US3663204A - Method of measuring the thickness of a slag layer on metal baths - Google Patents

Method of measuring the thickness of a slag layer on metal baths Download PDF

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Publication number
US3663204A
US3663204A US25992A US3663204DA US3663204A US 3663204 A US3663204 A US 3663204A US 25992 A US25992 A US 25992A US 3663204D A US3663204D A US 3663204DA US 3663204 A US3663204 A US 3663204A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
slag
metal
probe
slag layer
lowered
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Expired - Lifetime
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US25992A
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English (en)
Inventor
Adalbert Jungwirth
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Voestalpine AG
Voest AG
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Voestalpine AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G01F23/241—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid for discrete levels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for measuring the thickness Foreign Application pnomy Data of a slag layer on metal baths in which a probe connected to an Apr. 15, 1969 Austria ..A 3609/69 electrical circuit and whose front surface is electrically conductive is lowered with constant speed through the slag layer 52 U.S. c1 ..75/49,266/34.2, 75/60, into the metal bath, the electrical conductivities 9f the Slag 324/65, 73/304 and the bath, or their electrical resistances respectively, being 51 1111. C1. ..C21c 7/10, G01f23/26, GOlr 27/26 recorded in dependence Oh the Speed with Which the probe is 58 Field ofSearch.
  • PATEMTEDMAY 16 I972 3,663 204 sum 2 or 2 INVENTOR.
  • ADALBERT JUNGWIRTH M 226 M g M A T TORNE Y5 METHOD OF MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF A SLAG LAYER N METAL BATHS The invention relates to a method for measuring the thickness of a slag layer on metal baths.
  • the liquid steel to be treated is periodically sucked through the tube of a degassing vessel from a stationary ladle into said vessel to be degassed there whereupon it flows back into the ladle, said degassing vessel being capable of moving up and down.
  • the ladle content is degassed in portions, the individual portions being the greater, the greater the lift of the degassing vessel may be adjusted to be at a given ladle height. It is advantageous to provide for a quicker throughput of the steel content of the ladle because apart from saving time in the treatment, it is above all possible to reduce the invariable temperature loss which amounts to about 13 to 1.7 C. per lift.
  • the upper dead point has to be chosen at a point where it is absolutely guaranteed that no liquid slag is sucked into the tube which would lead to the destruction of the refractory lining of the degassing vessel and would supply oxygen from the slag into the steel to be degassed which is highly undesired.
  • the invention is aimed at avoiding the described disadvantages and difficulties and in a method described in the introduction, resides in that a probe connected to an electrical circuit and whose front surface is electrically conductive is lowered with constant speed through the slag layer into the metal bath, the electrical conductivities of the slag and the bath, or their electrical resistances respectively, being recorded in dependence on the speed with which the probe is lowered.
  • the method according to the invention thus utilizes the different electrical conductivities of slag and metal.
  • the electrical conductivity of the slags normally encountered in iron metallurgy thus amounts to about 0.2 Siemens, while the conductivity of the liquid iron amounts to 0.8 Siemens.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly useful for controlling degassing processes in which a degassing vessel immersing with a tube into a slag-covered metal bath is periodically lifted and lowered.
  • a measuring arrangement is used in which the measuring probe is fixed to the bottom of the degassing vessel and has a length that the electrically conductive front surface of the probe is situated at the same height as the mouth of the tube.
  • FIG. 1 serves to illustrate how the method according to the invention works in a siphon degassing process
  • FIG. 2 shows how the slag layer may be measured in any vessel.
  • numeral 1 denotes a steel ladle filled with liquid metal 2 which is covered by a slag layer 3.
  • a degassing vessel 4 Above the ladle a degassing vessel 4 is arranged which is liftable and lowerable in the direction indicated by the double arrow 5.
  • This degassing vessel is provided with a tube 6 projecting into the interior of the ladle.
  • a measuring probe 7 At the bottom of the degassing vessel a measuring probe 7 is releasably attached by means of a flange 8 which is screwed to the part 10 of the jacket of the degassing vessel by means of screws 9.
  • An electrical insulation 11 is provided between the flange 8 and the part 10.
  • the probe itself comprises an electrical conductor 12 and a refractory electrical insulating sheath 13.
  • the length of the probe is such that its front surface is situated at the same height as the mouth of the tube 6.
  • the probe is connected via the electrical conductor l4 fixed to a base 15, 16, with a current source 17.
  • a current source 17 For the measurement direct current or alternating current with a voltage of 2-10 Volt is used.
  • the circuit is formed from one pole of the current source to the electrode 12 and on the other side by a connection to the rails 18 on which a vehicle 19 stands with its wheels 20, which vehicle carries the refractorily lined ladle 1.
  • FIG. 1 the front surface of the probe and thus the electrode just contacts the surface of the slag layer 3.
  • a current flows through the continuously conductive ladle wall 21, the ladle vehicle 19, the wheels 20 and the rails 18, and via the recording instrument 22 and/or a relay coil 23 to the second pole of the current source 17.
  • the recording instrument 22 comprises a recorder and a paper tape 25 which is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow 24.
  • the recorder will strike, indicating the intensity of current of the thus closed circuit.
  • the current intensity thus increases from the value 0, indicated on the paper tape 25 by the broken line 26, to a value 27.
  • the electrode When the electrode is lowered and touches the better conductive metal this current intensity changes to the value indicated schematically by the line 28.
  • the length of the line 27 When the tape feed of the recording instrument is adjusted to run synchronous with the lowering movement of the electrode, the length of the line 27 will be equal to the thickness of the slag layer D.
  • the relay contact 23 interrupts the downward movement of the degassing vessel at the moment when the change in the conductivity between the two media occurs, i.e. when the probe reaches the metal bath surface.
  • the probe heads position when it reaches the metal bath surface is denoted with 7'.
  • the tube 6 of the degassing vessel 4, which at its bottom end is provided with a slag fender 31, should be lowered below the metal bath level by a safety distance S before the degassing process starts.
  • FIG. 2 a ladle l is shown which is positioned on a ladle vehicle 19 exactly as in FIG. 1 and connected via the wheels 20 and the rails 18 by means of a similar switching arrangement as described in connection with FIG. 1, via the recording device 22 and the relay contact 23 with one pole of the current source 17.
  • the ladle contains a metal bath 2 covered by a slag layer 3. The thickness of the slag layer is to be measured.
  • a probe 7 formed exactly as described in FIG. 1 is suspended on a rope 32 which leads via electrically insulated rolls 33, 34
  • the rope 32 is electrically conductive and the winch 35 is connected via the conductor 14 with the second pole of the current source 17.
  • the probe In order to measure the slag thickness the probe is vertically or, in the case of shortage of space, slantingly introduced into the ladle or into another metallurgical vessel with constant speed and the current throughout is recorded on the recording device 22 on a paper tape 25, The feed speed of the recorder tape and the speed with which the probe is lowered are adjusted relative to each other in a manner that the slag thickness may be read directly from the device.
  • the weight 36 is suspended above the probe 7 on the rope 32 so that the probe may easily penetrate the slag layer and no mechanical resistance has to be overcome.
  • a method for ascertaining the upper dead point in a degassing process of a melt by vacuum treatment wherein a degassing vessel having a tube projecting with its lower end into a ladle containing said melt covered by a slag layer is periodically lifted and lowered comprising providing an electrical circuit including said ladle, a probe having an electrically conductive front surface and fixed to the degassing vessel in a manner that said electrically conductive front surface of said probe is situated at the same level as the lower end of the tube, and means for recording the electrical conductivities of said slag and said melt, lowering said degassing vessel together with said probe with constant speed through the slag layer into said melt, recording the electrical conductivities of said slag and said melt in dependence on the speed with which said probe is lowered into said melt, and interrupting lowering of the degassing vessel as soon as the probe reaches the melt, whereupon the degassing process is started.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US25992A 1969-04-15 1970-04-06 Method of measuring the thickness of a slag layer on metal baths Expired - Lifetime US3663204A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT360969A AT297073B (de) 1969-04-15 1969-04-15 Verfahren zur Messung der Dicke der Schlackenschicht auf metallischen Bädern, insbesondere auf durch Vakuumbehandlung zu entgasenden Schmelzen

