US3650935A - Apparatus for electrolytic surface treatment - Google Patents

Apparatus for electrolytic surface treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3650935A
US3650935A US821691A US3650935DA US3650935A US 3650935 A US3650935 A US 3650935A US 821691 A US821691 A US 821691A US 3650935D A US3650935D A US 3650935DA US 3650935 A US3650935 A US 3650935A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
strip
pickling
cells
electrodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US821691A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bengt Ivar Andersson
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CJ WENNBERG AB
C J WENNBERGS MEKANISKA VERKSTAD AB
ABB Norden Holding AB
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C J WENNBERGS MEKANISKA VERKSTAD AB
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Assigned to ASEA AKTIEBOLAG, S-721 83 VASTERAS, SWEDEN A SWEDISH JOINT-STOCK COMPANY reassignment ASEA AKTIEBOLAG, S-721 83 VASTERAS, SWEDEN A SWEDISH JOINT-STOCK COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: EKA AKTIEBOLAG A SWEDISH JOINT-STOCK COMPANY
Assigned to C.J. WENNBERG AKTIEBOLAG reassignment C.J. WENNBERG AKTIEBOLAG CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AKTIEBOLAGET C.J. WENNBERG MEKANISKA VERKSTAD
Assigned to BIA-TEKNIK ELCHEM AKTIEBOLAG, C/O EKA AKTIEBOLAG, S-445 01 SURTE, SWEDEN A SWEDISH JOINT-STOCK COMPANY reassignment BIA-TEKNIK ELCHEM AKTIEBOLAG, C/O EKA AKTIEBOLAG, S-445 01 SURTE, SWEDEN A SWEDISH JOINT-STOCK COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: C.J. WENNBERG AB
Assigned to EKA AKTIEBOLAG, FACK, S-445 01 SURTE, SWEDEN A SWEDISH JOINT-STOCK COMPANY reassignment EKA AKTIEBOLAG, FACK, S-445 01 SURTE, SWEDEN A SWEDISH JOINT-STOCK COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BIA-TENIK ELCHEM AKTIEBOLAG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method and an apparatus for carrying out the method of electrochemical surface treatment of metallic objects, the method being with bipolar current conduction in separate electrolysis cells combined with the method employing an electrode gap decreasing in the direction of movement of the object for the purpose of achieving maximum electrochemical efiiciency, maximum economy, and operation reliability.
  • reaction products which are produced in the electrolyte during the pickling process in the form of sludge or colloidal particles, have a disturbing effect on the pickling and must therefore be removed if acceptable pickling results are to be obtained.
  • metal ions occurring in the form of hydroxides are dissolved in the course of the process out of the mill scale layer which is to be removed, while these metal hydroxides either remain suspended in the electrolyte or form the abovementioned sludge. This sludge and the suspended metal hydroxide particles disturb the pickling process.
  • the eletcrolyte In order to remove the reaction products from the electrolyte it is necessary to replace the latter continuously or to regenerate it. If it is desired to achieve eflFective continuous regeneration of the electrolyte during the treatment, the eletcrolyte must be given a volume such that complete cleaning or regeneration is possible.
  • the aim of the present invention is to eliminate the abovementioned disadvantages and limitations in the electrolytic pickling of strip, particularly wide strip. According to the invention, this is achieved by a modification of the method hitherto applied and by a special construction of the equipment for carrying out this method.
  • the fundamental novelty of this method is the use of a directed electrolyte flow, which continuously supplies to the treatment point the minimum amount of fresh electrolyte necessary for each width of strip.
  • the prerequisites for effective removal of the gases formed in the course of the process are complied with.
  • the reaction chamber is relatively small, which is achieved through the fact that the electrodes are disposed short distances apart and form narrow gaps, thus resulting in an automatically reduced volume of electrolyte and consequently in treatment equipment which is automatically simplified to an extremely great extent, particularly for the regeneration.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore characterised in that the method of bipolar current conduction in separate electrolysis cells is combined with the method employing an electrode gap which decreases in the direction of movement of the object, for the purpose of achieving maximum electrochemical elficiency, maximum economy, and operational reliability.
  • the apparatus for carrying out this method is characterised in that the electrolysis cells are in the form of wedge-shaped boxes in which the roof and the bottom, which are straight or curved in shape, are inclined in the direction of movement of the object and are provided with electrodes fastened on them or with electrodes which form the roof and the floor, while each cell forms a closed circuit for the movement of the electrolyte, with the inlet for the gas-free, clean electrolyte on the side where the gap between the electrodes is the narrowest, and with the outlet for the used electrolyte on the side where the gap between the electrodes is the widest, the object to be treated being passed through these cells oppositely to the direction of flow of the electrolyte.
  • This apparatus corresponding to the method of the invention thus entails above all a considerable reduction of the amount of electrolyte and thus also of the dimensions of the plant, in respect of width, height, and also length. This results in a considerable saving in cost of plant and operation.
  • the narrow gap between the electrodes and the object to be treated, in combination with the directed electrolyte fiow results in greater electrochemical effect, that is to say the current densities required in conventional methods can be obtained through the narrow gap with a lower power input, or in other words with the amounts of energy which are used at the present time in conventional methods it is possible according to the invention to obtain a current density increased a number of times.
