act on the wall where the substrate which they inactivate is located, or antibiotics which do not penetrate into the bacterial body, enzymes which produce lysis of the wall, ionic or nonionic detergents which dissolve the wall, or physical agents such as radiations or plasmolysis which detach the wall; but it is indispensible, in order to achieve a genotypical mutation and a stable variant, that the action of the inducing agent should take place at the moment of scissiparity, this being a moment which can be recognized by the growth curve of the bacterium and the determination of its exponential phase.
  • the optimum movement for the bacillus to be acted on by the inducing agent is the moment of cellular division, which is in fact a period favorable to errors in the genetic code.
  • the collection strains especially Proteus rengeri, show a bipartition about every half hour. Activating the metabolism allows four scissiparities to be achieved per hour, this being a physiological condition which brings them close to that of pathogenic bacteria.
  • the bipartitions affect a greater number of bacteria but the time dividing two generations is unchanged.
  • the largest number of bacteria in course of division is obtained by carrying out three to four successive transplantations during the favorable scissiparity and, knowing the time of cellular division, one avoids the bacteria which are slightly in advance not dividing by synchronizing the new cultures at 10 C. 5 minutes before the bipartition.
  • the relative lowering of the temperature inhibits the scissiparity but not the metabolic activity of the organisms.
  • the optimum growth temperature of 37 C. merely favors the scissions.
  • the increase in growth is measured and is followed by a period of latency during which the bacteria synthesize their proteins and their lipids and when the generation time has elapsed the cellular density again increases.
  • strains treated in this way are then in the optimum condition for undergoing the action of the inducing agent. They are in a so-called competent state. No L mutation whatsoever can be detected at this stage.
  • bacilli having a fine parietal structure are subjected to a hypertonic medium, the hypertonicity produces rupture of the intracellular partitions, visible by staining with a dilute solution of Crystal Violet and mordanting with tannin. Deprived of the protective envelope, the bacilli become malleable corpuscles; they rapidly undergo lysis in the usual bacteriological media, swell and burst if the liquid media are not equilibrated from an osmotic point of view.
  • the bacterial strains being in the socalled competent state, are inoculated at the rate of 0.1 ml of culture into 10 ml. of a hypertonic saline solution in which the osmotic pressure established is about atmospheres, this state being maintained for a period of 12 to 24 hours.
  • the high osmotic pres sure is achieved by electrolytes consisting of inorganic salts and 0.3 M sucrose, which are good stabilizers of the osmotic pressure.
  • the plasmolysis is carried out under a nitrogen or C0 atmosphere on bacteria undergoing anaerobiosis, and in a conventional manner on bacteria undergoing aerobiosis. Liver micro-organisms undergoing aerobiosis were obtained at an rH of between 20 and 40, and stable L variants undergoing anaerobiosis were also obtainable on lowering the rl-l to below 20 by introducing nitrogen and carbon dioxide into the medium.
  • the bacteria which are suitable for induction by osmotic shock are those which do not posses a capsule enclosing the wall (non-encapsulated bacteria) or a thick wall, and of which the cytoplasmic water is not in the form of a gel.
  • the microorganisms which belong to the Enterobacteriaceae, Microccocaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Parvobacteriaceae, Actinomycetes and Vibrionaceae meet these conditions.
  • bacteria have been observed, for one and the same strain, on which the high osmotic pressure has not had an effect; in fact, overall 70 percent of the bacilli have undergone a definitive mutation and the other bacilli have remained intact.
  • bacteria have never been obtained which have a partially changed wall (reversible mutation).
  • the stable variants obtained are separated off by filtration (the variants being ultra-filterable) and transplantation.
  • the stable variants obtained are very sensitive to osmosis. It is thus necessary for the acellular preservation medium to be osmotically equilibrated, that is to say if the medium is hypotonic the variant swells and bursts, and if it is hypertonic the variant shrivels up.
  • the medium containing peptone and glucose and enriched in nucleic acid and adenosine diphosphate is used which has already been employed for the inoculation preceding the induction, but because of the new structure of the variants it is necessary to equilibrate the medium from the point of view of the osmotic pressure by applying a suplementary osmotic pressure of 20 to 30 atmospheres at 2237 C. It is this difference in pressure which makes it possible to cause the variants to expand in a nutrient medium which is suitable for the culture of the bacteria.
  • This difference in pressure is achieved by incorporating into the nutrient medium elements which regulate the cellular permeability, and it corresponds to the partial osmotic pressure of the whole of the said regulating elements.
  • Suitable regulating elements are sucrose and inorganic salts.
