US3651874A - Pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled reversible mechanism - Google Patents
Pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled reversible mechanism Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3651874A US3651874A US53216A US3651874DA US3651874A US 3651874 A US3651874 A US 3651874A US 53216 A US53216 A US 53216A US 3651874D A US3651874D A US 3651874DA US 3651874 A US3651874 A US 3651874A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nut
- compressed air
- air supply
- housing
- sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
- E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole
Definitions
- a pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled reversible mechanism for driving holes in the earth by compacting the soil around the hole being made, comprising a housing having a pointed end and receiving thereinside an impact member delivering successive impacts upon the housing, as this impact member is reciprocated interiorly of this housing in operation of the mechanism under the action of compressed air, the mechanism further including a compressed air supply sleeve connected with an air conduit member and threadedly secured in a nut for axial displacement relative to this nut, when the air conduit member is rotated.
- the nut associated with the compressed air supply sleeve, has a plurality of longitudinal oblique slits made therein, these slits defining therebetween a pair of resiliently deformable cantilever members projecting axially beyond the adjacent face end of the nut, the longitudinal axial lines of these cantilever members extending in opposition to the direction of the displacement of the compressed air supply sleeve, when the latter is screwed into the nut, these cantilever members being adapted to engage an abutment of the compressed air supply sleeve, as the latter is screwed into the nut.
- the present invention relates to pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled reversible mechanisms for driving holes in the earth by compacting the soil around the hole being made; the invention can be employed, for example, for making underground communication conduits by the socalled closed", trench-less method.
- the impact member delivers successive impacts upon said housing, as this impact member is reciprocated in said housing under the action of compressed air supplied into the abovementioned working chamber through a compressed air supply sleeve, cooperating withthe impact member.
- This compressed air supply sleeve is secured in the end portion of the housing, opposite to the pointed end, by means of a nut, this sleeve being displaceable axially in respect of said nut, when the air supply hose, connected with the sleeve, is rotated.
- the axial adjustment of the position of the compressed air supply sleeve relative to the nut leads to a change in the pattern of the operative distribution of the compressed air between the abovementioned working chambers of the mechanism, and, therefore, to the reversion of the direction of the impacts delivered by the impact member, and, hence-to the reversion of the motion of the mechanism, as a whole.
- this known reversible mechanism has a disadvantage arising from the tendency displayed by said compressed air supply sleeve to lock itself in the abovementioned nut, as the mechanism is driven for a forward motion, this selflocking impeding, and, more often than not, positively preventing reversal of the mechanism in the hole, because it becomes impossible to unscrew the sleeve from the nut by the rotation of the compressed air supply hose, non-rotatively connected with the sleeve.
- a pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled reversible mechanism for driving holes in the earth by compacting the soil, comprising a housing with a pointed end, receiving thereinside a movable impact member defining with said housing working chambers of variable volume and reciprocating within said housing under the action of compressed air, said impact member delivering repeating impacts upon said housing, as a result of its reciprocations, compressed air being supplied into said chambers through an air conduit means and a compressed air supply sleeve cooperating with said impact member, said compressed air supply sleeve being connected with said air conduit means and being threadedly secured in a nut for axial displacement relative to said nut, when said air conduit means is rotated.
- said nut associated with said compressed air supply sleeve, has a plurality of longitudinal oblique slits made therein, said slits defining therebetween at least a pair of resiliently deformable cantilever members projecting axially beyond the adjacent face end of said nut, the longitudinal axial line of each said resiliently deformable cantilever member extending in opposition to the direction of the displacement of said compressed air supply sleeve, when the latter is screwed into said nut, said cantilever members being adapted to engage an abutment of said compressed air supply sleeve, when the latter is screwed into said nut.
- said resiliently deformable cantilever members represent each a beam displaying uniform resistance in the direction of the action of friction forces produced by the engagement of said resiliently deformable cantilever members with said abutment of said compressed air supply sleeve, the angle of the inclination of the longitudinal axial line of each said cantilever member relative to the generatrix of the cylindrical surface of said nut being of a value substantially equal to the angle of friction produced by the engagement of said resiliently deformable cantilever members with said abutment of said compressed air supply sleeve, when the latter is screwed into said nut.
- each said resiliently deformable cantilever member prefferably has a smooth internal surface.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic axially sectional view of a pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled reversible mechanism, constructed in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows the unit A ofthe FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line Illlll of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 there is disposed inside a hollow cylindrical housing 1 (FIG. 1) an impact member 2 engaging the internal cylindrical wall of the housing by a pair of annular projections 3 and 4, respectively.
- a space 6 Formed within the rear, or tail portion of the impact member 2 is a space 6 receiving therein the head (i.e., the greater diameter portion) of a compressed air supply sleeve 7.