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AT (1) AT297073B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2015789A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3850416A (en) * 1974-01-04 1974-11-26 Ford Motor Co Slag depth indicator
US4043800A (en) * 1973-10-27 1977-08-23 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Ag Method for monitoring and controlling the refining of crude iron
US4150974A (en) * 1977-07-19 1979-04-24 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company, Limited Indication of levels in receptacles
US4235423A (en) * 1979-02-06 1980-11-25 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Indication of levels in receptacles
US4325730A (en) * 1979-11-07 1982-04-20 Arbed S.A. Process for conditioning slag during the refining of a metal bath
US4334922A (en) * 1980-01-09 1982-06-15 Arbed S.A. Process for metal-bath refining
US4368877A (en) * 1979-09-28 1983-01-18 Arbed S.A. System for monitoring slag thickness and consistency in refining crucible
US4398948A (en) * 1978-12-05 1983-08-16 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Methods for controlling blowing, controlling the slag formation and predicting slopping in the blowing of molten pig iron in LD converter
US4504311A (en) * 1981-09-12 1985-03-12 Arbed S.A. Process and apparatus for a direct formation of molten iron
FR2596416A1 (fr) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-02 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Procede et dispositif de controle du positionnement d'une lance d'injection dans un recipient metallurgique
US4739975A (en) * 1985-11-05 1988-04-26 Foseco International Limited Continuous casting device
US4880212A (en) * 1987-09-28 1989-11-14 Geotronics Metaltech Ab Device for detecting the level of the slag in a metal pool
WO1995016056A1 (fr) * 1993-12-06 1995-06-15 Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat' Procede de controle de l'etat de la surface d'un metal en fusion et dispositif prevu a cet effet
US5827474A (en) * 1997-01-02 1998-10-27 Vesuvius Crucible Company Apparatus and method for measuring the depth of molten steel and slag
US6130637A (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-10-10 Usx Corporation Measuring the thickness of hot slag in steelmaking
US6166681A (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-12-26 Usx Corporation Measuring the thickness of materials
US6309442B1 (en) 2000-02-25 2001-10-30 John D. Usher Refractory material sensor for determining level of molten metal and slag and method of using
US6440355B1 (en) 2000-09-06 2002-08-27 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus for measuring bath level in a basic oxygen furnace to determine lance height adjustment
WO2010048751A1 (zh) * 2008-10-28 2010-05-06 东北大学 熔融金属液位的测量装置及测量方法
TWI382159B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 2009-01-22 2013-01-11
US20130038337A1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2013-02-14 Agellis Group Ab Measurements in metallurgical vessels
US20130197885A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2013-08-01 Hyundai Steel Company Method for predicting degree of contamination of molten steel during ladle exchange
CN104236444A (zh) * 2013-06-18 2014-12-24 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 一种金属膜厚度测量方法
US20170074816A1 (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-16 Baylor University Electromagnetic steam energy/quality, flow, and fluid property sensor and method
CN109238122A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2019-01-18 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 一种用于测量等离子体熔融炉熔渣层厚度的方法
CN109283212A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-01-29 安徽工业大学 一种铁矿粉同化反应温度及同化反应速度的检测方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4078911A (en) * 1977-02-07 1978-03-14 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Measurement of elevations in a float glass facility
US4470446A (en) * 1980-07-09 1984-09-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Method and apparatus for detecting molten metal surface level in a mold

