US3669436A - Apparatus for preheating scrap - Google Patents

Apparatus for preheating scrap Download PDF

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Publication number
US3669436A
US3669436A US3669436DA US3669436A US 3669436 A US3669436 A US 3669436A US 3669436D A US3669436D A US 3669436DA US 3669436 A US3669436 A US 3669436A
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United States
Prior art keywords
scrap
container means
container
heat
furnace
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English (en)
Inventor
Roland Kemmetmueller
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American Waagner-Biro Co Inc
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American Waagner-Biro Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
    • C21C5/565—Preheating of scrap
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
    • Y10S266/901—Scrap metal preheating or melting

Definitions

  • the scrap metal is preheated prior to reaching the furnace, either by making use of special burners or by utilizing waste heat which is available in the plant.
  • the scrap in a suitable container is preheated and then delivered in this condition to the furnace so that the extent to which heat must be supplied in the furnace itself is reduced.
  • the present invention relates to metal-treating.
  • the present invention relates to metal treating which involves the manufacture of steel, for example, from charges which are delivered to a furnace to be refined therein.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an ap paratus according to which there will be on hand the required supply of preheated scrap in the amount and at the frequency required for proper furnace operation.
  • a container means for containing scrap metal and for admitting heat thereto.
  • a support means supports the container means, and a heating means at the preheating station supplies heat to the container means to be received by the scrap therein.
  • a transporting means coacts with the container means for delivering the scrap in preheated condition to a furnace in which the metal is treated.
  • FIG. I is a schematic representation of the method and apparatus of the invention as used in a BOF plant
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic section elevation of a container means used in the method and apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic top plan view of a scrap preheating station
  • FIG. 4 is an elevation of the arrangement shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an elevation of a scrap container means of the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional plan view of another embodiment of a container means
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary view on an enlarged scale showing in a sectional elevation further details of a scrap container at the region of the bottom wall thereof;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional elevation of another embodiment of a container means of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the manner in which a pair of the container means of FIG. 9 can be used with a source of waste heat
  • FIG. 1 l is an end view of the arrangement of FIG. 10 as seen from the lefi of FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a top plan view of the arrangement of FIG. I 1;
  • FIG. 13 schematically illustrates the manner in which the invention is used in connection with an electric arc furnace
  • FIG. 14 schematically illustrates the manner in which the invention is used with an open-hearth furnace
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the method and apparatus of the invention according to which lime as well as scrap are preheated.
  • FIG. 16 shows an arrangement similar to FIG. 1 but using waste heat to preheat the scrap.
  • the plant 20 which is schematically illustrated therein is a BOF plant having the usual converters 22 which receive the charge. Part of this charge is, of course, scrap metal.
  • a suitable container means 24 is located at the scrap-charging station shown at the left part of FIG. 4.
  • This container means has a top open end and a bottom wall formed with openings passing therethrough.
  • the container means 24 has the top open end 26 and a bottom wall 28 formed with the openings 30 through which heat can have access to the contents within the container means 24 so as to flow upwardly through the latter to heat the scrap therein.
  • the walls 32 of the container means are of double-walled construction in that they include inner and outer walls defining between themselves a space for air which enters through suitable openings.
  • through openings 34 air enters into the lower portion of the container means in the space between the inner and outer walls thereof to flow upwardly through the inner space of the double-walled structure and to discharge at the upper openings 36.
  • the container means 24 has fixed to its exterior surface a pair of trunnions 38 to be engaged by hooks of a transporting means. Also, the container means region a rear auxiliary hook 40 for a purpose referred to below.
  • the container means 24 receives a charge which may simply be in the fonn of scrap delivered from the scrap yard tothe top of the containing means by a magnetic crane 42 or the like which can be positioned over the container means 24 to drop scrap metal into the latter at the scrap-charging station. Of course, an entire row of such container means 24 may be located at the scrap-charging station for receiving scrap metal.
