US3667428A - Developing systems - Google Patents

Developing systems Download PDF

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US3667428A
US3667428A US838141A US3667428DA US3667428A US 3667428 A US3667428 A US 3667428A US 838141 A US838141 A US 838141A US 3667428D A US3667428D A US 3667428DA US 3667428 A US3667428 A US 3667428A
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Prior art keywords
doctoring
applicator
developer
edge
applicator surface
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Richard E Smith
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D5/00—Liquid processing apparatus in which no immersion is effected; Washing apparatus in which no immersion is effected
    • G03D5/06—Applicator pads, rollers or strips
    • G03D5/067—Rollers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
    • G03G15/0812—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the developer regulating means, e.g. structure of doctor blade
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
    • G03G15/102—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material for differentially wetting the recording material

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A development system is provided wherein a movable developer loaded applicator surface is first doctored on the edges and corners of the surface to remove excess developer 5 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJUH 6l972 3.667.428
  • toner SHEET 2 OF 2 DEVELOPING SYSTEMS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION referred to in the art as toner.
  • the toner will normally be attracted to those areas of the layer which retain a charge,
  • This powder image may then be transferred to a support surface such as paper.
  • the transferred image may subsequently be permanently affixed to a support surface as by heat.
  • latent image formation by uniformly charging the photoconductive layer and then exposing the layer to a light-and-shadow image, one may form the latent image by'directly charging the layer in image configuration.
  • the powder image may be fixed to a photoconductive layer if elimination of the powder image transfer step is desired.
  • Other suitable means such as solvent or overcoating treatment may be substituted for the foregoing heat fixing steps.
  • An additional liquid technique for developing electrostatic latent images is the liquid development process disclosed by R. W. Gundlach in U. S. Pat. No. 3,084,043, hereinafter referred to as Polar Liquid Development.
  • an electrostatic latent image is developed or made visible by presenting to the imaging surface a liquid developeron the surface of a developer dispensing member having a plurality of raised portions defining a substantially regular patterned sur- 1 face and a plurality of portions depressed below the raised portions.
  • the depressed portions contain a layer of conductive liquid developer which is maintained out of contact with the electrostatographic imaging surface.
  • This technique is to be distinguished from conventional liquid development wherein there is an electrophoretic movement of charged particles suspended in a liquid carrier vehicle to the charged portion of the image bearing surface. That is, the charged particles under the influence of an applied electric field migrate to the charged portion of the image bearing surface while the liquid substantially remains on the applicator surface and serves only as a carrier medium.
  • polar liquid development the liquid phase actively takes part in the development of the image since the entire liquid developer is attracted to the charged portions of the image bearing surface.
  • the developer liquid contacts only the charged portions of the image bearing surface.
  • wetting development or selective wetting described in U. S. Pat. No. 3,285,741.
  • an aqueous developer uniformly contacts the entire imaging surface and due to the selected wetting and electrical properties of the developer substantially only the charged areas of the imaging surface are wetted by the developer.
  • the developer should be relatively conductive having a resistivity generally from about 10 to about 10 ohm-cm and have wetting properties such that the wetting angle measured when placed on the photoconductor surface is smaller than 90 at the charged areas and greater than 90 in the uncharged areas.
  • doctoring includes both the removal of excess developer liquid while providing a sufficient supply of developer liquid 'on the applicator to present a uniform supply of developer liquid to the electrostatic latent image to be developed. More specifically, in polar liquid development, the developer surface should present a uniform film of developer liquid in the depressed portions or valleys, while the raised portions or lands are sub stantially free of developer. Providingan applicator surface whose lands are substantially free of developer is desired to provide a clean background in non-image areas. These aims are accomplished by providing accurate developer metering techniques and systems and accurate developer doctoring techniques and systems.
  • the doctoring systems have conventionally taken the form of ablade or squeegee roller.
  • the blade When using a blade doctoring system the blade is positioned on a line along the entire applicator surface so that as this surface is moved, the stationary blade wipes excess ink from the applicator surface. With the appropriate selection of blade material, angle of contact and pressure applied, adequate doctoring may be achieved.
  • the squeegee roller provides a similar doctoring by also being positioned against the applicator surface, and since it may be absorbent it may readily remove excess liquid developer.
  • the edge of the applicator surface and particularly the corner of the applicator surface may contain, excessive quantities of developer which, when in developing configuration, will result in large deposits of developer liquid as background. This may generally be observed as a line or area along the edge of the developed image. This effect is more pronounced when the developing system is used continuously or intermittently over a period of time since some of the excess liquid developer which has accumulated behind the main doctor blade or squeegee roller is forced over the end of the applicator surface and forms a continuous bead on the end surface or comer of the applicator surface. During development, this head of excess developer liquid results in the above mentioned line or area on the developed image.