  • the directed electrolyte flow leads to complete removal of the larger amounts of gas formed at the higher current densities and eliminates the extremely harmful effect of these quantities of gas on the pickling process.
  • the reduced amount of electrolyte according to the invention can be treated with ease, that is to say can be cleaned or regenerated by conventional methods.
  • the amount of electrolyte, which is considerably increased by the method and apparatus of the invention, together with the likewise considerably increased efiectiveness of the pickling reaction can be seen clearly and without ambiguity from the comparative values given in Table 1 for quantity proportions in the pickling of strip up to a width of 1400 mm.
  • the width was restricted to 1400 mm. because of the amount of electrolyte which is used in this case if the conventional method is employed, namely 1800 litres of electrolyte. If it is desired to maintain continuous operation with 1800 litres of electrolyte for each cell, a difficult problem will be encountered in respect of regeneration and movement of the bath. At the present time there are standard widths of strip up to 2000 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a pickling line according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same plant
  • FIG. 3 is a section through an electrolysis cell according to the invention.
  • the plant illustrated in the drawings consists of a number of electrolysis cells 10, which are of the special form of construction illustrated in FIG. 3 and have bipolar current conduction, that is to say each cell is either the anode or the cathode in alternating sequence.
  • the waste electrolyte accumulates for example from the seals 3.
  • the electrodes which are alternatively cathode 2 and anodes 6, form the roof and floor of the cells and are inclined in the direction 13 of the movement of the strip.
  • the distances a between the strip and the electrodes !become increasingly smaller in the direction of the movement of the strip and attain the smallest gap width at the electrolyte inlet 7.
  • Clean, gas-free electrolyte flows through the inlet 7 in the direction 12 oppositely to the movement of the strip and first passes through the narrowest gap aperture.
  • the used electrolyte accumulates in the vessel 4 and is passed through the outlet 5 to a plant 14 for regeneration, heating or cooling, and gas removal.
  • Brushing devices such as are used for example in conventional methods, are not required, this being another advantage of the method and apparatus according to the invention, resulting in turn in a considerable reduction of the cost of the plant, the space required, and operating costs.
  • An aqueous solution consisting of -200 grams per litre of sodium sulphate can be used as electrolyte for pickling.
  • An acid copperplating bath containing 210 grams per litre of copper sulphate, 37.5 grams per litre of sulphuric acid, and optionally an addition comprising a wetting agent and/or glossing agent is suitable as electrolyte for the deposition of metal, for example copper.
  • said electrode means having electrolyte inlet means and outlet means, said electrode means forming current concentration means for establishing the greatest current density through the electrolyte at the portion of the electrode means closest TABLE L-QUANTITY PROPORTIONS IN THE PICKLING OF STRIP WIDTHS UP TO 1,400 MM.
  • Electrolysis cells according to invention Difierence Conventional electrolysis cells Height in quan- Quantity tities of Length, Width, Height, Amount, a1, a2, Amount, proportions, electrolyte, mm. mm. mm. litres Length Width mm. mm. litres U/K litres
  • NOTE.-K Conventional electrolysis cells
  • U Electrolysis cells according to the invention
  • An apparatus for the electrochemical treatment of a metal strip comprising a plurality of electrolysis cells in the form of wedge-shaped boxes with parallel side walls, means for passing the strip through the electrolysis cells from the wide to the narrow end of the cells, electrodes at the top and bottom walls of the cells, the electrodes of each cell having electrode ends and defining a wedgeshaped chamber between the electrodes ends within the cell, means for supplying electric current to the electrodes, the electrodes of each alternate cell being coupled as anodes relative to the strip, the electrodes of each cell between the alternate cells being coupled as cathodes relative to the strip, electrolyte inlet means at the narrow end of the cells, electrolyte outlet means at the broad end of the cells, a regenerating plant for the electrolyte, means for pumping the used electrolyte from the wide end of the cells to the regenerating plant, and means for pumping the regenerated electrolyte from the regenerating plant to the narrow end of the cells.
  • An apparatus for electrochemical treatment of a metal strip comprising a plurality of electrolysis cells, drive means for passing the strip through the cells in a first direction, pump means for passing an electrolyte through each cell in a second direction opposite the first direction, electrode means in said cells, said electrode means in adjacent cells being energized relative to the strip with oppositely poled potentials, each of said cells 25 to the electrolyte inlet means and a substantially lesser current density at other portions of the electrode means, said current concentrating means including an electrode forming with said strip a gap which is narrowest at the part closest to said inlet means and which widens continuously to the other end of the electrode.
  • said current concentrating means includes a second electrode forming with said strip a second gap which is narrowest at the inlet means and which widens to the other end of the second electrode, and which forms with said first electrode a continuously widening over-all gap from end to end of the electrodes.
  • said pump means includes recirculating and regenerating means for recirculating the electrolyte for each cell and regenerating it.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
US821691A 1968-05-06 1969-05-05 Apparatus for electrolytic surface treatment Expired - Lifetime US3650935A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE06047/68A SE335038B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-05-06 1968-05-06

