US3666572A - Process for the continuous heat treatment of a low alloy steel wire material - Google Patents

Process for the continuous heat treatment of a low alloy steel wire material Download PDF

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US3666572A
US3666572A US792661*A US3666572DA US3666572A US 3666572 A US3666572 A US 3666572A US 3666572D A US3666572D A US 3666572DA US 3666572 A US3666572 A US 3666572A
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steel
temperature
point
wire
diameter
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Akira Nakagawa
Kazumasa Inoue
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Suzuki Metal Industry Co Ltd
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Suzuki Metal Industry Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods

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  • This invention relates to a novel process for heat treating such materials as wires, rods, bars or strips made of a steel containing, on the basis of weight, 0.l50.65% carbon, at least one of up to 2.20% silicon, up to 2.05% manganese, 0.20-2.70% chromium, (US-3.80% nickel, 0.l52.10% molybdenum, 0.70l.20% aluminum, 050 150 tungsten, 0.10-0.50% vanadium, up to 0.006% boron, up to 0.05% niobium, up to 0.15% titanium and up to 0.15% zirconium, the balance being iron and incidental impurities; said process comprising cooling the materials such as the wires, rods, bars or strips to a temperature immediately above the Ms point thereof at a suitable cooling rate corresponding to the kind of steel the materials are made of and the diameter or thickness of the material and then reheating the thus-cooled materials.
  • this process is characterized by, while passing the materials continuously through a heat-treating apparatus, heating the materials at a temperature above their A trans-formation point for a suitably short time, this time being determined by calculating on the basis 0.10-2.0 minutes per mm. of diameter or thickness of the material, cooling the thus-heated materials to a temperature immediately above their Ms point at a cooling rate not lower than their lower critical cooling rate, this rate varying with the kind of steel the materials are made of and the diameter or thickness of the materials and then reheating the materials so cooled to a temperature below their A, transformation point, thereby allowing the materials to become mainly fine pearlite in structure.
  • Wires, rods, bars and strips made of such low alloy steel when treated by the conventional heat treating processes, have a low strength because they are annealed in a bundle or coil and have a poor cold workability because they become spheroidal cementite (the carbide being spheroidized) or coarse pearlite in structure.
  • Table 1 shows the results obtained from the test in which wire materials made of a chromiumvanadium (Cr-V) alloy steel and heat treated in the conventional manner, were drawn into finer wires which were then tested for tensile strength, reduction of area and elongation.
  • the table shows that some of the finer wires so obtained, which are coarse pearlite in structure, remarkably increase in toughness and are unable of being further drawn when drawn to such an extent that a reduction of area of approximately 60% is reached, and that the remaining finer wires, which are spheroidal cementite in structure, also behave in this manner when drawn to an extent that a reduction of area of nearly 67% is obtained.
  • the process of this invention is different from conventional processes and comprises continuously heat treating wires, rods, bars and strips to provide them with superior subsequent workability although they can have excellent toughness and strength without any other treatments after the heat treatment.
  • the conventional processes for the continuous heat treatment of wires include a patenting process for the manufacture of cold-drawn wires such as music spring steel wires and other hard drawn wires, an oil quenching and tempering process for the manufacture of various oil tempered wires, and the like.
  • the patenting process can be applied only to carbon steel wires and it comprises heating a carbon steel wire to a predetermined temperature above the A transformation point thereof and then allowing the thus-heated steel to cool in the air or keeping it in a bath of molten lead to effect its semi-isothermal transformation.
  • the oil quenching and tempering process comprises heating a wire likewise to a temperature above the A transformation point thereof, quenching the heated wire in oil and then tempering the quenched Wire at a predetermined temperature.
  • wires in a coil being heat-treated are placed on the pay-off stand of a heat treating apparatus, thereafter pulled at their end to pass them through the heat treating unit of the apparatus and then wound on a take-up block.
  • the process of this invention comprises heating low alloy steel wires, rods, bars and strips to a temperature above the A transformation point thereof, thereafter cooling the heated materials at a cooling rate not lower than the lower critical cooling rate thereof to a temperature immediately above the Ms point thereof by using suitable means and then reheating the cooled materials to a temperature not higher than the A transformation point thereof.
  • This is accomplished, as in the case of the wires treated by the patenting and the continuous oil quenching and tempering process previously mentioned, by heating, cooling and reheating the starting wires in a continuous way, and then rewinding the thustreated wires on a take-up block, while introducing the starting wires on the pay-off stand to a heat treating apparatus.