  • Dry development techniques employing conventional toner or other powdered material also manifest these problems to someextent, particularly with respect to the cleanliness and tidiness of operation.
  • a dry development technique the local accumulationof developer material at the edge and comer of the applicator surface may not be as large as in liquid development operations, and the resulting edge background on the developed image is accordingly smaller. While the local accumulations of dry developer material on the applicator surface are generally not as large as in the liquid development operation, additional fouling and contamination of surfaces and machine members which come in contact with a dry developer material are frequently observed. It is, therefore, clear that there is a continuing need for a better system for developing electrostatic latent images.
  • edge and corner doctor surfaces at each end of the applicator surface in a position such that when the applicator surface is initially supplied with excessive quantities of developer material and moved against the edge and corner doctor surfaces, the excessive quantities of developer material on the edge and corner of the applicator surface are removed by the scraping action of the edge and comer doctor surfaces.
  • the bead of developer material which normally forms at the edge and comer of the applicator surface, is wiped substantially clean by the edge and comer doctor surfaces.
  • the partially doctored applicator surface is then doctored with a main or principal doctor surface along a line extending across the entire applicator surface.
  • Developed images and transferred copy prints obtained are generally free of the undesirable background lines or areas along the edges of the image.
  • the edge and comer doctoring surfaces may be provided by a blade type device having doctoring surfaces in the configuration of the applicator surfaces. These edge and corner doctoring surfaces may also be provided by a small edge and corner doctoring roll having a pattern cut into the roll to provide the two doctoring surfaces, and the roll being rotatably mounted such that doctoring of the applicator surfaces is achieved.
  • the main doctoring surfaces may also be provided by doctoring rolls or blades.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view in perspective showing a portion of an embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of this invention. 2 I
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate three configurations for the edge and corner doctoring surfaces of this invention. 7
  • developer feed roll 11 rotatably mounted on its longitudinal axis 12, rotates in developer reservoir 13 supplied with developer 14.
  • Feed roll 11 rotates in developer transfer engagement with applicator roll 15 having a regular patterned surface 16 such that developer is transferred to the applicator surface in a very crude unrestricted manner to a partially metered manner.
  • applicator roll 15 having a regular patterned surface 16 such that developer is transferred to the applicator surface in a very crude unrestricted manner to a partially metered manner.
  • the developer material is present on the applicator surface in a non-uniform manner and, if used as the applicatorsurface for development, would result in unsatisfactory developed image with considerable background deposits.
  • corner and edge doctor blade 18 held in place by positioning member 19 scrapes excess quantities of developer material from the edge of the applicator surface and removes developer which has run over onto the corner or vertical edge of the applicator surface.
  • edge and comer doctor blades are provided at each end of the applicator roll.
  • main doctor blade 20 held in place by positioning member 21 removes excess developer from the applicator surface and distributes the developer material uniformly along the surface of the applicator roll.
  • the developer material is preferably present in the depressed portions of the applicator surface in developing quantities, while the raised portions are substantially free of developer material.
  • corner and edge doctor blades and the principal doctor blade are preferably positioned such that any developer held back by the doctoring surfaces is returned to the developer supply system to minimize contamination of the mechanical movements and paper supply of the developing system.
  • developer would be supplied to the surface of feed roll 23 which, on rotation, would be transferred to applicator roll 25 in unmetered amounts and in undoctored configuration.
  • corner and edge doctor blades 27 On rotation, the corners and edges of applicator roll 25 are first scraped free of excess developer by corner and edge doctor blades 27.
  • main doctor blade 30 On further rotation main doctor blade 30, which may extend the entire length of the applicator roll and slightlyover the edge of theapplicator roll, provides the principal doctoring. Further rotation of the doctored applicator surface places the surface in developing configuration with photoconductor surface 31 bearing an electrostatic latent image.
  • FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the present invention differing from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in the use of a web or belt type applicator surface, in the use of a roller as the main or principal doctoring surface and in the use of a web or belt type photoconductor. More specifically, feed roll 34 feeds developer 32 from developer reservoir 33 to the surface of applicator belt 'or web 38 which is positioned and driven about driving rollers 35. Corner and edge doctor blade 37 held in place by positioning member 36 provides the initial gross doctoring of the edge and corner of the applicator surface. Main doctor roll 39 is positioned and driven to provide doctoring of the entire applicator surface. The doctored applicator surface is then brought into developing configuration with belt or sheet type photoconductor 40 supported by backup roll 41.