Publications (1)

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US3650935A true US3650935A (en) 1972-03-21

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US821691A Expired - Lifetime US3650935A (en) 1968-05-06 1969-05-05 Apparatus for electrolytic surface treatment

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US (1) US3650935A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5022495B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT288108B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE732583A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA927315A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI49525C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2007908A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1240908A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE335038B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SU (1) SU405213A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3865701A (en) * 1973-03-06 1975-02-11 American Chem & Refining Co Method for continuous high speed electroplating of strip, wire and the like
US3894924A (en) * 1972-11-08 1975-07-15 Raytheon Co Apparatus for plating elongated bodies
US3927460A (en) * 1972-08-07 1975-12-23 Kawasaki Steel Co Pretreating process for vitreous enamelling
US3963569A (en) * 1973-12-06 1976-06-15 Raytheon Company Apparatus for plating elongated bodies
US4035256A (en) * 1976-04-19 1977-07-12 United States Steel Corporation Process for electrolytic removal of lubricants from steel strip
US4059494A (en) * 1974-11-19 1977-11-22 Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting Co., Ltd. Process for continuous electrolytic coloring of aluminum or aluminum base alloy strip and wire
US4234398A (en) * 1978-04-12 1980-11-18 Toray Industries, Inc. Carbon fiber surface treatment
US4391685A (en) * 1981-02-26 1983-07-05 Republic Steel Corporation Process for electrolytically pickling steel strip material
US4425216A (en) 1981-05-18 1984-01-10 Neymeyer Calvin E Gas generation apparatus
US4501647A (en) * 1982-02-09 1985-02-26 Korpi Jouko Kalevi Method of electroplating
US4518474A (en) * 1983-05-16 1985-05-21 Maurizio Podrini Device for the electrolytic treatment of metal strip
US4559123A (en) * 1983-11-11 1985-12-17 "Cockerill-Sambre" Device for electrolytically depositing a lining metal layer over a metal strip
US4721554A (en) * 1984-10-31 1988-01-26 Inovan-Stroebe Gmbh & Co. Kg. Electroplating apparatus
US4832811A (en) * 1987-01-26 1989-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electroplating apparatus for plate-shaped workpieces, particularly printed circuit boards
US5312530A (en) * 1991-07-01 1994-05-17 Reine Lindwall Surface processing device
CN115506002A (zh) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-23 张家港红东设备制造有限公司 酸洗电极对、电极组、电极装置及酸洗电极位置调整方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201503657D0 (en) * 2015-03-04 2015-04-15 Rolls Royce Plc Apparatus for use in an electroetching or electrodeposition process and an electroetching or electrodeposition process

