US3650268A - Apparatus for artificial respiration or narcosis - Google Patents

Apparatus for artificial respiration or narcosis Download PDF

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Publication number
US3650268A
US3650268A US839592A US3650268DA US3650268A US 3650268 A US3650268 A US 3650268A US 839592 A US839592 A US 839592A US 3650268D A US3650268D A US 3650268DA US 3650268 A US3650268 A US 3650268A
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Prior art keywords
gas
pumping means
wall
pressure
bladder
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Expired - Lifetime
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US839592A
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English (en)
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Henning M Ruben
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0078—Breathing bags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0084—Pumps therefor self-reinflatable by elasticity, e.g. resuscitation squeeze bags

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An insufflation apparatus for performing artificial respiration or narcosis of the type including a pumping means for moving gas from a gas source to a patient, inlet means for connecting the pumping means to the gas source, outlet means for connecting the pumping means to the air ducts of the patient, and check valve means in each of the inlet means and outlet means for preventing back flow of gas is improved by forming one wall of the pumping means with a resilient membrane.
  • the resilient membrane serves as an elastic means for resisting increases in gas pressures up to a predetermined pressure which will not harm the patient so that gas will be pumped from the pumping means to the patient below that pressure.
  • the resilient membrane expands and serves as elastic means compensating forces tending to further increase the gas pressure thereby limiting the over-pressure in this system to said predetermined pressure.
  • This invention relates to insufflation apparatus for performing artificial respiration or narcosis, and more particularly to such an apparatus having a resilient membrane serving to prevent pressures in the system from arising beyond a predetermined value whichmight cause injury to the patient.
  • Conventional insufflation apparatus generally include a manually compressible pumping means which is self-expanding at least during operation i.e., it automatically restores its shape after compression.
  • the pumping means is provided with at least one first check valve, or inlet valve, for introducing air and/or some other gas into the pumping means.
  • a second check valve, or outlet valve at the outlet of the pumping means or at the inlet of a breathing mask or a similar device to which the pumping means is connected either directly or via a suitable gas conduit, said second check valve preventing gas from flowing back from the patient.
  • the gas contained therein is forced through the outlet valve and therefrom into the air ducts of the patient via the breathing mask.
  • the pumping means is then released and it regains its original shape due to its shape-restoring power during operation conditions.
  • the pumping means expands it is filled with gas through the inlet valve or valves which are connected to the ambient air and/or to a source of a treating gas such as oxygen or an anesthetic gas.
  • the pumping means is usually designed as a bag or bladder.
  • the bladders now available are of two different types; one comprising a single wall bladder of a material which is at the same time gas-impermeable and shape-restoring, and the other type comprising a double wall bladder which is provided with a self-expanding or shape-restoring insert of, for example, foam rubber and a gas-impermeable outer skin.
  • the double wall bladder has the advantage that it gives a less degree of fatigue during extended use, thereby making it possible for a life-saver to give artificial respiration continuously during a long period of time.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for artificial respiration which completely eliminates the risks for dangerous overpressures to appear in the patients, air ducts, which is of an extremely simple construction and which, furthermore, allows initial overpressures of short duration which can be dangerous when appearing during a long period of time.
  • the present invention attacks the problem of pressure limitation from a quite different point of view than do the known constructions.
  • the invention provides a pumping means which serves in itself as pressure limitation means, thereby eliminating all movable members which can be blocked off.
  • an insufflation apparatus for use in a system for artificial respiration or narcosis, said apparatus comprising pumping means having an inlet adapted to be connected to a gas source and an outlet adapted to be brought into communication with the air ducts of a patient via a check valve and check valve means provided in the said inlet and preventing gas from flowing back into the gas source, said apparatus being characterized by at least one thin and gas-tight resilient membrane forming at least a part of the wall of the pumping means and being so elastic that the overpressure in the system cannot exceed a predetermined value, this wall forming membrane thus serving as pressure limitation means.
  • said membrane should present such elasticity properties that its expansion capacity at small overpressures is not sufficient to annul pressure increases, whereas its expansion capacity at said predetermined overpressure is sufficient for immediate compensation of further pressure increases by means of at least a corresponding increase of the volume of the pumping means, thereby limiting the overpressure in the bladder to said value.
  • the elastic material forming the pressure limiting part is given such properties that upon continuous action from pressure increasing forces the pressure in the bladder will first increase up to a value which can be so high that it would be dangerous to the patient when subjected to this pressure during a longer period of time, but which is completely harmless when being only of short duration, the pressure then falling and being stabilized at a lower pressure value.
  • These pressure values are chosen with respect to the intended field of application and are, for example, different for new-born babies and grown-up persons.
  • the invention can be utilized in connection with all types of pumping means, bladders as well as piston pumps and similar devices.
  • the expression pumping means" as used in this application is intended to comprise not only the pump chamber and the walls thereof, but also gas conduits connected thereto.
  • the pressure limiting membrane or membranes may be arranged as a wall portion of a gas conduit leading from the pump chamber to the patient.