  • a container means has a suitable load of scrap metal therein, suitable cranes are provided for engaging the trunplan view of the structure of fixedly carries at its lower in the illustrated example, and the combustible gas which issues into the interior 48 of the support means 44 beneath the container means 44 is ignited to provide heat which rises up into the container means to heat the scrap therein.
  • more than one con tainer means 24 maybe situated on the support means 44 so that various stages in the heating of scrap metal may be going on simultaneously.
  • one container means 24 may have been on the support means 44 long enough to have its scrap metal reaching a final stage of preheating while another container means 24 may have been on the support means 44 for a shorter time with the scrap therein just rising in temperature toward the final preheatingstage.
  • a transporting means in the form of a suitable crane engages the trunnions 38 and places the container means with the preheated metal therein on a suitable conveyor 50 such as a suitable cradle having rollers 52 which roll along rails 54.
  • a suitable conveyor 50 such as a suitable cradle having rollers 52 which roll along rails 54.
  • a crane 56 engages the auxiliary book 40 to tilt the container means 24 from the horizontal to the inclined position indicated in FIG. 1 at the converter 22, and in this inclined position the contents of the container means are discharged into the converter 22.
  • the converter 22 has been tilted so that its mouth will be in a position to receive the charge. Then the container means is delivered through any suitable return transporting structure back to the scrap-charging station.
  • the plurality of container means are situated at different locations depending upon the particular stage of the preheating of the metal therein and the charging and discharging of the scrap therefrom.
  • one converter is on blow while another is on offblow, and the movement of the plurality of container means 24 to and from these converters is, of course, synchronized with the operations.
  • the support means at the preheating station may include a rotary turret 60 which is rotated by suitable angular increments about a vertical axis so as to displace a plurality of the container means of the invention through different stages of preheating of scrap therein.
  • the turret 60 is in the form of a rotary table 62 supported on suitable rollers 64 and rotated through predetermined angular increments through any suitable drive.
  • the center of the table 62 is formed with a vertical opening through which a vertical duct 64extends.
  • a container means 66 is shown in FIG. 3
  • a heating means for this embodiment includes a gas burner 74 which delivers the hottest gases for movement up through the perforated bottom wall of the container means 66. These hot gases are received in a hood 74 situated at the final heating location and the hot gases flow through a duct 76 to pass down through the duct 64 and then along the horizontal duct 78 and up through the container means 66 at the initial heating station 70. Thus, the hot gases which have already given up part of their heat to the scrap at the final heating station are again passed upwardly through the scrap at the initial heatingstation, and now the relatively cool gas is received in the duct 80 through the hood 82 which is over the container means at the initial heating location.
  • This gas is delivered through a wet scrubber 84 and is acted upon by an induced draft fan 86 so as to be delivered to the discharge flue 88. Just before the gas reaches the container means 66 at the initial preheating station .70, it may be additionally heated to the desired extent by an additional burner 90 so as to give the scrap the desired temperature at the initial preheating location 70.
  • FIGS. 5-8 The details of the container means 66 I are illustrated in FIGS. 5-8.
  • This container means includes an outer metal wall 92 lined with a suitable fire-resistant material 94 which can be encased in the manner shown. These outer walls 92 are thus lined with the fire-resistant material 94 to give the interior of the container means a configuration such as that which is shown in FIG. 6 or that which is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the interior is of substantially U-shaped configuration and is closed by a pair of wall portions 96 which are bolted to each other in the manner illustrated.
  • a substantially oval-shaped interior is given to the container means 66' which has a larger interior volume in this case.
  • trunnions 98 are connected to the side walls and reinforced through suitable fins 100, with outer end plates 102 being provided, so that hooks from cranes can be received on the trunnions to transport the container means in the manner described above in connection with FIG. 1. Also, adjacent the lower rear there are a pair of additional pins 104 fixed through auxiliary fins 106 to the side walls and capable of receiving hooks for tilting the container means 66 to the attitude where the heated scrap will discharge through the top opening.
  • the bottom wall 110 of the container means is formed with the openings 112 which are arranged in the manner shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • This bottom tainer means is illustrated therein.