  • Doctoring with a doctor roll may be provided according to the technique described by G. Carr in copending application Ser. No. 838,133, filed concurrently and entitled IMAGING SYSTEMS AND METHODS.
  • a technique of doctoring applicator surfaces wherein an applicator surface is movedin contact against a moving doctoring'surface such that a differential peripheral speed is obtained between the applicator surface and doctoring surface resulting in 'a net wiping action opposite in direction to the direction of the applicator surface.
  • any device suitable for applying developer material to the applicator surface in relatively unmetered fashion may be employed.
  • a web or belt type feed surface maybe used or the developer may be loaded directly onto the applicator surface from a developer reservoir or dispensing member.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate three forms of the comer and edge doctor devicev showing the two doctoring surfaces.
  • surface 42 of a blade doctor is positioned to doctor the edge of the applicator surface while surface 43 is positioned to doctor the corner or end face of an applicator surface such as the corner of a roll.
  • surface 44 of a blade doctor is the applicator edge doctoring surface, while surface 45 is positioned to doctor the corner of an applicator such as the comer of a web or belt type applicator.
  • FIG. 6 a rotating doctoring device is depicted wherein the doctoring surfaces are provided by attached cylinders of different diameter such that surface 46 doctors the edge of the applicator while surface 47 doctors the corner of the applicator surface.
  • feeding engagement between the applicator surface and a developer supply may be supplied directly from the reservoir or through some intermediate means such as a feed roller. It is necessary only that image developing quantities of developer be supplied to the applicator surface.
  • This engagement may provide a relatively uncontrolled or unmetered application of developer to the applicator surface in undoctored configuration.
  • the amount of developer transferred to the applicator surface may be controlled by adjusting the clearance between the feed surface and applicator surface. By providing a small clearance between these two surfaces a gross doctoring of the applicator surface may be obtained.
  • the developer loaded applicator surface is then brought into a first doctoring configuration or engagement with the edge and corner doctor to remove excess developer from the edges and to remove excess developer and prevent accumulation of developer on the comers of the applicator.
  • the doctoring surfaces and applicator surface are sopositioned as to provide the scraping necessary to this result.
  • the applicator surface is positioned in a second doctoring configuration where the entire dimension of the applicator surface substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement is presented to a doctoring surface in such a manner that excess developer is removed while uniformly supplying developing quantities of developer to the applicator surface.
  • the thusly treated applicator surface in doctored configuration is moved along its path to the developing station and placed in developing engagement with the image to be developed. The positioning is in that manner necessary to accomplish development by electrophoretic development techniques, polar liquid development techniques, selective wetting techniques or dry xerographic development.
  • edge and corner doctoring is intended to define doctoring wherein that portion of the applicator surface adjacent the lateral extremities of the path defining applicator surface is doctored by the edge portion of a doctor surface and that portion of the applicator which may be described as the end face or surface or vertical edge and which is not part of the actual applicator surface is doctored by the corner portion of the doctoring surface.
  • the edge and corner doctoring device therefore, provides a doctoring in two dimensions, one on the actual applicator surface or edge and the other along the end face of the applicator or corner.
  • the principal doctoring is accomplished on the entire applicator surface as it moves past the'doctoring surface which dimension on the applicator surface, for the sake of brevity, is hereafter referred to as the width of the applicator surface and is intended to include, for example, the dimension measured on the surface but along the longitudinal axis of an applicator roll or the width of a moving belt.
  • the doctoring surfaces and applicator surface are in developing configuration along a line or small area the width of which is principally determined by the width of the doctor blade or the diameter and hardness of a doctor roll. In all cases, however, the terms doctor line or doctoring path are intended to include both a line and a small area doctoring.
  • the corner and edge doctor surfaces provide a gross doctoring of the corner and edge of the developer loaded applicator surface. While the purpose of the main doctor surface is to provide a final metering of developer material to the applicator surface in doctored configuration along the entire developer surface, the corner and edge doctor surfaces provide a rough doctoring of the edge of the applicator surface and prevent the accumulation of developer material along the corner of the applicator surface.
  • the comer doctor surface is notched such that the doctoring surfaces conform to the end profile of the applicator surface.
  • the doctoring surfaces preferably also are at a 90 angle.
  • the comer and edge doctor surfaces may be made of any suitable material which is relatively resistant to aging, wearing and chemical attack by the developer.
  • the comer and edge doctor surfaces may be made from metals, plastics and elastomeric materials. Typical materials include stainless steel, tempered spring steel, beryllium copper, polyesters such as Mylar, fluorocarbons such as Teflon, Nylon, silicone rubber, fiuorosilicone rubber, urethanes, polyurethanes and polyacrylates.