- the space 6 constitutes the rear working chamber of the herein disclosed mechanism.
- the wall of the impact member 2 has made therein ports 8 for fluid communication between the chambers 5 and 6.
- the compressed air supply sleeve 7 has its stem (i.e., the smaller diameter portion) provided with annular abutrnents 9 and 10, this stern being threadedly secured in the threaded passage of a nut 11, this nut, in its turn, being threadedly secured in the housing 1 by means of the external thread of the nut 11 engaging the internal thread of the housing 1.
- the rear end portion of the compressed air supply sleeve 7 non-rotatively receives thereabout the end portion of an air supply sleeve 14 (FIGS. 1 and 20.
- the compressed air supply sleeve 7 When the herein disclosed mechanism is set for forward motion, the compressed air supply sleeve 7 is set into its extreme forward position, its abutment 10 engaging the free ends of the resilient cantilever members 13 of the nut 11, these cantilever members being formed each in the body of the nut 11 by the respective pair of oblique slits defining this cantilever member therebetween, each cantilever member 13 having its free end portion projecting in the axial direction beyond the respective face end of the body of the nut 11.
- respective longitudinal axes of the cantilever members 13 extend toward the abutment of the sleeve 7, in a direction opposite to the motion of the latter, when it is screwed into the nut 11, whereby the free ends of the cantilever members 13 present a pair of stops for the abutment 10 of the sleeve 7, when the latter is screwed into the nut 1 l.
- the cantilever members 13 act as a pair of beams displaying uniform resistance in the direction of the action of friction forces produced by engagement of the free ends of the cantilever members 13 with the annular abutment 10 of the compressed air supply sleeve 7, the angle of the inclination of the longitudinal axial line of each cantilever member 13 in respect of the generatrix of the cylindrical surface of the nut 11 being made substantially equal to the angle of friction produced by the engagement of the cantilever members 13 with the abutment 10 of the compressed air supply sleeve 7.
- each cantilever member 13 is made smooth.
- the communication ports 8 establish communication between the front working chamber 5 and the compressed air source through the chamber 6, the passage 15 and the hose 14.
- the rebound of the impact member 2 together with the action of the compressed air in the front chamber 5 are responsible for the stroke of the impact member 2 in the return, i.e., rearward direction, the working surface of the impact member 2, subjected to the action of the compressed air in the front chamber 6, being greater than the working surface of the same impact member, subjected to the action of the compressed air in the rear chamber 6 continuously communicating with the source of the compressed air.
- the end of the return stroke of the impact member 2 is defined by the communication ports 8 thereof passing in the rearward direction beyond the head portion of the compressed air supply sleeve 7, whereby there is established communication between the front chamber 5 and the ambient atmosphere through the exhaust passages 12 in the nut 11. In this manner the used up compressed air is exhausted.
- reaction force produced by the return stroke of the impact member 2 in operation of the herein disclosed mechanism which acts upon the housing 1 in the direction opposite to the desired direction of the progress of the latter, is taken up, or counterbalanced by the friction between the housing 1 and the surrounding earth, brought about byv the resilient properties of the earth.
- the motion of the mechanism can be reversed, for the mechanism to retreat under the action of the compressed air back to the surface along the hole it has already made.
- the compressed air supply hose 14 is temporarily disconnected from the compressed air source (not shown) and is rotated to transmit the torque to the compressed air supply sleeve 7 with which the hose 14 is connected non-rotatively.
- the sleeve 7 is rotated in the unscrewing direction, i.e., is unscrewed from the nut 11 into the rearmost position of the sleeve 7, in which the abutment 9 thereof engages the front face of the nut 11.
- the impact member during its forward stroke is stopped by the pressure of the compressed air in the front chamber 5 before it reaches the internal end wall of the housing 1, and thus delivers no impact upon the housing 1 in the forward direction.
- the now increased initial volume of the front chamber 5 and the rearmost position of the head of the sleeve 7 are responsible for the impact member 2 reaching the front face of the nut 11 during the return stroke thereof and thus delivering a rearwardly directed blow upon the nut.
- reaction force produced by the forward strokes of the impact member 2 and acting upon the housing 1 in the direction opposing its retreating motion is taken up, or counterbalanced (as it has been already described in connection with the-forward motion of the mechanism) by the friction between the earth and the housing 1.
- the action of the pulse loads may bring about a tendency of the sleeve 7 to screw itself further on into the nut 11 and thus to get positively locked in this nut.
- This selflocking of the compressed air supply sleeve 7 in the nut 11 is prevented by the resilient cantilever members 13.
- any further screwing of the sleeve 7 into the nut 1 1 produces a friction force between the free ends of the cantilever members 13 and the abutment 10, this friction force bending the cantilever members in the screwing direction, and the resistance of the cantilever members puts a positive limit to the self-screwing of the sleeve 7 into the nut 11.