  • This container means FIG. 9.
  • the trunnions 128 at the sides of the container can be engaged by hooks of a crane so that the entire container means 120 can be transported wherever desired. However, it is never tilted. Instead, the bottom wall is simply swung by actuation of the devices 126 to an open position enabling the contents to be discharged wherever desired.
  • a pair of the container means of FIG. 9 may be simultaneously situated on tubular supports 130 which are in the form of cylinders into the interior of which waste heat is supplied as indicated by the arrow 132.
  • This waste heat may be the excess heat resulting from the operation of an electric arc furnace or resulting from the operation of an open-hearth furnace, for example. This heat will pass up through the containers to be guided by the ducts 134a and l34b to the discharge duct assembly 136.
  • the duct assemblies 134a and 134k are swingable between the positions indicated and in the interior of the ductwork there are a pair of swingable dampers 138a and 138b.
  • the damper 138a when the damper 138a is in the illustrated open position, the heat will be delivered through the left container 130 of FIG. 10 and the damper 138b is simultaneously closed so that the heat will be delivered to the discharge duct 136.
  • the duct assembly 134b is swung to the illustrated open position so that the container means 120 with the completed heated scrap therein can be removed for delivery of the scrap to the furnace. While the heating continues with one of the container means of FIG.
  • a new container means with unheated scrap replaces the one which has been removed with fully-heated scrap.
  • the duct 134a is swung to the open position and the duct 134b is swung to the closed position and the positions of the dampers 138a and 1381; are reversed so that now the operations will continue with the heating of the new scrap and the removal of the fully-heated scrap.
  • waste heat such as excess heat from any furnace as described above, and at the same time while operations in connection with removal and replacement of scrap are going forward, heating is taking place.
  • an electric furnace 140 has, as is well-known, a top 142 provided with the electrodes 144.
  • the container means 120 is transported in a manner schematically indicated in FIG. 13 to and from the electric arc furnace 140.
  • the top 142 is removed, the container means 120 is transported by the transporting means 146 to the furnace I40 and the devices 126 are actuated to open the bottom wall thus enabling the preheated scrap to be discharged into. the furnace 140.
  • the container means 120 is returned to receive a new charge and the above operations are repeated, the top 142 being replaced.
  • an open-hearth furnace 150 is schematically illustrated therein.
  • the heat from the furnace is used in a conventional way for regenerating purposes by being directed through checkerworck regenerators 156 from which hot blast air is derived for combustion purposes.
  • some of this air is directed through a duct 152, beyond the slag pocket 1154 and beyond the checkerworck installation 156 up through a container means 158 which may have the structure of any of the abovedescribed container means.
  • the air is directed through ducts 160 and a scrubber 162 out through a stack 164 by the action of an induced draft fan 166 which directs the hot gases through the duct 168 to the discharge flue 164.
  • the duct 160 has a removable cover 170 which is removed so that a crane 172 can have access to the container means 158 with the heated scrap therein for raising this container means as indicated in the phantom lines in FIG. 14. Then the container means is transported by the transporting means formed by the crane I72 and the guides therefor back to to enable the for the furnace.
  • scrap from the scrap yard is delivered, as by an electromagnetic crane mechanism 182, into a container means 184 having a configuration similar to a converter. It is swingable on trunnions so as to receive the scrap, and a heating means in the form of ignition burners 186 is provided for preheating the scrap.
  • a heating means in the form of ignition burners 186 is provided for preheating the scrap.
  • the scrap is emptied into a ladle 188 to be delivered to the furnace.
  • a ladle 190 for receiving molten pig iron from the car 192 as is conventional.
  • the lime storage means in the form of bins 194 in which lime is stored to form part of the charge, this lime being delivered to a container 196 for delivery to the furnace to form part of the charge.
  • the heat derived from the heating means 186 after passing up through the container 184 to preheat the scrap therein, is received in a duct system 200 to be delivered thereby to the lime bins 194 in order to heat the lime therein.
  • the duct system 200 will have at its left end swingable duct components 202 for respectively communicating with the two or more containers 184 for the scrap, these containers having scrap therein at different stages of preheating.