  • the blade Since in operation when using a blade doctoring surface there is a pressure buildup on the edge and comer doctor blade due to buildup of developer material being held back by the doctor blade action, the blade should be rigid enough to withstand this pressure.
  • the corner and edge doctor may be of any suitable size or configuration.
  • a blade When a blade is used it is preferably relatively thin with a smooth doctoring surface since it contacts the applicator surface along a very narrow line or path due to either the circular configuration of a rotating applicator roll or the configuration of a backup rollor other support surface on the underside of a web or belt type applicator. It generally may be from about 0.005 to about 0.090 inches thick.
  • the blade is preferably made of an ap limbate thickness to provide an acceptable rigidity.
  • the blade is from about 0.005 to about 0.010 inches thick when made out of metal, from about 0.010 to about 0.045 inches thick when made out of any of the suitable elastic materials and from about 0.045 to about 0.090 inches thick when made out of a suitable elastomeric material. That portion of the blade which doctors the edge of the applicator surface may be of any desired length as long as the objective is obtained. Similarly, that portion of the blade which contacts the corner or side of the applicator surface should be sufficiently long to remove any accumulated developer.
  • the length of this portion of the blade is limited by the plsition of the shaft about which the roll rotates.'To achieve maximum results, the shape of the doctor blade should conform to the end'profile of the applicator surface.
  • the edge and corner doctor surfaces may be effectively employed in and out of contact with the surfaces to be doctored.
  • the doctoring action is achieved by virtue of the fact that upon movement of the developer loaded applicator surface past the doctoring surface, only a quantity of developer material which can pass through the spacing between the doctoring surfaces and applicator surfaces remains on the applicator surfaces.
  • effective gross doctoring by this technique may be achieved.
  • the spacing selected may be readily determined by one skilled in the art for any given applicator peripheral speed. More effective doctoring, however, is achieved when the edge and corner doctor surfaces and the applicator surface are in contact, since in this configuration more excess developer material is removed. It is preferred to employ a flexible smooth surfaced doctoring surface when the applicator surface and doctoring surface are in contact during doctoring in order to minimize abrasion, distortion of any pattern on the applicator surface and increase the useful life of the applicator surface.
  • the doctoring surfaces may be spring loaded against the applicator surface. It is desirable, particularly when the applicator surface and doctoring surfaces are in contact, that the doctoring surfaces be smooth to minimize any distortion of the applicator surface resulting from continuous contact with a patterned surface.
  • the edge and comer doctor blade may be positioned against the applicator surface at any suitable angle at which the desired doctoring is achieved. Generally, the blade is positioned within about 45 of either side of the perpendicular to the tangent plane at the point of contact between the blade and applicator surface. An angle of about to the tangent at the point of contact is preferred as producing particularly satisfactory doctoring results. To prevent accumulation of developer on the applicator surfaces after doctoring by the edge and comer doctoring surfaces it is generally preferred to position the comer and edge doctors at a point on the applicator surface where a minimum amount of excess developer previously removed by the doctoring action of the corner and edge doctors may subsequently contact the applicator surface during the same cycle. When an applicator roll is employed as the feed surface the comer and edge doctors may suitably be positioned against the lower half of the applicator roll to achieve this result.
  • a roller configuration as the edge and corner doctor may be employed. This type of roll would take the appearance of one relatively large roll immediately adjacent to one relatively smaller roll, the smaller roll providing the edge doctoring surface while the larger roll provides the corner doctoring surface.
  • the other limitations placed on blade doctoring surfaces are equally applicable to roll doctoring surfaces. Suitable doctoring may be achieved with this configuration with a stationary or driven roller.
  • the applicator surface loaded with unmetered quantities of developer material is moved fromthe developer transfer position to the developing engagement position, the applicator surface is first doctored by the edge and corner doctor device described herein to remove excess developer from the edge portion of the surface of the applicator and to remove any accumulated developer from the corner portion of the applica tor.
  • the applicator surface is then doctore d with the main doctor device removing excess developer from the applicator surface, forming a small pool or ripple of developer between the applicator surface and doctor device, and distributing developer over the length of the applicator surface.
  • the doctoring is performed so that developing quantities of developer material are present on the applicator surface.
  • developing quantities of developer material are preferably supplied to the depressed portions or valleys of the applicator while the raised portions are substantially free of developer thereby reducing background deposits.
  • edgeand corner doctor surfaces ahead of the main doctor surface in order to present a uniformly doctored applicator surface to the image bearing surface. Since the main doctor surface doctors the entire surface of the applicator, and the corner and edge doctors only provide doctoring on the edge portions of the applicator surface, a uniform doctored applicator can best be achieved by positioning the main doctor surface in doctoring configuration after the edge and corner doctor surfaces.