- a pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled reversible mechanism for driving holes in the earth by compacting the soil comprising: a housing of said mechanism, having a pointed end; an impact member adapted for reciprocation interiorly of said housing and defining therewith working chambers of variable volume, said impact member delivering upon said housing repeating impacts, as said impact member is reciprocated thereinside in operation of said mechanism; an air conduit means; a sleeve connected with said air conduit means and cooperating with said impact member, said sleeve being adapted to supply compressed air into said chambers for effecting reciprocations of said impact member; a nut secured in said housing adjacent to the end thereof, opposite to said pointed end, said compressed air supply sleeve being threadedly secured in said nut for axial displacement relative to said nut, when said air conduit means is rotated; said nut having a plurality of longitudinal oblique slits made therein, said slits defining therebetween at least a pair of resiliently deformable cantilever
- a pneumatically operated mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said resiliently deformable cantilever members represent each a beam displaying uniform resistance in the direction of the action of friction forces produced by the engagement of said resiliently deformable cantilever members
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SU701399051A SU624999A2 (ru) | 1970-02-19 | 1970-02-19 | Пневматическое устройство ударного действи дл образовани скважины в грунте |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3651874A true US3651874A (en) | 1972-03-28 |
Family
ID=20449642
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US53216A Expired - Lifetime US3651874A (en) | 1970-02-19 | 1970-07-08 | Pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled reversible mechanism |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3651874A (ru) |
BE (1) | BE753629A (ru) |
CA (1) | CA922684A (ru) |
DE (1) | DE2033695A1 (ru) |
FR (1) | FR2080598B1 (ru) |
NL (1) | NL7012269A (ru) |
SU (1) | SU624999A2 (ru) |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3756328A (en) * | 1970-01-19 | 1973-09-04 | B Sudnishnikov | Pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled mechanism |
US3891036A (en) * | 1973-08-11 | 1975-06-24 | Tracto Technik | Control arrangement for the forward and backward movement of percussive boring rams |
US3952813A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1976-04-27 | Nikolai Prokhorovich Chepurnoi | Percussive device for driving holes in soil |
US4078619A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1978-03-14 | Boris Vasilievich Sudnishnikov | Reversible air-operated apparatus of the percussive type for driving holes in ground by compacting same |
US4121672A (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1978-10-24 | Khaim Berkovich Tkach | Reversing pneumatic percussive device |
US4159040A (en) * | 1976-10-27 | 1979-06-26 | Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Oidelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR | Pneumatic percussion tool |
US4460051A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1984-07-17 | Spindel-, Motoren- Und Maschinenfabrik Ag | Percussion drill hammer |
US4466167A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1984-08-21 | Linear Pneumatics Inc. | Method of removing stuck gaskets and pneumatic impact tool |
US4596292A (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1986-06-24 | The Stanley Works | Subsoil penetrating apparatus |
US4609052A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-09-02 | Lewin Stephen S | Pneumatically operated burrowing tool |
US4690225A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1987-09-01 | Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk Sssr | Percussive tool |
US4809789A (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1989-03-07 | Oklahoma Airrow, Inc. | Finned impact operating boring tool |
US5031706A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1991-07-16 | Mbs Advanced Engineering Systems | Pneumopercussive soil penetrating machine |
US5086848A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-02-11 | Hudak Donald M | Reversible impact hole driller and method of reversing |
US5113950A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-05-19 | Krasnoff Eugene L | For percussive tools, a housing, a pneumatic distributor, and a hammer piston means therefor |
US5117922A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1992-06-02 | Allied Steel & Tractor Products, Inc. | Isolator assembly for a pneumatic underground piercing tool |
US5226487A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1993-07-13 | Mbs Advanced Engineering Systems | Pneumopercussive machine |
US5311950A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1994-05-17 | Spektor Michael B | Differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine |
US5467831A (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1995-11-21 | Spektor; Michael B. | Monotube differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine with stabilizers |
US5540294A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-07-30 | Anderberg Construction Company | Vertical percussion ground boring tool apparatus and method |
US5749677A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-05-12 | Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk | Apparatus for impact action |
US20060207794A1 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Spektor Engineering Inc. | Reversible penetrating machine with a springless pneumatically loaded differential air distributing mechanism |
US20070158087A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-12 | Shun Tai Precision Co., Ltd. | Pneumatic hammer drill (I) |
US20150273676A1 (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Michael B. Spektor | Optimized pneumatic hammer |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2756567B2 (de) * | 1977-12-19 | 1980-01-03 | Gustav Dr.-Ing. 4300 Essen Jenne | Steuervorrichtung für den Vor- und Rücklauf von selbstgetriebenen pneumatischen Rammbohrgeräten |