  • the inorganic elements in equilibrated proportions, regulate the pH and facilitate the exchanges between the L variants and the ambient medium; they avoid the destruction of the micro-organisms and permit their survival.
  • Traces of potassium are indispensable for the phenomenon of permeability at the cellular membrane level; magnesium is necessary for syntheses; sodium chloride influences the cellular permeability and thus influences the exchanges between the variants and the external medium. These substances, together with sucrose, are good stabilizers of the osmotic pressure.
  • Sodium bicarbonate makes it possible to maintain an alkaline pH, phosphorus is an important element, and phenol red is an indicator of the metabolic activity of the micro-organisms.
  • EXAMPLE An enterobacterium, Proteus rettgeri, was used as the starting material.
  • the medium chosen was acellular (synthetic medium containing neither serum nor lysozyme nor antibiotic).
  • the bacteria were inoculated onto a medium consisting of 20 g percent of pancreatic peptone, 2 g. percent of glucose, enriched with 0.10 g. percent of nucleic acid and 0.01 percent of adenine diphosphate, with 0.01 percent of a phenol red colored indicator and water in sufiicient amount to make 1,000 ml.
  • the inducing agent was plasmolysis and was exerted at the moment that the bacilli were in course of cellular division, at which moment the wall is, by virtue of its division, very fragile, by carrying out the process in the exponential phase of growth.
  • the micro-organism instead of remaining included within its rigid envelope, is expelled into the medium thus having the cytoplasmic membrane as its sole protection.
  • the bacilli are, at the moment of scissiparity, introduced at the rate of 0.1 ml. of culture into 10 ml. of a hypertonic saline solution of which the pH is between 7.5 and 8.4 and the osmotic pressure about atmospheres, for a period of 12 to 24 hours.
  • the osmotic pressure of about 80 atmospheres was obtained by means of the following medium:
  • composition of the medium, maintained at 37 C. was as follows:
  • the L variants obtained and mycoplasms are identical, taking into account the morphology, the evolutionary cycle and the pathogenic activity.
  • the L variants can be ultra-filtered and are between viruses and bacteria in the scale of classifications.
  • mycoplasms which are agents of latent sub-acute and recurring infections, isolated by successive transplantations and appearing, as regards their etiology, to be attributable to irreversible and hereditarily transmissible definitive mutations.
  • the variants obtained have, in common with mycoplasms, their size, the fact that they are ultra-filterable, their nutrient requirement in an acellular medium, their lack of resistance to physical agents, their osmotic fragility and the appearance of the colonies on a solid medium, namely a heavily encrusted opaque central zone in agar, surrounded by a superficially transparent halo.
  • the L variants obtained are stained by the conventional stains used in cytology and histology.
  • the preparations, dried as a section without being fixed, are stained by means of a Shorr Trichom Trichoma Stain (Gurrs formula) bath for 10 minutes and rinsed with t-butyl alcohol, this being a solvent which does not remove the stain from the structures to which it is fixed.
  • the cells are delicate and deformable; they have a varied morphology, being globules, rings, small granulations, ovoids, coccobacillary bodies in the shape of keys, commas or question marks, fine spiral bacilli in the form of chains or separate, curved or flexuous granular filaments (see FIGS. 2 to 4 of the accompanying drawings).
  • the definition of the mycoplasms given by SABIN gives a similar morphological appearance: The organisms of the type of cattle peripneumonia can vegitate on media devoid of living cells, giving microcolonies of 10 to p. diameter, with extremes of 600g. Under the microscope, annular formations, globular bodies, pseudo-mycelial filaments and elementary bodies are observed.”
  • the cytological structures observed are the same for the L variants obtained and for the mycoplasms: a fine limiting membrane, a vacuolated or vesiculated appearance of the cytoplasm, the formation of elementary bodies by budding, differentiation of the ribosome zones and a central reticulum of nuclear material.
  • the abundant cytoplasmic mass in the bacterium is reduced and collected together against the inner layer of the membrane.
  • the nucleus occupies almost the whole volume. It takes the form of numerous granules of varying size and shape, connected to one another by fine filaments. The granules are rather dense. The nuclei divide and re-combine without resulting in the cytoplasmic divisions which at maturity form the voluminous nuclear mass of globules.
  • the antibiotics which act on the bacterial wall are no more effective than the antibiotics which do not penetrate into the bacterium and have no efiect on the L variants obtained or on the mycoplasms.
  • the only antibiotics which have an effect are those which act on the reproduction mechanisms, the transformation of the genetic information and the syntheses of the proteins which are the only substances which really penetrate into the cytoplasm.