  • the main doctor device may be made out of suitable material. It may, for example, be made of the same materials discussed with respect to the edge and corner doctor device and may be of any suitable thickness. Depending on the rigidity of the particular material employed, a main doctor blade may typically be from about 0.005 to about 0.1 inches thick, with thinner blades being employed with more rigid materials and thicker blades being employed with less rigid materials. For example, a thickness of from about 0.005 to about 0.010 inches is sufficient for steel while about 0.010 to 0.030 inches is necessary for plastics, and most elastomers require a thickness of from about 0.060 to about 0.090 inches.
  • the main doctor blade preferably has a smooth surface to minimize abrasion of the applicator surface and in addition to doctoring the entire developing surface, it may extend over the edge of the applicator surface to insure uniform doctoring and removal of excess developer.- However, with unsupported blades made of less rigid materials, the extension over the edge of the applicator surface should be relatively small since with too long an extension the blade may tend to ripple or wave along the ends of the applicator surface.
  • the main doctor blade is preferably in contact with the applicator surface under pressure, which pressure is controlled by manual adjustment of set screws in the doctor blade assembly.
  • pressure is controlled by manual adjustment of set screws in the doctor blade assembly.
  • the main doctor blade may be positioned at any suitable exterior angle to the applicator surface. If the angle formed between the doctor blade and the tangent plane at the line of contact ofthe applicator surface and the doctor blade is a very small acute angle, less doctoring is achieved. Typically an angle of from about 45 to about75 between the doctor blade and the tangent plane at thev line of contact with approaching applicator surface is employed. Particularly preferred doctoring results being obtained at an angle of about 60 with a metal or plastic doctor blade and at an angle of about 45 with elastomeric doctor blades. It is also possible to use reverse angle doctoring wherein the main doctor is positioned so that an obtuse angle is formed between the blade and the tangent to the applicator surface approaching the doctor blade at the line of contact.
  • Any suitable developer applicator, surface may be employed.
  • Typical developer applicator surfaces include rotatably mounted rollers or movable endless webs or belts having a smooth surface or uniform pattern surfaces of raised portions or lands and depressed portions or valleys.
  • a desirable applicator is a cylindrical roll having a trihelicoid, pyramidal or quadragravure pattern on the surface.
  • Particularly satisfactory print quality and operating performance is obtained with a roll having a trihelicoid pattern of between 80 and 300 lines per inch, with about 180 to 250 being preferred, cut at an angle of from about to about 60, referably from about 30 to 60 to thelongitudinal axis and to a depth of from about one and one-half mils to about 6 mils.
  • Optimum print capability is obtained with grooves cut at an angle of about 45 to the longitudinal axis.
  • Typical developers include polar and non-polar liquids and dry powdered electroscopic materials. It is desirable that the developers be compatible with the particular materials they come in contact with during the development.
  • the liquid developer may have any suitable pigment dispersed or dye dissolved therein.
  • Typical liquid developers useful may be selected from the commercially available water, oil and alcohol based inks and include among others as vehicles mineral oil, castor oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, corn oil, rape seed oil, sunflower seed oil, oleic acid, polypropylene glycol, mineral spirits, glycerol and sorbitol.
  • Suitable colorants include carbon black and other particulate forms of carbon, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, I ultrarnarine blue, methylene I blue, methyl violet tannate.
  • Dispeisants, humidity control and DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following preferred nonlimiting example further defines, describes and exemplifies the technique of the present invention.
  • Example II is presented for comparative purposes. In the examples all parts and percentages are by weights unless otherwise specified.
  • a rotatably mounted machine surfaced steel cylindrical roll is positioned as a developer feed such that the lower portion thereof is in a developer bath containing liquid developer of the following composition by weight:
  • Microlith CT Light Mineral Oil 45 parts by weight Microlith CT 27 parts by weight Ganex V216 23 parts by weight VM550 Methyl 4 parts by weight Paraflint RG Wax 1 parts by weight
  • Microlith CT is a resinated predispersed carbon black pigment composed of about 40 percent carbon black and 60 percent ester-gum resin and manufactured by CIBA.
  • Ganex V216 is an alkylated polyvinyl pyrrolidone dispersant manufactured by GAF Corp.
  • VM550 is a flushed pigment in mineral oil manufactured by Magruder Color Co.
  • Paraflint is a hard synthetic wax manufactured by Moore and Munger Co.