  • the process of this invention has advantages in that it requires a shorter time to heat treat materials to be treated and can treat several tons of materials such as wires simultaneously thereby rendering itself very economical and providing the materials with superior mechanical properties and cold workability.
  • It comprises austenitizing a starting low alloy steel material in a short time, continuously cooling at a suitable cooling rate corresponding to the kind and diameter or thickness of the material to a temperature immediately above the Ms point thereof by, for example, allowing the austenitized material to cool in the air or subjecting it to cooling with forcibly circulated air or with heated air so that the cooled material has a singleor multiphase structure such as supercooled austenite, supercooled austenite-bainite, supercooled austenite-bainite-ferrite, supercooled austenite-bainite-ferrite-pearlite or the like, and then reheating the cooled material to a temperature not higher than the transformation point A thereof to transform the supercooled austenite to fine pearlite or the coexisting bainite to secondary pearlite.
  • the structure thus obtained is fine perlite and is dilferent from spheroidal cementite, coarse pearlite and the like, and the material having the fine pearlite structure is superior not only in toughness, strength and severe workability but also in capacity of being cold-drawn or cold-rolled, thereby allowing it to be drawn into a material having a smaller diameter or thickness with less frequent intermediate heat treatments.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A Cr-V steel wire having a diameter of 9 mm., was continuously passed through a heat treating apparatus, and was simultaneously heated to a soaking temperature of 920 C. higher than its A transformation point and maintained at this temperature for 2.2 minutes, cooled in the air to a temperature of 455 C. immediately above its Ms point, reheated to a temperature of 550 C. below its A transformation point for a period of 2.8 minutes and then allowed to cool in the air.
  • the wire so treated according to this invention was cold drawn to the extent that its original diameter 9.0 mm. was reduced finally to 2.9 mm., during which test pieces having the respective diameters of 7.4, 5.7, 4.1, 3.7 and 2.9 mm. were sampled.
  • Table 5 shows that in spite of the heat treatment for a shorter period of time, the heat-treated wire samples which had been drawn to the extent that the reduction of area thereof reached the values between approximately 87 and 93% at the end of the cold drawing, still indicated 4 the final reduction of area of 20 45% and elongation of 1.5-3.0% which represent excellent cold workability.
  • EXAMPLES 7-12 This invention can also be applied to the heat treatment of wires having a smaller diameter. This was confirmed and proved true by heat treating the wire samples, the chemical compositions of which are respectively shown in Table 3, under the conditions shown in Table 6, cold drawing the heat treated samples at ambient temperatures, testing the drawn samples for mechanical properties which are shown in Table 7 and then comparing the results of this table with those of Table 5.
  • EXAMPLES 13-18 wire samples of Cr-Si steel having the same composition as the one shown in Table 3 were heat treated under the conditions indicated in Table 8.
  • the mechanical properties of the wire samples thus treated are also shown in Table 8, from which it is seen that all the starting samples have each come to have excellent capacity of being drawn after the heat treatment at the different temperature not lower than the transformation point thereof during the different period of treating time.
  • the soaking temperature and time which may practically be employed in this case, are the temperature from the A transformation point of Acm transformation point up to approximately 950 C. and the time of nearly two minutes per 1.0 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the continuous cooling transformation of a Cr-Si steel wire, of a 4 mm diameter which contains 0.54% carbon, 1.43% silicon, 0.53% manganese, the balance consisting substantially of iron and which has been heat treated at a temperature of 900 C. for 5 minutes before cooling; and
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged photograph (magnification: 8000) showing the fine pearlite structure of a Cr-Si steel wire heat treated by the process according to this invention, which process comprises heating a starting Cr-Si steel wire of a 4 mm. diameter having the same composition as the Cr-Si steel in Table 3 at 880 C. for 1.6 minutes, air-cooling the heated wire to 375 C. and then reheating the cooled wire at a soaking temperature of 600 C. for 2 minutes to produce said heat-treated Cr-Si steel wire.
  • test pieces of each of a Cr-Si steel wire and a Cr-V wire, the wires being 4.5 mm. in diam eter were heat treated under the same conditions except that they were reheated at the respective soaking temperatures different from one another within the range of 650 C. to 400 C., as shown in Table 9, in order to find the variation of the thus-treated test pieces in mechanical properties.