SE458132B (sv) * | 1985-04-09 | 1989-02-27 | Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O | Med slagverkan arbetande anordning foer drivning av haal i marken |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3137483A (en) * | 1958-01-24 | 1964-06-16 | Zinkiewicz Wiktor | Ground burrowing device |
US3407884A (en) * | 1962-11-23 | 1968-10-29 | Zygmunt Kazimierz | Two-way ground burrowing device |
GB1170167A (en) * | 1967-03-14 | 1969-11-12 | Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O | Percussion Ground-Burrowing Device. |
-
1970
- 1970-02-19 SU SU701399051A patent/SU624999A2/ru active
- 1970-07-07 CA CA087576A patent/CA922684A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-07-07 DE DE19702033695 patent/DE2033695A1/de active Pending
- 1970-07-08 US US53216A patent/US3651874A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-07-17 BE BE753629D patent/BE753629A/xx unknown
- 1970-07-23 FR FR707027180A patent/FR2080598B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-08-19 NL NL7012269A patent/NL7012269A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3137483A (en) * | 1958-01-24 | 1964-06-16 | Zinkiewicz Wiktor | Ground burrowing device |
US3407884A (en) * | 1962-11-23 | 1968-10-29 | Zygmunt Kazimierz | Two-way ground burrowing device |
GB1170167A (en) * | 1967-03-14 | 1969-11-12 | Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O | Percussion Ground-Burrowing Device. |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3756328A (en) * | 1970-01-19 | 1973-09-04 | B Sudnishnikov | Pneumatically operated impact-action self-propelled mechanism |
US3891036A (en) * | 1973-08-11 | 1975-06-24 | Tracto Technik | Control arrangement for the forward and backward movement of percussive boring rams |
US3952813A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1976-04-27 | Nikolai Prokhorovich Chepurnoi | Percussive device for driving holes in soil |
US4078619A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1978-03-14 | Boris Vasilievich Sudnishnikov | Reversible air-operated apparatus of the percussive type for driving holes in ground by compacting same |
US4159040A (en) * | 1976-10-27 | 1979-06-26 | Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Oidelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR | Pneumatic percussion tool |
US4121672A (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1978-10-24 | Khaim Berkovich Tkach | Reversing pneumatic percussive device |
US4460051A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1984-07-17 | Spindel-, Motoren- Und Maschinenfabrik Ag | Percussion drill hammer |
US4690225A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1987-09-01 | Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk Sssr | Percussive tool |
US4466167A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1984-08-21 | Linear Pneumatics Inc. | Method of removing stuck gaskets and pneumatic impact tool |
US4609052A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-09-02 | Lewin Stephen S | Pneumatically operated burrowing tool |
US4596292A (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1986-06-24 | The Stanley Works | Subsoil penetrating apparatus |
US4809789A (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1989-03-07 | Oklahoma Airrow, Inc. | Finned impact operating boring tool |
US5031706A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1991-07-16 | Mbs Advanced Engineering Systems | Pneumopercussive soil penetrating machine |
US5226487A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1993-07-13 | Mbs Advanced Engineering Systems | Pneumopercussive machine |
US5117922A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1992-06-02 | Allied Steel & Tractor Products, Inc. | Isolator assembly for a pneumatic underground piercing tool |
US5086848A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-02-11 | Hudak Donald M | Reversible impact hole driller and method of reversing |
US5113950A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-05-19 | Krasnoff Eugene L | For percussive tools, a housing, a pneumatic distributor, and a hammer piston means therefor |
US5311950A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1994-05-17 | Spektor Michael B | Differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine |
US5467831A (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1995-11-21 | Spektor; Michael B. | Monotube differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine with stabilizers |
US5540294A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-07-30 | Anderberg Construction Company | Vertical percussion ground boring tool apparatus and method |
US5749677A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-05-12 | Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk | Apparatus for impact action |
US20060207794A1 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Spektor Engineering Inc. | Reversible penetrating machine with a springless pneumatically loaded differential air distributing mechanism |
US7273113B2 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2007-09-25 | Spektor Michael B | Reversible penetrating machine with a differential air distributing mechanism |
US20070158087A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-12 | Shun Tai Precision Co., Ltd. | Pneumatic hammer drill (I) |
US7383894B2 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2008-06-10 | Shun Tai Precision Co., Ltd. | Pneumatic hammer drill (I) |
US20150273676A1 (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Michael B. Spektor | Optimized pneumatic hammer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2033695A1 (de) | 1971-09-09 |
SU624999A2 (ru) | 1978-09-25 |
FR2080598B1 (ru) | 1973-01-12 |
NL7012269A (ru) | 1971-08-23 |
BE753629A (fr) | 1971-01-18 |
FR2080598A1 (ru) | 1971-11-19 |
CA922684A (en) | 1973-03-13 |
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