  • the spheroidal phase always occurs before the mycelium phase. Equally it seems that during the granular phase the granules liberated are not viable and cannot grow and again form a new cycle.
  • the start of a cycle is given by the lastformed of the spheroids of the filamentous ends, or of the ramification branches subjected to lysis and liberating their spheroid separately.
  • the cycle lasts 6 to 10 days and can re-occur over the course of several months in an appropriate medium. Initially the phases are rather well synchronized; as the cultures become old, a functional disorder becomes established and different phases are found together at the same time and the L3 A variant appears to have a preference for the pseudomycelium form (resting in the latent state).
  • transplantations must take place during the spheroidal phase in the almost pure state.
  • Spheroidal Phase (compare FIGS. 4 to 7 of the drawings) the elements are isolated, have a mucous appearance, and are more generally stuck against one another in a mass; at the very start the spheriods increase in volume (0.5 to 2p.), and cytoplasmic excrescences then form which trap chromatic corpuscles which emit one, two or more short and narrow filaments; the end of these filaments is free or carries new spheroid or ovoid particles, like bulges, and the filaments remain attached to the central sphere or detach themselves from it.
  • Mycelium Phase (compare FIGS. 8 to 10 of the drawings) regular aggregates of spheroids detach themselves from the filaments, which become extended into chains of several tens of microns in length and interlace or branch to the point of forming a true mycelium.
  • Disintegration Phase (compare FIG. 13 of the drawings) the elements degenerate, the small chains of granulation break, and the particles spread in the extracellular medium; under the conditions of the experiments which have been carried out these particles are not viable.
  • the primitive bacteria are reduced to their simplest form: a chromatin particle surrounded by a very malleable fluid substance.
  • a cycle lasts about 10 days and in an acellular medium it comprises two prospering phases, a decadence phase and a degeneration phase; the spheroidal elements liberated during the granular phase reproduce an identical cycle.
  • the L variants obtained exert a cytopathogenic and cytotoxic effect upon the cell.
  • variants of Proteus retrgeri obtained according to the invention were taken and inoculated onto vaginal cells collected by means of an Ayre plate by scraping at the level of the rear third of the closed passage of the vagina after disinfection.
  • the cells, suspended in Hanks liquid medium, are inoculated with a pure culture of L variants obtained by the process described above during the spheroidal phase (sessile spheroids) at the rate of about 0.1 ml per 1 to 2 ml ofsuspension.
  • the L variants obtained by means of the invention are localized in the area of the cellular cytoplasm, close to the nucleus, in the form of ovoid granulations, or ring-shaped or crescentshaped bodies, with the spheroid elements forming kinds of inclusions; they are surrounded by a fine skin which clearly divides them from the cytoplasm; the nuclei are hardly affected during this time (compare FIG. 4 of the drawings).
  • the L variants obtained by means of the invention are, as in the preceding case, directly inoculated into the medium at the rate of 0.1 ml per 1 ml of suspension when the L variants are in their spheroidal phase in a period of active multiplication.
  • the infection appears rather rapidly in the renal cells, generally 3 to 4 days after infection.
  • the proliferation of the mycoplasm-like L variants obtained depends on the cell; in fact, several cases can arise:
  • the cell is not sensitive to the variant inoculated. It digests the foreign proteins and assimilates them to synthesize its own proteins. The cell survives, and the constituent elements of the germ, metabolized as a function of their chemical nature, are found again in the constituent elements of the cell. At this stage, the tests for detection of the variants by inoculation of the integrated material into other cells are negative and this is the basis of the immunity.
  • the cell cannot be invaded but proves incapable of metabolizing all the elements present. This is the case of unobserved infection (germ carrier). It does not show itself in a morphological modification of the cellular culture, but by a functional, metabolic or biochemical disorder compatible with the survival of the cell and of the stable variants (compare FIGS. 15 and 16 of the drawings). This latent infection can be transmitted to descendants.
  • the L variants possess DNA and RNA; these nucleic acids can be incorporated in the cellular genetic potential during a division and become an integral part of the chromosomes.
  • the cell reproduces normally. If the shock has taken place, the variants obtained re-appear spontaneously, apparently without precedent and without an incubation.
  • the cell serving the parasite can again ofier a resistance.
  • the cell does not offer any resistance.
  • the L bacterial variants impose their trademark on the cell which, during its period of survival, will manufacture nucleo-proteins of the L variant type. The cell dies through disappearance of the normal structures. Cellular degeneration occurs (compare FIG. 14 of the drawings). In FIG. 14, a mass of variants (mycelium phase) is seen at l and the nucleus of the cell, practically devoid of cytoplasm, is seen at 2.