  • the swingable components 202 communicate with a header which communicates with the main component 200 which also communicates with a header 204 from which various branches go to the different lime bins so that the hot air will have access to the lime in the bins for preheating the lime prior to flowing thereof out through the bottom chute outlets into the containers 196. Then the preheated lime as well as the preheated scrap are delivered together with the pig iron to the fumace 206 for providing in the latter a charge which has not only preheated scrap but also preheated lime, so that in this way it is possible to achieve advantages set forth above with respect to reduction in heat consumption and time of operation at the furnace 206 itself.
  • FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of the invention which is substantially similar to that of FIG. 1.
  • the flue gas duct 220 directs flue gas from the stack along a special duct 222 back to the preheating station 224 where instead of gas burners the flue gas itself is burned in order to provide the heat for the scrap within the container means 24.
  • oxygen may be added to the flue gas in order to render the latter combustible together with the added oxygen to provide in this way a heating means for heating the scrap within the container means 24.
  • a swingable flue system 226 may be used over the containers for receiving the hot gases therefrom.
  • use is made of the flue gases themselves to provide the heating means for the scrap.
  • coke fines for combustion with the scrap within the container means can be added as being metered out of any chute or the like located over the scrap containers, the coke fines being directed into the containers simultaneously with the dropping of the scrap into the containers so that in this way the coke fines are distributed through the materials in the containers in a given amount to enhance the operations.
  • a furnace for receiving a charge at least part of which is scrap metal, container means for containing scrap metal and admitting heat thereto, support means for supporting said container means at a preheating station, heating means located at said station for delivering heat to scrap in the container means, and transporting means coacting with said container means for delivering scrap in preheated condition to the furnace, said container means being in an the open-hearth furnace preheated scrap to fonn part of the charge upright position at said preheating station and in said upright position having a top open end and a bottom end formed with openings through which heat from said heating means has access to scrap in said container means, said transporting means coacting with said container means, not only for removing the latter with preheated scrap therein from said support means but also for placing said container means at an attitude where the scrap will fall out through said top open end thereof.
  • insulated wall means includes an outer metal wall and an inner lining of fire-resistant material.
  • said insulated wall means includes inner and outer walls defining an air space between themselves.
  • a furnace for receiving a charge at least part of which is scrap metal, container means for containing scrap metal and admitting heat thereto, support means for supporting said container means at a preheating station, heating means located at said station for delivering heat to scrap in the container means, and transporting means coacting with said container means for delivering scrap in preheated condition to the furnace, said support means at said preheating station including a rotary turret for simultaneously supporting a plurality of said container means which are respectively at different stages between inin'al and final preheating of scrap within the plurality of container means.
  • said heating means includes a source of heat situated below that one of said plurality of container means which is at a final preheating stage for directly heating scrap in said one container means, and said heating means including duct means extending from the top of said one container means to the bottom end of another container means which has not yet reached said final preheating stage for directing to said other container means heated air which has already given up some heat to scrap in said one container means.
  • said heating means includes an additional source of heat situated below said other container means for additionally heating scrap therein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US3669436D 1970-04-14 1970-04-14 Apparatus for preheating scrap Expired - Lifetime US3669436A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3880648A (en) * 1973-06-27 1975-04-29 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method for producing steel in an electric arc furnace
US4028048A (en) * 1975-01-22 1977-06-07 Woolworth Harrison R Scrap metal preheating apparatus and method
US4113977A (en) * 1977-08-19 1978-09-12 Brown Boveri Corporation Preheating system with gas recirculation
US4262825A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-04-21 Harrison Robert Woolworth Louvered clamshell door assembly for preheater charging bucket
US4383678A (en) * 1981-10-01 1983-05-17 Longenecker Levi S Electric furnace scrap handling mill layout
FR2519420A2 (fr) * 1981-06-05 1983-07-08 Clesid Sa Dispositif de recuperation de l'energie contenue sous forme de chaleur dans les laitiers
US4655436A (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-04-07 Williams Thomas W Method and apparatus for recovering and reusing energy from a melting furnace