  • the feed roll as it rotates in the bath picks up developer and on further rotation delivers this developer to a rotatably mounted cylindrical applicator roll having a trihelicoid surface pattern of about 180 threads per inch cut at an angle of about 45 to the axisand to adepth of about 0.002 inches. After this transfer the developer'is uniformly presented on the applicator roll in excessive quantities.
  • edge and comer doctor blade at each end of the applicator roll made of a phenolic resin bound paper laminate and about 0.030 inches thick and positioned at an angle of about to the tangent at the line of contact between the applicator roll and blade removes excess developer from both edge and both corners of the applicator roll.
  • edge and comer doctor blade at each end of the applicator roll made of a phenolic resin bound paper laminate and about 0.030 inches thick and positioned at an angle of about to the tangent at the line of contact between the applicator roll and blade removes excess developer from both edge and both corners of the applicator roll.
  • a principal stainless steel doctor blade about 0.008 inches thick and positioned at an angle of about 60 to the tangent at the line of contact between the applicator roll and blade and extending the entire length of the applicator roll provides the final doctoring of the applicator roll.
  • the applicator roll further rotates to contact the image bearing surface which in this example is a paper backed zinc oxide binder layer which has previously been charged and exposed in conventional manner.
  • the applicator roll is rotatably advanced over the zinc oxide paper to develop the image.
  • the developer on the zinc oxide paper is transferred to Xerox 4024 Paper in image configuration. The print was of acceptable quality.
  • Example II The procedure of Example I is repeated with the exception that the edge and comer doctor blades are removed. All prints were of unacceptable quality since very noticeable streaks of background are obtained on both edges of the copy paper.
  • a development system comprising means to feed developer to an applicator surface, comer and edge doctoring means to provide a gross doctoring of the comers and edges of the applicator surface, principal doctoring means to provide a uniform doctoring along a line extending across the entire applicator surface, an imaging surface bearing an image'to be developed, means to sequentially drive the applicator surface through the developer feed means, the corner and edge doctoring means, the principal doctoring means and position the applicator surface in developing configuration with the image bearing surface.
  • a development system comprising,
  • a development system comprising a path defining movable developer applicator surface and sequentially positioned along the applicator surface path a developer feed means, an edge and corner applicator surface doctoring means, principal applicator surface doctoring means, an imaging surface in developing engagement with the applicator surface and means to move the applicator surface along the means defining path.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Paper Feeding For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
US838141A 1969-07-01 1969-07-01 Developing systems Expired - Lifetime US3667428A (en)

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US83814169A 1969-07-01 1969-07-01

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AR (1) AR195534A1 (de)
AT (1) AT312420B (de)
BE (1) BE752805A (de)
BR (1) BR7019952D0 (de)
CH (1) CH543753A (de)
CS (1) CS164275B2 (de)
DE (1) DE2031779C3 (de)
DK (1) DK126528B (de)
ES (1) ES194607Y (de)
FR (1) FR2060022B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1320232A (de)
NL (1) NL7009756A (de)
PL (1) PL71022B1 (de)
SE (1) SE366126B (de)
SU (1) SU420196A3 (de)
ZA (1) ZA704475B (de)

Cited By (40)

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US3754526A (en) * 1971-12-17 1973-08-28 Ibm Electrophotographic development apparatus
US3759220A (en) * 1970-11-04 1973-09-18 Canon Kk Cleaning device in electrophotography
US3841265A (en) * 1972-08-14 1974-10-15 Zerox Corp Developer assembly for electrostatic copier
JPS5087653A (de) * 1973-12-05 1975-07-14
US3900003A (en) * 1973-06-15 1975-08-19 Canon Kk Liquid developing device for electrophotography
US3905332A (en) * 1972-11-13 1975-09-16 Ricoh Kk Electrophotographic developing apparatus using developing roller
US3906896A (en) * 1972-01-03 1975-09-23 Xerox Corp Ink applicator
US3921580A (en) * 1974-06-12 1975-11-25 Varian Associates Liquid development of electrostatic images
US3945723A (en) * 1973-09-07 1976-03-23 Xerox Corporation Resilient roller
US3974554A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-08-17 Xerox Corporation Quadrangular trihelicoid gravure roll
US3978817A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-09-07 Xerox Corporation Patterned gravure and doctoring means therefor
US3980404A (en) * 1974-07-26 1976-09-14 Xerox Corporation Xerographic apparatus having improved fluid dispensing member
US3993020A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-11-23 Xerox Corporation Blade applicator assembly