  • the host cell and the infecting micro-organisms are both organisms possessing genetic continuity; from the moment when one of the two multiplies at the expense of the other or when one borrows from the other the supplement to the structural material which is required to build its nucleoprotein material, the conflict between the host cell and the L variant finds itself prolonged in the genetic continuity of the one which survives.
  • the pathogenic role of the mycoplasm-like L variants has also been studied by attempting to evaluate their potential pathogenic role.
  • mycoplasms are no longer considered as simple saprophytes but as pathogenic agents of which the clinical manifestations observed in human pathology can be grouped under the general heading of mycoplasmoses.”
  • each species of variants can be defined by a mosaic" of antigens on a serological plane.
  • the agglutination and fixing tests of the complement prove that there is not complete identity on this plane between the stable L variants obtained and the bacteria from which they are derived.
  • the L variants obtained by the process cannot possess the antigenic equipment which belongs to the bacterial wall, especially the flagellar antigen H.
  • the antigens of the mycoplasm-like L variants the antigens of the cellular body, those of the membrane and those of the constitution of the protoplasm of the original bacteria.
  • Example given above which is specific to a particular bacillus, was repeated by the applicants for other bacteria and thus made it possible to obtain from various bacteria stable L variants in quite large amounts similar to the mycoplasms, with these bacterial variants playing an important infectious role both in human medicine and in the veterinary field.
  • Each strain forms a distinct serological group consisting of a mosaic of specific antigens. From this fact it is possible to establish the serological relationships between the L3 A bac terial variants and the isolated mycoplasms.
  • NEISSERIACEAE Neisseria gonarrhoreae
  • mycoplasm hominis which is known to be generally nonpathogenic and which can occasionally give rise to Bartholin abscess.
  • This mycoplasm is considered to be the agent responsible for certain non-gonococcidal urethrites (compare FIGS. 17 and 18 of the drawings).
  • an antigenic extract devoid of cells was prepared from stable L variants of Proteus.
  • the antigenic principles were extracted by treating a suspension of previously washed germs with an aqueous solution of halfnormal trichloracetic acid at a pH of l to 2 and at a temperature of 0 C.
  • the antigenic extract is in the form of an opalescent solution which it is absolutely not possible to dialyze. When desiccated, it is heat-stable; on the other hand, it is heat-sensitive in aqueous media.
  • This isolated acid-soluble antigenic L3 A compound appears to be strongly polydispersed in an aqueous solution.
  • the polysaccharide gives the antigenic protein element its specificity and is responsible for the characteristic serological reactions of the strain.
  • the stable L variants obtained according to the process of the invention have been used for the manufacture of reagents for serodiagnostics and for the identification of the infectious agents of atypical illnesses.
  • the mosaic of antigens as it exists in the cell of intact stable L variants contains substances other than the phospholipid, polysaccharide and protein components, but it is conceivable that only the polysaccharide and protein components are essential elements for the antigenic behavior.
  • Another example of the application of the process for obtaining stable bacterial variants and for their preservation is the preparation of vaccines by means of cultures of mycoplasm-like L variants (judiciously diluted live cultures).
  • Germs of L variants are obtained according to the process of the invention which do not possess virulence but have an immunitary activity, by centrifuging the culture, suspending the centrifuge cake, washing with physiological water and heating to 40-50 C for 30 minutes.
  • the asepticized suspension of L3 A variants is diluted to a particular concentration. 0. 1 ml doses of the infectious dose diluted to concentrations of 10" to 10 are used. Filtration is carried out on membranes of which the pores have a diameter of between and millimicrons.
  • inactivated germs by attenuating the strain with ether or chloroform or by treatment with formaldehyde and heating to 56 C for one-half hour.
  • FIG. 1 represents Proteus rettgeri not subjected to plasmolysis.
  • FIG. 2 shows the pleomorphic appearance of the variants of Proteus rettgeri, with an identical enlargement to that of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 3 to 13 relate to the evolutionary cycle.
  • the variants combine into a mass in the 12 to 72 hours which follow the inoculation, depending on the conditions of the plasmolysis;
  • FIG. 4 shows, enlarged, the isolated elements taken from a mass according to FIG. 3.
  • spheroidal phase stage B In the spheroidal phase stage B (FIGS. 5 to 7) the formation of a cytoplasmic excrescence surrounding the chromatic corpuscles which emit free filaments or filaments carrying fresh spheroidal particles can be seen.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the mycelium elements as a mass
  • FIG. 9 shows an isolated element
  • FIG. 10 shows the transition from the mycelium phase to the granular phase.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 represent filaments at the start of the granular phase (6th or 7th day after inoculation). .