  • the bladder can be made thicker and more resistant in those areas which are actuated by the operator during compression, the rest of the bladder being thinner and sufficiently elastic to serve as the pressure limiting membrane.
  • the insert When the invention is applied to a double wall bladder which is provided with an insert having good self-expansion properties and a gas tight outer skin arranged around the insert, the insert must be provided with channels, passages or other connections for transferring the pressure prevailing in the inner cavity of the bladder to the outer skin which should be so elastic that it can serve as pressure limitation means.
  • the insert it is possible to make the insert of a porous material and let the pores in the material serve as the passages transferring the pressure prevailing in the cavity limited by the insert to the outer skin, it is advantageous to provide the insert with special through-channels.
  • porous material is especially unfavorable when the bladder is supplied with an anesthetic gas, since said gas would be absorbed in a porous material and the patient would be supplied with anesthetic gas even after the supply thereof to the bladder has been cutoff.
  • the elasticity of the membrane or membranes serving as pressure limitation means is such that the overpressure in the system cannot exceed a value of up to about cm. H O, preferably up to about 60 cm. H O.
  • the channels provided in the insert are adjusted to permit an instantaneous transfer of the pressure prevailing in the inner cavity of the bladder to the outer cavity formed between the insert and the outer skin. Due to this adjustment of the channels it is of importance that no channels be blocked off upon compression of the bladder. It is therefore an important characteristic of the invention that the channels are disposed in such parts of the insert which will not be blocked off upon compression of the bladder. According to a particular embodiment of the invention the channels are disposed near the vertici of an insert shaped as an ellipsoid.
  • the pressure limitation obtained by the present invention not only functions upon activation of the pumping means, but also when the pressure tends to increase due to excess supply of oxygen or anesthetic gas to the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in axial section illustrating a pumping means according to the invention designed as a single wall bladder;
  • FIG. 2 is a view in axial section of a suitable embodiment of a double wall bladder constructed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the bladder according to FIG. 2 in cross section
  • FIG. 4 is a view in axial section illustrating the operation of the bladder according to FIGS. 2 and 3 upon compression of the bladder;
  • FIG. 5 is a view in axial section illustrating a pressure-limitation means according to the invention which can be applied to any type of pump suitable for producing insufilation in an apparatus for artificial respiration or narcosis.
  • the bladder shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a first thickwalled part 2 having good self-expansion properties, and a second part I which is thinner and sufficiently elastic to serve as pressure limitation means.
  • the bladder is gas tight and provided with one or more channels or connections 3 for supplying gas to the bladder and a connection 4 which is connected to the respiration mask or a similar device to be applied to the patient.
  • Connections 3 are provided with check valves 5 allowing gas to flow only into the bladder.
  • Connection 4 is provided with a check valve 6 allowing gas to flow only in the opposite direction, i.e. from the bladder.
  • the bladder shown in FIG. 1 is provided with two channels or connections 3 which are disposed on both sides of the central connection 4, but it is, of course, possible to make use of a different number of connections disposed in any other possible way without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the self-expanding part 2 When utilizing the bladder the self-expanding part 2 is compressed. This compression causes an overpressure to appear in the bladder. As a consequence thereof check valves 5 are closed and check valve 6 is opened.
  • the elastic part 1 of the bladder expands and tends to compensate the decrease in volume of the bladder (and accompanying pressure increase) caused by the compression, but the elasticity of the elastic part 1 is not sufficient, at small overpressures, to counter-balance said overpressures.
  • the compression of the bladder produces a rapid pressure increase therein up to such pressure values (for example overpressures of 30 60 cm. H O) which are required for producing inhalation during normal conditions.
  • the elastic part 1 of the bladder becomes more elastic and when the overpressure in the bladder has reached a predetermined value which normally does not harm the patient said part 1 becomes so elastic that any force tending to further increase the pressure in the bladder will immediately be compensated by at least a corresponding expansion of the elastic part 1. In this manner the overpressure in the bladder will not be able to exceed said value.
  • the broken line 11 in Fig. 1 gives an idea of a possible shape of the elastic part 1 after said limit pressure has been reached in the bladder.
  • the arrow S indicates how said part can be further expanded without pressure increase when, for example, a further amount of anesthetic gas is supplied into the bladder.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate how the invention can be applied to a double wall bladder comprising an outer skin 1 which is disposed around a self-expanding insert 2.
  • the outer skin 1 which is made of a gas tight elastic material such as rubber, serves as pressure limitation means.
  • the outer skin can be provided with folds l, the number of which is four in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the bladder is further provided with an inlet connection 3 and an outlet connection 4, the outer skin being tightly secured to these connections.
  • the connection 3 is provided with a check valve 5 allowing gas to flow only into the bladder, and connection 4 is provided with a check valve 6 allowing gas to flow only out from the bladder.
  • This connection 4 is either directly or by means of a gas conduit connected to a suitable respiration mask (not shown).
  • the insert 2 In'order to achieve the pressure limitation aimed at the insert 2 is provided with channels 7 interconnecting the inner cavity 8 of the bladder and the outer cavity 9 formed between the insert and the outer skin.
  • the insert has approximately the shape of an ellipsoid, the channels 7 being disposed near the vertici of the insert.
  • connection 4 When the apparatus is to be used connection 4 is connected to a respiration mask which is pressed against the mouth and the nose of the patient.