  • compositions of the steel wires used were as follows:
  • Cr-Si steel wire 0.53% C, 1.58% Si, 0.78% Mn, 0.012% P, 0.012% S, 0.67% Cr, the balance consisting of Fe and impurities.
  • Cr-V steel wire 0.51% C, 0.22% Si, 0.81% Mn, 0.011% P, 0.009% S, 0.93% Cr, 0.19% V, the balance con sisting of Fe and impurities.
  • TAB LE 9 [Variation of Cr-Si steel and Cr-V steel in mechanical properties with change in temperature at which the steel is reheated] Heating conditions Reheating conditions Mechanical properties Soaking Soaking Cooling Soaking Soaking Ex. temp. C.) time (min.) condition temp. 0.) time (min.) T.S. (kg/mm E. ILA/I.
  • Air-cooled Remarks: 'I.S., E. and R.A.'1. are as defined in Table 5.
  • EXAMPLES 31-33 Test pieces of a Cr-Si steel wire having a 4.5-mm. diameter and the same composition as the Cr-Si steel wire bainite-ferrite, when the wire samples heated are cooled :to a temperature immediately above the Ms point thereof.
  • the Cr-V steel wire used as the starting material contained 0.53 C, 0.30 Si, 0.74 Mn, 0.013 P, 0.014 S, 1.07 Cr, 0.20 V, the baalnoe consisting of Fe and incidental impurities.
  • test pieces of the starting wire were [Efiects of heating conditions (soaking temperature and time) on mechanical properties of Cr-Si steel] Reheating conditions Heating conditions Soaking Soaking 1 Soaking Soaking Cooling temp. e '1.S. E. R.A.T. Ex. temp. C.) time (min.) condition 0.) (min.) (kgJmmfl) 31 880 1. 8 Air-co3%l5ed to 2. 2 112. 2 11.0 55.3
  • T.S., E. and R.A.T. are as previously defined.
  • curves A, B and C are the cooling rate curves which each show that the heat treated Cr-Si steel sample varies in structure with its diameter or thickness, kind of steel and cooling rate after heating.
  • Cunve A indicates the formation of a supercooled austenite
  • B the formation of a supercooled austenitebainite
  • C the formation of a supercooled austenite- TABLE 2
  • Consical compositions of alloy steels which may be used in the practice of this invention (percentfl Kind of alloy steel Si MN P 8 Cr V B Cr-V steel 0. 45-0. 55 0. -0. 0. 65-0. 95 Up to 0.035 Up to 0.035 0. 80-1. 10 0.15-1.10 Cr-Si steel 0. -0. 1. 20-1. 50 0. 50-0.
  • R.A.D. Reduction of area reached at the end of drawing.
  • T.S. Te11sile strength.
  • R.A.T. Reduct1on of area obtained in tension test. 10.: Elongation. V.H.:Vickers hardness.
  • Heating treating conditions for wires having a smaller diameter Heating conditions Reheating conditions Diameter of Soaking Soaking Soaking Soaking Soaking Example Kind of steel wire (min.) temp. 0.) time (min.) Mode of cooling temp. 0.) time (min.)
  • TAB LE 7 [Variation of mechanical properties of wires with change in diameter thereof by drawing them-the wires being heat treated according to this invention]
  • D.W. (111111.) 4. 5 3. 5 3. 0 2. 85 l. 5 1. 2 R.A.D. 0 36.0 55. 0 60. 0 88. 9 92. 8
  • Heating conditions Reheating conditions invention in diameter (R.A.D.: 88.6%)
  • T.S., R.A.T., E., and R.A.D. are as defined in Table 5.
  • a process for heat treating a low alloy steel wire, rod, bar or strip material wherein the material to be treated is made of a Cr-V-steel consisting essentially of 0.45 to 0.55% carbon, 0.15 to 0.35% silicon, 0.65 to 0.95% manganese, 0.80 to 1.10% chromium, 0.15 to 0.25% vanadium, the balance consisting of iron and incidental impurities, characterized by firstly heating the material at a temperature not lower than the A transformation point there of and keeping it at that temperature for a suitably short time, determined on the basis of 0.12.0 minutes per mm.
  • the temperature not lower than the A point is 820 C. to 950 C.
  • the temperature above the Ms point is more than 318 C. to 418 C.
