US3663315A - Gas carburization and carbonitriding - Google Patents

Gas carburization and carbonitriding Download PDF

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Publication number
US3663315A
US3663315A US810805A US3663315DA US3663315A US 3663315 A US3663315 A US 3663315A US 810805 A US810805 A US 810805A US 3663315D A US3663315D A US 3663315DA US 3663315 A US3663315 A US 3663315A
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United States
Prior art keywords
steel
gas
inhibitor
carbonitriding
percent
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Expired - Lifetime
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US810805A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maurice F Hoffman
Abram L Hodge
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for case hardening steel, and more particularly to a method for carburizing and carbonitriding of steel in the presence of a carbon containing gas mixture.
  • Case hardening is a method whereby carbon is diffused at high temperature into the surface layer of steel and caused to react with the iron. Carburization causes only carbon to be diffused into the iron, whereas carbonitriding is a case hardening process in which steel is held at an elevated temperature in a gaseous atmosphere from which it absorbs both carbon and nitrogen. The function of a carburizing atmosphere is to supply a sufficient quantity of carbon for absorption and diffusion into the steel.
  • the main sources of such carbon are carbonaceous gases and easily vaporized hydrocarbon liquids. If carbonitriding is to take place, ammonia or an other gas which provides nascent nitrogen is included in the atmosphere as the source of nitrogen.
  • Diffusion of carbon into the surface of the steel and reaction with the iron are generally carried out at a temperature in the range of from about 1,450 to 1,750 F preferably in the range of l,600 to l,700 F.
  • the steel is generally quenched into a quenching medium such as water or oil.
  • a quenching medium such as water or oil.
  • endothermically or exothermically generated carbon containing gases are presently used as the source of carbon for case hardening. Frequently, the production of these carbon containing gases, such as CO, require elaborate equipment in order to obtain the partial decomposition of the carbon containing gases which are then used for the carburizing atmosphere.
  • a carburizing gas consisting of nitrogen, hydrogen and natural gas would render case hardening more economical from the standpoint of initial capital investment and lower operating costs and would provide closer control of the carbon content than is possible with conventionally used case hardening atmospheres.
  • attempts at case hardening with natural gas mixtures have in the past resulted in sooting and poor carburization. Sooting is believed to be caused by the fact that more carbon is yielded from the decomposition of the carburizing gas atmosphere than the iron in the steel is capable of absorbing. Consequently, the excess carbon formed by the gas is precipitated and deposited upon the articles in the carburizing furnace. Sooting is obviously undesirable because it results in unclean work, uneven case hardening and retardation of the carburizing or carbonitriding reactions.
  • the present invention provides a method for case hardening steel comprising: heating steel having a carbon content from about 0.10 0.40 percent to a temperature in the range of from about l,450 to 1,750 E, for a period of about 3 to 5 hours, in contact with a gaseous atmosphere comprising an inert carrier gas of nitrogen with or without added hydrogen, and a hydrocarbon gas selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, natural gas and mixtures thereof, in the presence of a barium, calcium or strontium containing inhibitor.
  • the inhibitor may be used in the form of the pure metal, as an alloy of the metal or as a compound of the metal element.
  • a variety of barium, calcium and strontium compounds have been found useful as inhibitors in accordance with this invention, particularly the oxides, carbonates, hydroxides, and halides of these metals.
  • Suitable materials include BaO, BaCO Ba(OH) BaCl CaO, CaCO CaCl,, Ca(OH) SrO, SrCl SrCO and Sr(Ol-l),.
  • the inhibitors need not be in the form of compounds; they may be used as powders of pure metal or alloys bearing these metals.
  • the inhibitor in powdery or granular form may be dusted on the surface of the steel articles to be case hardened prior to being heated up to temperature in the furnace, or the carburizing gas atmosphere may be passed over a heated bed of the inhibitor having a temperature of at least 200 F. prior to coming in contact with the steel to be case hardened. It is also possible to construct the furnace lining of material containing the inhibitor.
  • a charge of steel articles having a carbon content of from 0.10 0.40 percent to be case hardened including gears, shafts and bearing parts were introduced into a conventional carburizing furnace which was then brought up to carburizing temperature while the carburizing atmosphere was circulated around the charge.
  • the specific compositions of the carburizing atmospheres used are shown in the table below (see Examples 1-3).
  • the carbon from the decomposed hydrocarbon gas diffuses into the surface layer of the charge.
  • ammonia is also added to the atmosphere.
  • the hydrocarbon gas content of the atmosphere should constitute about 2 to 12 percent (preferably 3 to 5 percent) of the total gas by volume with the remaining 88 to 98 percent consisting of a carrier gas.
  • the carrier gas should contain to 100 percent nitrogen and 0 to 10 percent hydrogen. Only traces of inhibitor appear to be required in the gas phase to be effective in elimination of sooting.
  • a method for case hardening carbon steel having a carbon content of from about 0.10 0.40 percent comprising heating said carbon steel to a temperature of from about 1,450 to l,750 F. for from about 3 to 5 hours, the improvement comprising: elimination of sooting by carrying out the said heating step in a gaseous atmosphere comprising an inert carrier gas comprising nitrogen and a hydrocarbon gas selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, natural gas and mixtures thereof, in the presence of an inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the oxides, hydroxides, and chlorides of calcium; the oxides, hydroxides, and chlorides of strontium; and the oxides, hydroxides and chlorides of barium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
US810805A 1969-03-26 1969-03-26 Gas carburization and carbonitriding Expired - Lifetime US3663315A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81080569A 1969-03-26 1969-03-26