  • the artificial respiration begins with compression of the bladder (illustrated by the arrow F), thereby forcing the gas contained in the inner cavity 8 into the patient through check valve 6, connection 4 and the respiration mask.
  • the operator releases the bladder which regains its original shape due to the shape restoring power of the insert 2, and new gas is sucked into the bladder through inlet valve 5.
  • the outer skin 1 be loosely arranged around the insert in all areas, but it will be sufficient with a loose arrangement of the outer skin only in some portions, the remaining portions of the outer skin being secured, for example bonded, to the insert.
  • the bonded portions of the outer skin are preferably disposed in such parts of the bladder as are compressed by the operator during normal use.
  • the folds l of the outer skin 1 can be used for the indication of relatively small overpressures appearing in the system, the indication being performed by the straightening out of said folds. It is, however, not sufficient to provide indicator means in the fonn of folds such as 1' since the highest overpressure which can be indicated usually is too low and since an indication of this type requires a continuous surveyance of the shape of the outer skin 1.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The mode of operation of a double wall bladder according to the invention appears from FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the outer skin of the bladder shown in FIG. 3 has normally the shape indicated in continuous lines.
  • the gas contained in the inner cavity 8 is forced into the patient (arrow B), on the one hand, and in to the outer cavity 9, on the other hand. It is assumed in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the case when an overpressure is built-up in the system due to continuous supply of, for example, anesthetic gas and not by compression of the bladder.
  • the normal shape of the outer skin 1 is indicated in continuous lines, the shape of the outer skin after the highest permitted overpressure has been built-up in the system being illustrated by the broken line 11. Any additional supply of gas to the bladder which tends to increase the pressure therein will be compensated by a further expansion of the outer skin in the direction of the arrow S.
  • the resilient membrane 1 serving as pressure limitation means is disposed in an outlet conduit from the pump chamber 12 instead of forming a part of the wall of said chamber. More precisely the membrane 1 forms an end closure of a short branch connected to said outlet conduit of the pumping means.
  • the operation of the membrane is also in this case the same as according to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 4, the expansion of the membrane 1 in response to forces tending to increase the pressure in the system being indicated by the broken line 11.
  • the pumping means shown in FIG. 5 is a gastight single wall bladder 12, but this embodiment is preferably used together with another type of pump, for example a piston pump, the walls of which cannot easily be provided with a pressure limiting membrane.
  • the pumping means especially the bladder can be given some other shape than shown in the drawings
  • the connection for introducing gas into the bladder and discharging gas therefrom can be disposed in any other suitable way
  • the channels interconnecting the inner and outer cavities of the double wall bladder can be disposed in other parts of the bladder and the number of channels can be more or fewer than shown in the drawings.
  • the number, size and disposition of the pressure limiting membrane or membranes can be altered in many different ways while maintaining the pressure limitation effect obtained by the invention. It is, for example, possible to construct a single wall bladder having circumferential portions which are alternatingly thick and thin, the thick portions being self-expanding and the thin portions serving as pressure limitation means.
  • insufflation apparatus for performing artificial respiration in narcosis, which apparatus includes pumping means for moving gas from a gas source to a patient, the pumping means having a gas containing portion defined by enclosing walls, inlet means on said pumping means for connecting the latter to a gas source and including check valve means for preventing back flow of the gas from the pumping means to the gas source, and outlet means on said pumping means connecting the pumping means to the air ducts of a patient including check valve means for preventing gas from flowing from the air ducts of the patient into the pumping means, said outlet means including an outlet conduit, the improvement which comprises: a first wall section and a second wall section forming the walls of the gas containing portion of the pumping means, said first wall section consisting of a membrane that is more resilient than said second wall section, said membrane forming a portion of the wall of said outlet conduit and being disposed between said check valve means of said outlet means and said second wall section, said membrance being movable between an unexpanded
  • insufi'lation apparatus for performing artificial respiration in narcosis, which apparatus includes pumping means for moving gas from a gas source to a patient, the pumping means having a gas containing portion defined by enclosing walls, inlet means on said pumping means for connecting the latter to a gas source and including check valve means for preventing back flow of the gas from the pumping means to the gas source, and outlet means on said pumping means connecting the pumping means to the air ducts of a patient including check valve means for preventing gas from flowing from the air ducts of the patient into the pumping means, the improvement which comprises: a first wall section and a second wall section forming the walls of the gas containing portion of the pumping means, said first wall section consisting of a membrane that is more resilient than said second wall section and that is movable between an unexpanded position when the gas pressure in the pumping means is below a predetermined pressure and, under the influence of the gas when the pressure thereof exceeds said predetermined pressure, and expanded position, said
  • channels are a means for providing a total flow capacity which is sufficient to immediately urge said outer wall to an expanded position when the gas is at a pressure above said predetermined pressure.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Critical Care (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
US839592A 1968-07-08 1969-07-07 Apparatus for artificial respiration or narcosis Expired - Lifetime US3650268A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9387/68A SE345201B (fr) 1968-07-08 1968-07-08