US3999515A (en) * 1975-02-03 1976-12-28 Xerox Corporation Self-spacing microfield donors
US4019816A (en) * 1975-05-16 1977-04-26 Xerox Corporation Coating system having a composite applicator assembly provided with a reciprocating blade
US4020788A (en) * 1974-11-20 1977-05-03 Xerox Corporation Doctoring means
US4023900A (en) * 1972-03-22 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Variable speed liquid development electrostatographics apparatus
US4024834A (en) * 1974-09-24 1977-05-24 Xerox Corporation Temperature compensated doctor blade
US4024838A (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-05-24 Rank Xerox Ltd. Developer liquid supplying device
US4029826A (en) * 1973-10-09 1977-06-14 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrostatic printing method
US4043657A (en) * 1975-03-24 1977-08-23 Xerox Corporation Blade for metering liquid developer
US4068938A (en) * 1974-09-24 1978-01-17 Rank Xerox Ltd. Electrostatic color printing utilizing discrete potentials
US4161360A (en) * 1976-12-31 1979-07-17 Xerox Corporation Liquid development apparatus
US4189226A (en) * 1976-09-30 1980-02-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image on a slide film
US4245023A (en) * 1973-01-10 1981-01-13 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Method for the development of electrostatic charge images
DE3605288A1 (de) * 1985-02-19 1986-08-21 Kyocera Corp., Kyoto Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bildung einer tonerschicht
US4720731A (en) * 1985-06-17 1988-01-19 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Device for supplying developing solution
US5132735A (en) * 1991-06-27 1992-07-21 Xerox Corporation Development apparatus with toner diverting members
USRE34724E (en) * 1977-09-10 1994-09-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developing apparatus for electrostatic image
US5387966A (en) * 1992-05-22 1995-02-07 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Developing apparatus and method including grooved developer carrying roller
US5697026A (en) * 1994-09-09 1997-12-09 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Developing device having the lengths of two toner transporting rollers and an image bearing member in specific relationships
US5826148A (en) * 1995-04-27 1998-10-20 Minolta Co., Ltd. Liquid developer transporting device and liquid developing device
US6311034B1 (en) * 1997-08-27 2001-10-30 Pfu Limited Wet type electrophotography apparatus to evenly apply developing solution on a developing roller
US6405008B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2002-06-11 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus using a developing liquid, developing device therefor and program recording medium
US7013104B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2006-03-14 Lexmark International, Inc. Toner regulating system having toner regulating member with metallic coating on flexible substrate
US20070006765A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-11 Comital S.P.A. Decorating an elongated element
US7236729B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2007-06-26 Lexmark International, Inc. Electrophotographic toner regulating member with induced strain outside elastic response region
US20090084311A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Junichi Yoshida Liquid application apparatus and inkjet recording apparatus
CN107024845A (zh) * 2016-02-01 2017-08-08 株式会社宫腰 湿式显影装置
US10488785B2 (en) * 2017-02-14 2019-11-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developing unit, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus including process cartridge

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NL183059C (nl) * 1974-06-27 1988-07-01 Oce Van Der Grinten Nv Vloeistofaanbrenginrichting.
JPS5560960A (en) * 1978-10-31 1980-05-08 Agfa Gevaert Nv Composition for developing electrostatic image and method of development
US5998081A (en) * 1992-12-04 1999-12-07 Xerox Corporation Development processes
US5666615A (en) * 1995-02-03 1997-09-09 Hewlett-Packard Company Minimal liquid carrier transfer in an image formation process

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US3383209A (en) * 1960-11-08 1968-05-14 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Electrophotographic process including selective wetting by the developer liquid
US3176649A (en) * 1962-02-07 1965-04-06 Boston Machine Works Co Duplex coating machine
US3176611A (en) * 1962-11-08 1965-04-06 Markem Machine Co Ink reservoir

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Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3759220A (en) * 1970-11-04 1973-09-18 Canon Kk Cleaning device in electrophotography
US3754526A (en) * 1971-12-17 1973-08-28 Ibm Electrophotographic development apparatus
US3906896A (en) * 1972-01-03 1975-09-23 Xerox Corp Ink applicator
US4023900A (en) * 1972-03-22 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Variable speed liquid development electrostatographics apparatus
US3841265A (en) * 1972-08-14 1974-10-15 Zerox Corp Developer assembly for electrostatic copier
US3905332A (en) * 1972-11-13 1975-09-16 Ricoh Kk Electrophotographic developing apparatus using developing roller
US4245023A (en) * 1973-01-10 1981-01-13 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Method for the development of electrostatic charge images