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1146769B (it) * 1981-04-16 1986-11-19 Daneco Danieli Ecologia Spa Perfezionamenti alle ceste di carica del rottame e ceste di carica del rottame cosi' perfezionate
EP0248971B1 (de) * 1986-04-28 1990-01-03 VOEST-ALPINE INDUSTRIEANLAGENBAU GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Einrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Schrott

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1708509A (en) * 1924-02-09 1929-04-09 Lyle C Loshbough Heating device
US2804295A (en) * 1952-09-19 1957-08-27 Frank W Brooke Apparatus for preheating and conditioning scrap metal
US3234010A (en) * 1962-12-31 1966-02-08 Harold A Mahony Apparatus and process for high speed scrap smelting
US3307935A (en) * 1962-03-05 1967-03-07 Jorgen P Lindholm Method of making steel using scrap together with hot metal as well as a charging apparatus for charging scrap into a steel making furnace
US3444304A (en) * 1967-08-11 1969-05-13 Levi S Longenecker Making basic oxygen steel in an electric arc furnace system
US3472500A (en) * 1966-05-24 1969-10-14 Voest Ag Plant comprising a stationary reaction vessel for converting charging materials into steel
US3520523A (en) * 1968-05-22 1970-07-14 Koppers Co Inc Scrap preheating and charging apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1708509A (en) * 1924-02-09 1929-04-09 Lyle C Loshbough Heating device
US2804295A (en) * 1952-09-19 1957-08-27 Frank W Brooke Apparatus for preheating and conditioning scrap metal
US3307935A (en) * 1962-03-05 1967-03-07 Jorgen P Lindholm Method of making steel using scrap together with hot metal as well as a charging apparatus for charging scrap into a steel making furnace
US3234010A (en) * 1962-12-31 1966-02-08 Harold A Mahony Apparatus and process for high speed scrap smelting
US3472500A (en) * 1966-05-24 1969-10-14 Voest Ag Plant comprising a stationary reaction vessel for converting charging materials into steel
US3444304A (en) * 1967-08-11 1969-05-13 Levi S Longenecker Making basic oxygen steel in an electric arc furnace system
US3520523A (en) * 1968-05-22 1970-07-14 Koppers Co Inc Scrap preheating and charging apparatus

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3880648A (en) * 1973-06-27 1975-04-29 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method for producing steel in an electric arc furnace
US4028048A (en) * 1975-01-22 1977-06-07 Woolworth Harrison R Scrap metal preheating apparatus and method
US4113977A (en) * 1977-08-19 1978-09-12 Brown Boveri Corporation Preheating system with gas recirculation
US4262825A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-04-21 Harrison Robert Woolworth Louvered clamshell door assembly for preheater charging bucket
FR2519420A2 (fr) * 1981-06-05 1983-07-08 Clesid Sa Dispositif de recuperation de l'energie contenue sous forme de chaleur dans les laitiers
US4383678A (en) * 1981-10-01 1983-05-17 Longenecker Levi S Electric furnace scrap handling mill layout
US4655436A (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-04-07 Williams Thomas W Method and apparatus for recovering and reusing energy from a melting furnace

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DE2118069A1 (de) 1971-12-23
DE2118069B2 (de) 1973-08-16

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