Publications (1)

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US3650268A true US3650268A (en) 1972-03-21

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US839592A Expired - Lifetime US3650268A (en) 1968-07-08 1969-07-07 Apparatus for artificial respiration or narcosis

Country Status (17)

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US (1) US3650268A (fr)
AT (1) AT293602B (fr)
BE (1) BE735715A (fr)
BR (1) BR6910531D0 (fr)
CH (1) CH504874A (fr)
DK (1) DK120718B (fr)
ES (1) ES369223A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI52276C (fr)
FR (1) FR2012494A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1257530A (fr)
IL (1) IL32565A (fr)
LU (1) LU59060A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL162305C (fr)
NO (1) NO123543B (fr)
PL (1) PL80184B1 (fr)
SE (1) SE345201B (fr)
SU (1) SU403132A3 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4774941A (en) * 1983-05-04 1988-10-04 Intertech Resources Inc. Resuscitator bag
US5427091A (en) * 1993-02-16 1995-06-27 Phillips; Paul V. Pneumatic compressor for bag-valve-mask resuscitators
US5483955A (en) * 1994-09-27 1996-01-16 Respironics, Inc. Oxygen reservoir bag for a squeeze bag resuscitator
EP0744184A1 (fr) * 1995-05-24 1996-11-27 Siemens-Elema AB Réservoir d'un gaz dans un ventilateur pulmonaire/système d'anesthésie
US5749358A (en) * 1996-10-10 1998-05-12 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Resuscitator bag exhaust port with CO2 indicator
US6653525B2 (en) * 2001-01-18 2003-11-25 The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. Prosthetic device for respiratory patients
US20060200169A1 (en) * 2005-03-07 2006-09-07 Kevin Sniffin Specimen retrieval apparatus and method of use
US20080015475A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2008-01-17 Ventlab Corporation Manual resuscitation device
KR101819065B1 (ko) 2016-08-30 2018-01-16 연세대학교 산학협력단 가변 용량형 에어 마스크 백 유닛