  • the temperature not higher than the A point is 500 to 650 C.
  • a process for heat treating a low alloy steel wire rod, bar or strip material wherein the material to be treated is made of a Cr-Si steel consitsing essentially of 0.50 to lower than the lower critical cooling rate thereof, the 0.60% carbon, 1.20 to 1.60% silicon, 0.50 to 0.80% manganese, 0.50 to 0.80% chromium, the balance consisting of iron and incidental impurities, characterized by firstly heating the material at a temperature not lower than the A transformation point thereof and keeping it at that temperature for a suitably short time, determined on the basis of 0. 12.0 minutes per mm.
  • the temperature not lower than the A point is 820 C. to 950 C.
  • the temperature above the Ms point is more than 319 C. to 419 C.
  • the temperature not higher than the A point is 500 to 650 C.
  • a process for heat treating a low alloy steel wire rod, bar or strip material wherein the material to be treated is made of a boron steel consisting essentially of 0.50 to 0.60% carbon, 0.15 to 0.35% silicon, 0.65 to 0.95% manganese, 0.65 to 0.95% chromium, not less than 0.0005% boron and the balance consisting of iron and incidental impurities, characterized by firstly heating the material at a temperature not lower than the A transformation point thereof and keeping it at that temperature for a suitably short time, determined on the basis of 0.1-2.0 minutes per mm.
  • the temperature not lower than the A point is 820 C. to 950 C.
  • the temperature above the Ms point is more than 298 C. to 398 C. and the temperature not higher than the A; point is 500 to 650 C.
  • a process for heat treating a low alloy steel wire rod, bar or strip material wherein the material to be treated is made of a Si-Mn steel consisting essentially of 0.55 to 0.65% carbon, 1.50 to 2.20% silicon, 0.70 to 1.0% manganese, the balance consisting of iron and incidental impurities, characterized by firstly heating the material at a temperature not lower than the A transformation point thereof and keeping it at that temperature for a suitably short time, determined on the basis of 0.12.0 minutes per mm.
  • the temperature not lower than the A point is 820 C. to 950 C.
  • the temperature above the Ms point is more than 314 C. to 414 C.
  • the temperature not higher than the A point is 500 to 650 C.
  • a process for heat treating a low alloy steel 'Wire, rod, bar or strip material wherein the material to be treated is made of a Mn-Cr steel consisting essentially of 0.50 to 0.60% carbon, 0.15 to 0.35% silicon, 0.65 to 0.95% manganese, 0.65 to 0.95 chromium, the balance consisting of iron and incidental impurities, characterized by firstly heating the material at a temperature not lower than the A transformation point thereof and keeping it at that temperature for a suitably short time, determined on the basis of 0.1-2.0 minutes per mm.
  • the temperature not lower than the A point is 820 C. to 950 C.
  • the temperature above the Ms point is more than 320 to 420 C. and the tem perature not higher than the A; point is 500 to 650 C.

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US792661*A 1968-01-24 1969-01-21 Process for the continuous heat treatment of a low alloy steel wire material Expired - Lifetime US3666572A (en)

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4040872A (en) * 1976-04-16 1977-08-09 Lasalle Steel Company Process for strengthening of carbon steels
US4046600A (en) * 1973-12-17 1977-09-06 Kobe Steel Ltd. Method of producing large diameter steel rods
US4123296A (en) * 1973-12-17 1978-10-31 Kobe Steel, Ltd. High strength steel rod of large gauge
US4168993A (en) * 1978-08-10 1979-09-25 Morgan Construction Company Process and apparatus for sequentially forming and treating steel rod
US4175985A (en) * 1977-05-13 1979-11-27 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Method of producing steel sections of improved quality
US4222257A (en) * 1977-04-21 1980-09-16 Hamburger Stahlwerke Gmbh Method of manufacturing rolled wire rod
US4284438A (en) * 1977-06-20 1981-08-18 British Steel Corporation Manufacture of steel products
US4295902A (en) * 1979-02-28 1981-10-20 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Method of manufacturing rolled steel products with high elastic limit
US4343661A (en) * 1978-11-15 1982-08-10 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method of making a low temperature bainite steel alloy gear
US4375378A (en) * 1979-12-07 1983-03-01 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing spheroidized wire rod
US4704166A (en) * 1984-07-23 1987-11-03 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Process for the production of medium carbon steel wire rod
US5342700A (en) * 1989-12-22 1994-08-30 Compagnie Generale Des Establissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie Steel wire having a structure of a strain-hardened lower bainite type and method for producing such wire
US5542995A (en) * 1992-02-19 1996-08-06 Reilly; Robert Method of making steel strapping and strip and strapping and strip
US20050217763A1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2005-10-06 Soon-Tae Ahn Quenched and tempered steel wire with superior cold forging characteristics