Publications (1)

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US3663315A true US3663315A (en) 1972-05-16

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US810805A Expired - Lifetime US3663315A (en) 1969-03-26 1969-03-26 Gas carburization and carbonitriding

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3663315A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS4924327B1 (enExample)
BR (1) BR7017741D0 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2040026A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1308959A (enExample)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4049472A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-09-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Atmosphere compositions and methods of using same for surface treating ferrous metals
US4153485A (en) * 1974-12-28 1979-05-08 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Process for heating steel powder compacts
US4386972A (en) * 1973-10-26 1983-06-07 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method of heat treating ferrous metal articles under controlled furnace atmospheres
US4415379A (en) * 1981-09-15 1983-11-15 The Boc Group, Inc. Heat treatment processes
US4547228A (en) * 1983-05-26 1985-10-15 Procedyne Corp. Surface treatment of metals
US4776901A (en) * 1987-03-30 1988-10-11 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Nitrocarburizing and nitriding process for hardening ferrous surfaces
WO2001055471A1 (de) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-02 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zum karbonitrieren von kohlenstoffreichen und hochlegierten stählen
RU2235146C2 (ru) * 2002-02-26 2004-08-27 ОАО "Тульский проектно-конструкторский технологический институт машиностроения" Способ получения изделий из металлов и сплавов, имеющих слоистую структуру, обусловленную контрастными концентрациями легирующих элементов, например, углерода и азота, внедряемых в металл методом химико-термической обработки
GB2492054A (en) * 2011-06-13 2012-12-26 Charles Malcolm Ward-Close Adding or removing solute from a metal workpiece and then further processing

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2163476A1 (de) * 1971-12-21 1973-07-12 Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen Verfahren zur erhoehung der mechanischen festigkeit von glas-metall-verschmelzungen durch aufkohlen von eisen und eisenlegierungen
JPS5022726A (enExample) * 1973-07-02 1975-03-11
FR2288785A2 (fr) * 1974-10-21 1976-05-21 Air Liquide Procede de traitement thermique de l'acier et de controle dudit traitement

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US246861A (en) * 1881-09-13 Paul atjbe
US1848958A (en) * 1932-03-08 Generated in the habdening pttbnace
US1932032A (en) * 1932-01-28 1933-10-24 Surface Combustion Corp Continuous carburizing process
US1958575A (en) * 1930-06-02 1934-05-15 Nitralloy Corp Process for hardening iron, steel, and cast iron alloys by nitriding
US2089545A (en) * 1935-07-12 1937-08-10 John A Dow Method of producing gas for the carburization of steel
US2240146A (en) * 1938-10-06 1941-04-29 Harold J Ness Carburizing ferrous metals
GB573085A (en) * 1943-10-20 1945-11-06 Birmingham Electr Furnaces Ltd Improvements in the production of gaseous atmospheres for the cementation of iron and steel

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US246861A (en) * 1881-09-13 Paul atjbe
US1848958A (en) * 1932-03-08 Generated in the habdening pttbnace
US1958575A (en) * 1930-06-02 1934-05-15 Nitralloy Corp Process for hardening iron, steel, and cast iron alloys by nitriding
US1932032A (en) * 1932-01-28 1933-10-24 Surface Combustion Corp Continuous carburizing process
US2089545A (en) * 1935-07-12 1937-08-10 John A Dow Method of producing gas for the carburization of steel
US2240146A (en) * 1938-10-06 1941-04-29 Harold J Ness Carburizing ferrous metals
GB573085A (en) * 1943-10-20 1945-11-06 Birmingham Electr Furnaces Ltd Improvements in the production of gaseous atmospheres for the cementation of iron and steel

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4386972A (en) * 1973-10-26 1983-06-07 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method of heat treating ferrous metal articles under controlled furnace atmospheres
US4153485A (en) * 1974-12-28 1979-05-08 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Process for heating steel powder compacts
US4049472A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-09-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Atmosphere compositions and methods of using same for surface treating ferrous metals
US4415379A (en) * 1981-09-15 1983-11-15 The Boc Group, Inc. Heat treatment processes
US4547228A (en) * 1983-05-26 1985-10-15 Procedyne Corp. Surface treatment of metals
US4776901A (en) * 1987-03-30 1988-10-11 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Nitrocarburizing and nitriding process for hardening ferrous surfaces
WO2001055471A1 (de) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-02 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zum karbonitrieren von kohlenstoffreichen und hochlegierten stählen
RU2235146C2 (ru) * 2002-02-26 2004-08-27 ОАО "Тульский проектно-конструкторский технологический институт машиностроения" Способ получения изделий из металлов и сплавов, имеющих слоистую структуру, обусловленную контрастными концентрациями легирующих элементов, например, углерода и азота, внедряемых в металл методом химико-термической обработки
GB2492054A (en) * 2011-06-13 2012-12-26 Charles Malcolm Ward-Close Adding or removing solute from a metal workpiece and then further processing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4924327B1 (enExample) 1974-06-21
DE2013827B2 (de) 1975-09-04
DE2013827A1 (de) 1970-10-08
GB1308959A (en) 1973-03-07
FR2040026A5 (enExample) 1971-01-15
BR7017741D0 (pt) 1973-04-26

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AS Assignment

Owner name: MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MOR

Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNORS:UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP.,;STP CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.,;UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CO., INC., A CORP. OF PA.,;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004547/0001

Effective date: 19860106

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Owner name: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION,

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:MORGAN BANK (DELAWARE) AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:004665/0131

Effective date: 19860925