Citations (9)

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BE635307A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
GB800177A (en) * 1955-08-22 1958-08-20 Scient Res I Ltd An improved method and apparatus for the vacuum treatment of molten metals
US2851404A (en) * 1952-09-20 1958-09-09 Standard Oil Co Thermistor sensitized servomechanism for automatic recording of volumetemperature distillation data
US2977217A (en) * 1957-05-23 1961-03-28 Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag Method for refining metal baths in rotary drum furnaces
US3062994A (en) * 1960-01-19 1962-11-06 Gilbert & Barker Mfg Co Electronic level sensing servosystem
US3378366A (en) * 1964-03-23 1968-04-16 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of inspection and control of the reaction performance during the oxygen blowing process
US3396960A (en) * 1964-12-30 1968-08-13 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of and apparatus for inspection and control of the reaction performance during the oxygen blowing process
US3485619A (en) * 1965-10-04 1969-12-23 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of automatic control and adjustment of oxygen blowing processes
US3505062A (en) * 1965-10-24 1970-04-07 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Method for positioning an oxygen lance

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE635307A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US2851404A (en) * 1952-09-20 1958-09-09 Standard Oil Co Thermistor sensitized servomechanism for automatic recording of volumetemperature distillation data
GB800177A (en) * 1955-08-22 1958-08-20 Scient Res I Ltd An improved method and apparatus for the vacuum treatment of molten metals
US2977217A (en) * 1957-05-23 1961-03-28 Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag Method for refining metal baths in rotary drum furnaces
US3062994A (en) * 1960-01-19 1962-11-06 Gilbert & Barker Mfg Co Electronic level sensing servosystem
US3378366A (en) * 1964-03-23 1968-04-16 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of inspection and control of the reaction performance during the oxygen blowing process
US3396960A (en) * 1964-12-30 1968-08-13 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of and apparatus for inspection and control of the reaction performance during the oxygen blowing process
US3485619A (en) * 1965-10-04 1969-12-23 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of automatic control and adjustment of oxygen blowing processes
US3505062A (en) * 1965-10-24 1970-04-07 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Method for positioning an oxygen lance