  • the filamerits become blurred like the primitive spheroidal forms, and the inclusions fragment, linked by a thin layer of a viscous secretion (compare FIGS. 11 his and 12 bis).
  • FIG. 13 shows the start of the disintegration phase.
  • FIGS. 14 to 18 represent cases of cells infested by variants of Proteus rettgeri (FIGS. 14 to 16) and by germs of an atypical illness (FIGS. 17 and 18).
  • FIG. 14 represents an epithelial cell of the kidney of a monkey; a mass of spheroidal forms of variants is seen at 1, and at 2 it is found that the nucleus of the cell is devoid of a part of the cytoplasm.
  • FIG. 15 Two epithelial cells of nuclei 3 and 6 have been shown in FIG. 15; the spheroidal element of the variant 4 and the filament 5 are distinguishable.
  • the spheroidal forms 7 and 7', joined by a filament 9, are seen in FIG. 16; in the cell of nucleus 8 the shape 7 shows two further filaments l0 and 1 1.
  • FIG. 17 is a case of amicrobial urethritis.
  • the nucleus 12 is surrounded by inclusions 13.
  • FIG. 18 is a second observation of the same case of amicrobial urethritis. Here it is possible to distinguish the characteristic inclusions corresponding:
  • FIGS. 16 and 18 Comparison of the infested cells of FIGS. 16 and 18 emphasizes the profound analogy between stable variants and mycoplasm; the inclusions 17 would give the inclusions 13 after the L3 A form bursts.
  • Process for obtaining and preserving stable bacterial variants which are reproducible by a heteromorphic evolutive cycle from pathogenic or non-pathogenic bacteria and are useful for the preparation of vaccines and diagnostic agents, said process comprising adding the bacteria to an acellular medium and causing to act on a synchronized culture of the bacteria at the moment of scissiparity, a chemical, biochemical or physical inducing agent which destroys the bacterial cell wall without killing the bacteria and culturing thd transplanting the variants thus obtained at a temperature of 22-37 C in an acellular nutrient medium which is osmotically equilibrated by electrolytes consisting of inorganic salts and sucrose, the partial osmotic pressure of the combination of the said electrolytes and sucrose being between 20 30 atm.
  • bacteria subjected to the plasmolysis are the Enterobacteriaceae, Microccocaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Parvobacteriaceae, Actinomycetes or Vibrionaceae.
  • acellular culture and transplantation medium contains sucrose and inor ganic salts.

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  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855063A (en) * 1970-07-03 1974-12-17 Morinaga Milk Industry Co Ltd Process for producing a microbial proteinous substance
US3936355A (en) * 1973-11-12 1976-02-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Microorganism growth media and the stabilization thereof
US4030976A (en) * 1975-01-08 1977-06-21 Etablissement Ani, Chez Me Beck, Avocat Process for preparing a product having a biological activity

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2533583A1 (fr) * 1982-09-24 1984-03-30 Centre Nat Rech Scient Nouvel adn recombinant utile dans la preparation d'a-amylase
JP6996680B2 (ja) * 2017-09-25 2022-01-17 出光興産株式会社 細菌菌体の製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Panos et al.; J. Bact. 78:247 252 (1959) *
Sharp; Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med. 87:94 97 (1954) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855063A (en) * 1970-07-03 1974-12-17 Morinaga Milk Industry Co Ltd Process for producing a microbial proteinous substance
US3936355A (en) * 1973-11-12 1976-02-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Microorganism growth media and the stabilization thereof
US4030976A (en) * 1975-01-08 1977-06-21 Etablissement Ani, Chez Me Beck, Avocat Process for preparing a product having a biological activity

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FI48287C (fi) 1974-08-12
IL34115A0 (en) 1970-05-21
FI48287B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-30
LU60545A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-21
CA938901A (en) 1973-12-25
GB1298668A (en) 1972-12-06
IL34115A (en) 1974-07-31
DE2014200A1 (de) 1970-12-17
FR2035875B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-24
CS178069B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-08-31
NL7004184A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-09-29
DK130191C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-06-16
DK130191B (da) 1975-01-13
DE2014200B2 (de) 1976-12-23
AT302525B (de) 1972-10-25
OA03241A (fr) 1970-12-15
CH523321A (fr) 1972-05-31
ES377956A1 (es) 1972-06-01
ZA701782B (en) 1971-04-28
SE384379B (sv) 1976-05-03
BE747503A (fr) 1970-08-31
FR2035875A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-24
RO77169A (ro) 1981-06-22

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