US20080011394A1 (en) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-17 Tyl Thomas W Thermodynamic metal treating apparatus and method
US20120291681A1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-11-22 Schaffert Paul E Trash deflector
US9456542B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-10-04 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Debris assembly for an agricultural row unit
US9693497B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-07-04 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Mounting bracket for agricultural row unit
USD809391S1 (en) 2015-07-15 2018-02-06 Diageo North America, Inc. Bottle
US10060467B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2018-08-28 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Seed planter with equalizer assembly
US10830274B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2020-11-10 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Seed planter with equalizer assembly
US11723301B2 (en) 2016-01-25 2023-08-15 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Trailing arm device and assembly with parallel linkage
USD1028042S1 (en) 2014-08-25 2024-05-21 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Press wheel
US12030465B2 (en) 2021-05-21 2024-07-09 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Wheel scraper for agricultural planter

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046600A (en) * 1973-12-17 1977-09-06 Kobe Steel Ltd. Method of producing large diameter steel rods
US4123296A (en) * 1973-12-17 1978-10-31 Kobe Steel, Ltd. High strength steel rod of large gauge
US4040872A (en) * 1976-04-16 1977-08-09 Lasalle Steel Company Process for strengthening of carbon steels
US4222257A (en) * 1977-04-21 1980-09-16 Hamburger Stahlwerke Gmbh Method of manufacturing rolled wire rod
US4175985A (en) * 1977-05-13 1979-11-27 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Method of producing steel sections of improved quality
US4284438A (en) * 1977-06-20 1981-08-18 British Steel Corporation Manufacture of steel products
US4168993A (en) * 1978-08-10 1979-09-25 Morgan Construction Company Process and apparatus for sequentially forming and treating steel rod
US4343661A (en) * 1978-11-15 1982-08-10 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method of making a low temperature bainite steel alloy gear
US4295902A (en) * 1979-02-28 1981-10-20 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Method of manufacturing rolled steel products with high elastic limit
US4375378A (en) * 1979-12-07 1983-03-01 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing spheroidized wire rod
US4704166A (en) * 1984-07-23 1987-11-03 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Process for the production of medium carbon steel wire rod
US5342700A (en) * 1989-12-22 1994-08-30 Compagnie Generale Des Establissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie Steel wire having a structure of a strain-hardened lower bainite type and method for producing such wire
US5542995A (en) * 1992-02-19 1996-08-06 Reilly; Robert Method of making steel strapping and strip and strapping and strip
US20050217763A1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2005-10-06 Soon-Tae Ahn Quenched and tempered steel wire with superior cold forging characteristics
CN100427629C (zh) * 2002-07-11 2008-10-22 三和钢棒株式会社 具有优良冷锻性能的调质钢丝
US20080011394A1 (en) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-17 Tyl Thomas W Thermodynamic metal treating apparatus and method
US10060467B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2018-08-28 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Seed planter with equalizer assembly
US12305695B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2025-05-20 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Seed planter with equalizer assembly
US11852187B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2023-12-26 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Seed planter with equalizer assembly
US10830274B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2020-11-10 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Seed planter with equalizer assembly
US10448563B2 (en) 2010-12-21 2019-10-22 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Trash deflector
US20120291681A1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-11-22 Schaffert Paul E Trash deflector
US9326438B2 (en) * 2010-12-21 2016-05-03 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Trash deflector
US9693497B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-07-04 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Mounting bracket for agricultural row unit
US9456542B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-10-04 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Debris assembly for an agricultural row unit
USD1028042S1 (en) 2014-08-25 2024-05-21 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Press wheel
USD809391S1 (en) 2015-07-15 2018-02-06 Diageo North America, Inc. Bottle
US11723301B2 (en) 2016-01-25 2023-08-15 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Trailing arm device and assembly with parallel linkage
US12030465B2 (en) 2021-05-21 2024-07-09 Schaffert Manufacturing Company, Inc. Wheel scraper for agricultural planter

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