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4537191A (en) * 1981-10-21 1985-08-27 Gottlieb Weinmann Gerate fur Medizin und Arbeitsschutz G.m.b.H. & Co. Pump element of a device for artificial respiration

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US287681A (en) * 1883-10-30 Vaginal syringe
US1337225A (en) * 1918-05-08 1920-04-20 Clarence L Heald Artificial respirator
US3046978A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-07-31 Lawrence N Lea Manually operated resuscitator
US3262446A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-07-26 Air Shields Resuscitator
US3291121A (en) * 1963-08-29 1966-12-13 Gordon H Vizneau Resuscitative device
US3295523A (en) * 1963-10-17 1967-01-03 Biolog Res Inc Disposable syringe with novel rebounding squeeze bulb

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US287681A (en) * 1883-10-30 Vaginal syringe
US1337225A (en) * 1918-05-08 1920-04-20 Clarence L Heald Artificial respirator
US3046978A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-07-31 Lawrence N Lea Manually operated resuscitator
US3291121A (en) * 1963-08-29 1966-12-13 Gordon H Vizneau Resuscitative device
US3295523A (en) * 1963-10-17 1967-01-03 Biolog Res Inc Disposable syringe with novel rebounding squeeze bulb
US3262446A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-07-26 Air Shields Resuscitator

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4774941A (en) * 1983-05-04 1988-10-04 Intertech Resources Inc. Resuscitator bag
US5427091A (en) * 1993-02-16 1995-06-27 Phillips; Paul V. Pneumatic compressor for bag-valve-mask resuscitators
US5483955A (en) * 1994-09-27 1996-01-16 Respironics, Inc. Oxygen reservoir bag for a squeeze bag resuscitator
EP0744184A1 (fr) * 1995-05-24 1996-11-27 Siemens-Elema AB Réservoir d'un gaz dans un ventilateur pulmonaire/système d'anesthésie
US5749358A (en) * 1996-10-10 1998-05-12 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Resuscitator bag exhaust port with CO2 indicator
US6653525B2 (en) * 2001-01-18 2003-11-25 The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. Prosthetic device for respiratory patients
US20060200169A1 (en) * 2005-03-07 2006-09-07 Kevin Sniffin Specimen retrieval apparatus and method of use
US20080015475A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2008-01-17 Ventlab Corporation Manual resuscitation device
KR101819065B1 (ko) 2016-08-30 2018-01-16 연세대학교 산학협력단 가변 용량형 에어 마스크 백 유닛

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO123543B (fr) 1971-12-06
BR6910531D0 (pt) 1973-03-07
GB1257530A (fr) 1971-12-22
FI52276C (fi) 1977-08-10
IL32565A0 (en) 1969-09-25
IL32565A (en) 1972-09-28
NL162305C (nl) 1980-05-16
DE1934608A1 (de) 1970-01-15
FR2012494A1 (fr) 1970-03-20
FI52276B (fr) 1977-05-02
SE345201B (fr) 1972-05-23
BE735715A (fr) 1969-12-16
SU403132A3 (fr) 1973-10-19
LU59060A1 (fr) 1969-11-18
DK120718B (da) 1971-07-05
CH504874A (de) 1971-03-31
NL6910396A (fr) 1970-01-12
AT293602B (de) 1971-10-25
NL162305B (nl) 1979-12-17
PL80184B1 (fr) 1975-08-30
DE1934608B2 (de) 1977-03-17
ES369223A1 (es) 1971-05-16

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