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4043800A (en) * 1973-10-27 1977-08-23 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Ag Method for monitoring and controlling the refining of crude iron
US3850416A (en) * 1974-01-04 1974-11-26 Ford Motor Co Slag depth indicator
US4150974A (en) * 1977-07-19 1979-04-24 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company, Limited Indication of levels in receptacles
US4398948A (en) * 1978-12-05 1983-08-16 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Methods for controlling blowing, controlling the slag formation and predicting slopping in the blowing of molten pig iron in LD converter
US4235423A (en) * 1979-02-06 1980-11-25 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Indication of levels in receptacles
US4368877A (en) * 1979-09-28 1983-01-18 Arbed S.A. System for monitoring slag thickness and consistency in refining crucible
US4325730A (en) * 1979-11-07 1982-04-20 Arbed S.A. Process for conditioning slag during the refining of a metal bath
US4345746A (en) * 1979-11-07 1982-08-24 Arbed S.A. Apparatus for refining ferrous melt with slag conditioning
US4334922A (en) * 1980-01-09 1982-06-15 Arbed S.A. Process for metal-bath refining
US4504311A (en) * 1981-09-12 1985-03-12 Arbed S.A. Process and apparatus for a direct formation of molten iron
US4739975A (en) * 1985-11-05 1988-04-26 Foseco International Limited Continuous casting device
FR2596416A1 (fr) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-02 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Procede et dispositif de controle du positionnement d'une lance d'injection dans un recipient metallurgique
EP0240444A1 (fr) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-07 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise (Irsid) Procédé et dispositif de contrôle du positionnement d'une lance d'injection dans un récipient metallurgique
US4880212A (en) * 1987-09-28 1989-11-14 Geotronics Metaltech Ab Device for detecting the level of the slag in a metal pool
WO1995016056A1 (fr) * 1993-12-06 1995-06-15 Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat' Procede de controle de l'etat de la surface d'un metal en fusion et dispositif prevu a cet effet
US5827474A (en) * 1997-01-02 1998-10-27 Vesuvius Crucible Company Apparatus and method for measuring the depth of molten steel and slag
US6255983B1 (en) 1998-08-18 2001-07-03 Usx Corp Degasser guide
US6130637A (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-10-10 Usx Corporation Measuring the thickness of hot slag in steelmaking
US6166681A (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-12-26 Usx Corporation Measuring the thickness of materials
US6309442B1 (en) 2000-02-25 2001-10-30 John D. Usher Refractory material sensor for determining level of molten metal and slag and method of using
US6440355B1 (en) 2000-09-06 2002-08-27 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Apparatus for measuring bath level in a basic oxygen furnace to determine lance height adjustment
US6797032B2 (en) 2000-09-06 2004-09-28 Isg Technologies Inc. Method for measuring bath level in a basic oxygen furnace to determine lance height adjustment
WO2010048751A1 (zh) * 2008-10-28 2010-05-06 东北大学 熔融金属液位的测量装置及测量方法
US20110063628A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2011-03-17 Zhi Xie Apparatus and method for measuring the liquid level of molten metal
CN101849167B (zh) * 2008-10-28 2011-06-01 东北大学 熔融金属液位的测量装置及测量方法
US8661891B2 (en) 2008-10-28 2014-03-04 Northeastern University Apparatus and method for measuring the liquid level of molten metal
TWI382159B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 2009-01-22 2013-01-11
US9063110B2 (en) * 2010-04-30 2015-06-23 Agellis Group Ab Measurements in metallurgical vessels
US20130038337A1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2013-02-14 Agellis Group Ab Measurements in metallurgical vessels
US20130197885A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2013-08-01 Hyundai Steel Company Method for predicting degree of contamination of molten steel during ladle exchange
US9460248B2 (en) * 2010-08-30 2016-10-04 Hyundai Steel Company Method for predicting degree of contamination of molten steel during ladle exchange
CN104236444A (zh) * 2013-06-18 2014-12-24 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 一种金属膜厚度测量方法
CN104236444B (zh) * 2013-06-18 2017-08-04 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 一种金属膜厚度测量方法
US20170074816A1 (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-16 Baylor University Electromagnetic steam energy/quality, flow, and fluid property sensor and method
US9964498B2 (en) * 2015-09-11 2018-05-08 Baylor University Electromagnetic steam energy/quality, flow, and fluid property sensor and method
CN109238122A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2019-01-18 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 一种用于测量等离子体熔融炉熔渣层厚度的方法
CN109283212A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-01-29 安徽工业大学 一种铁矿粉同化反应温度及同化反应速度的检测方法
CN109283212B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2022-03-29 安徽工业大学 一种铁矿粉同化反应温度及同化反应速度的检测方法

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DE2015789A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-10-22
AT297073B (de) 1972-03-10

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