US3900003A (en) * 1973-06-15 1975-08-19 Canon Kk Liquid developing device for electrophotography
US3945723A (en) * 1973-09-07 1976-03-23 Xerox Corporation Resilient roller
US4029826A (en) * 1973-10-09 1977-06-14 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrostatic printing method
JPS5549744B2 (de) * 1973-12-05 1980-12-13
JPS5087653A (de) * 1973-12-05 1975-07-14
US3921580A (en) * 1974-06-12 1975-11-25 Varian Associates Liquid development of electrostatic images
US3980404A (en) * 1974-07-26 1976-09-14 Xerox Corporation Xerographic apparatus having improved fluid dispensing member
US4068938A (en) * 1974-09-24 1978-01-17 Rank Xerox Ltd. Electrostatic color printing utilizing discrete potentials
US4024834A (en) * 1974-09-24 1977-05-24 Xerox Corporation Temperature compensated doctor blade
US4020788A (en) * 1974-11-20 1977-05-03 Xerox Corporation Doctoring means
US3999515A (en) * 1975-02-03 1976-12-28 Xerox Corporation Self-spacing microfield donors
US4043657A (en) * 1975-03-24 1977-08-23 Xerox Corporation Blade for metering liquid developer
US3993020A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-11-23 Xerox Corporation Blade applicator assembly
US4019816A (en) * 1975-05-16 1977-04-26 Xerox Corporation Coating system having a composite applicator assembly provided with a reciprocating blade
US3978817A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-09-07 Xerox Corporation Patterned gravure and doctoring means therefor
US3974554A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-08-17 Xerox Corporation Quadrangular trihelicoid gravure roll
US4024838A (en) * 1976-05-07 1977-05-24 Rank Xerox Ltd. Developer liquid supplying device
US4189226A (en) * 1976-09-30 1980-02-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image on a slide film
US4161360A (en) * 1976-12-31 1979-07-17 Xerox Corporation Liquid development apparatus
USRE34724E (en) * 1977-09-10 1994-09-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developing apparatus for electrostatic image
DE3605288A1 (de) * 1985-02-19 1986-08-21 Kyocera Corp., Kyoto Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bildung einer tonerschicht
US4720731A (en) * 1985-06-17 1988-01-19 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Device for supplying developing solution
US5132735A (en) * 1991-06-27 1992-07-21 Xerox Corporation Development apparatus with toner diverting members
US5387966A (en) * 1992-05-22 1995-02-07 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Developing apparatus and method including grooved developer carrying roller
US5697026A (en) * 1994-09-09 1997-12-09 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Developing device having the lengths of two toner transporting rollers and an image bearing member in specific relationships
US5826148A (en) * 1995-04-27 1998-10-20 Minolta Co., Ltd. Liquid developer transporting device and liquid developing device
US6311034B1 (en) * 1997-08-27 2001-10-30 Pfu Limited Wet type electrophotography apparatus to evenly apply developing solution on a developing roller
US6405008B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2002-06-11 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus using a developing liquid, developing device therefor and program recording medium
US6501932B2 (en) * 1999-04-23 2002-12-31 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus using a developing liquid, developing device therefor and program recording medium
US7013104B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2006-03-14 Lexmark International, Inc. Toner regulating system having toner regulating member with metallic coating on flexible substrate
US7236729B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2007-06-26 Lexmark International, Inc. Electrophotographic toner regulating member with induced strain outside elastic response region
US20070006765A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-11 Comital S.P.A. Decorating an elongated element
US20090084311A1 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Junichi Yoshida Liquid application apparatus and inkjet recording apparatus
CN107024845A (zh) * 2016-02-01 2017-08-08 株式会社宫腰 湿式显影装置
US9891556B2 (en) * 2016-02-01 2018-02-13 Miyakoshi Printing Machinery Co., Ltd. Wet type developing device
CN107024845B (zh) * 2016-02-01 2020-08-14 株式会社宫腰 湿式显影装置
US10488785B2 (en) * 2017-02-14 2019-11-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developing unit, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus including process cartridge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SU420196A3 (ru) 1974-03-15
NL7009756A (de) 1971-01-05
DE2031779A1 (de) 1971-01-14
ES194607Y (es) 1975-06-01
CS164275B2 (de) 1975-11-07
JPS4910259B1 (de) 1974-03-09
AR195534A1 (es) 1973-10-23
ES194607U (es) 1975-01-01
CH543753A (de) 1973-10-31
AT312420B (de) 1973-12-27
BR7019952D0 (pt) 1973-01-25
DK126528B (da) 1973-07-23
DE2031779C3 (de) 1979-05-17
GB1320232A (en) 1973-06-13
FR2060022B1 (de) 1973-01-12
ZA704475B (en) 1971-04-28
BE752805A (fr) 1971-01-04
DE2031779B2 (de) 1978-07-06
FR2060022A1 (de) 1971-06-11
PL71022B1 (de) 1974-04-30
SE366126B (de) 1974-04-08

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