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3927460A (en) * 1972-08-07 1975-12-23 Kawasaki Steel Co Pretreating process for vitreous enamelling
US3894924A (en) * 1972-11-08 1975-07-15 Raytheon Co Apparatus for plating elongated bodies
US3865701A (en) * 1973-03-06 1975-02-11 American Chem & Refining Co Method for continuous high speed electroplating of strip, wire and the like
US3963569A (en) * 1973-12-06 1976-06-15 Raytheon Company Apparatus for plating elongated bodies
US4059494A (en) * 1974-11-19 1977-11-22 Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting Co., Ltd. Process for continuous electrolytic coloring of aluminum or aluminum base alloy strip and wire
US4035256A (en) * 1976-04-19 1977-07-12 United States Steel Corporation Process for electrolytic removal of lubricants from steel strip
US4234398A (en) * 1978-04-12 1980-11-18 Toray Industries, Inc. Carbon fiber surface treatment
US4391685A (en) * 1981-02-26 1983-07-05 Republic Steel Corporation Process for electrolytically pickling steel strip material
US4425216A (en) 1981-05-18 1984-01-10 Neymeyer Calvin E Gas generation apparatus
US4501647A (en) * 1982-02-09 1985-02-26 Korpi Jouko Kalevi Method of electroplating
US4518474A (en) * 1983-05-16 1985-05-21 Maurizio Podrini Device for the electrolytic treatment of metal strip
US4559123A (en) * 1983-11-11 1985-12-17 "Cockerill-Sambre" Device for electrolytically depositing a lining metal layer over a metal strip
US4721554A (en) * 1984-10-31 1988-01-26 Inovan-Stroebe Gmbh & Co. Kg. Electroplating apparatus
US4832811A (en) * 1987-01-26 1989-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electroplating apparatus for plate-shaped workpieces, particularly printed circuit boards
US5312530A (en) * 1991-07-01 1994-05-17 Reine Lindwall Surface processing device
CN115506002A (zh) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-23 张家港红东设备制造有限公司 酸洗电极对、电极组、电极装置及酸洗电极位置调整方法
CN115506002B (zh) * 2022-09-19 2023-07-14 张家港红东设备制造有限公司 酸洗电极对、电极组、电极装置及酸洗电极位置调整方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI49525C (fi) 1975-07-10
JPS5022495B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-07-31
BE732583A (fr) 1969-10-16
SE335038B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-10
DE1923027A1 (de) 1969-11-20
FR2007908A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-01-16
SU405213A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-22
AT288108B (de) 1971-02-25
FI49525B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-01
DE1923027B2 (de) 1976-06-10
GB1240908A (en) 1971-07-28
CA927315A (en) 1973-05-29

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Owner name: EKA AKTIEBOLAG, FACK, S-445 01 SURTE, SWEDEN A SWE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BIA-TENIK ELCHEM AKTIEBOLAG;REEL/FRAME:004022/0639

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