US3649545A - Synthetic detergent in masses and their manufacturing methods - Google Patents

Synthetic detergent in masses and their manufacturing methods Download PDF

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Publication number
US3649545A
US3649545A US3103A US3649545DA US3649545A US 3649545 A US3649545 A US 3649545A US 3103 A US3103 A US 3103A US 3649545D A US3649545D A US 3649545DA US 3649545 A US3649545 A US 3649545A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
slurry
masses
mold
detergent
synthetic detergent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US3103A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rinnosuke Susuki
Hiroshi Hoshi
Jiro Saito
Kiyoshi Moriki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lion Fat and Oil Co Ltd
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Lion Fat and Oil Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP325169A external-priority patent/JPS4831723B1/ja
Priority claimed from JP953769A external-priority patent/JPS4827886B1/ja
Application filed by Lion Fat and Oil Co Ltd filed Critical Lion Fat and Oil Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3649545A publication Critical patent/US3649545A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/08—Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0052—Cast detergent compositions

Definitions

  • Synthetic detergent in solid masses and in hollow masses are produced by first preparing a slurry of synthetic detergent containing a relatively large amount of sodium silicate with or without a foaming agent, then either placing the slurry in a mold or on a tray without the use of a mold, and drying the slurry with heat to form masses or cakes of specific shape corresponding to the cavity of the mold or to form masses of non-specific shape.
  • the hollow masses are produced by heat-drying a slurry either in a mold or on a tray to fully foam the slurry by utilizing the foaming agent and/or the moisture contained in the slurry.
  • the heatdrying in this invention does not rely on the conventional spray-drying process which requires an expensive, large scale apparatus.
  • Synthetic detergent in masses has many unprecedented advantages over conventional detergents available in powder or granular form.
  • the present invention is concerned with synthetic detergent obtained in masses or cakes, either solid or hollow, and it also relates to the manufacturing methods therefor.
  • the conventional powder or granular synthetic detergents have still further, important disadvantages.
  • One such disadvantage will hereunder be considered from the aspect of a certain ingredient of the composition.
  • these conventional detergents are manufactured by relying on the spray-drying technique.
  • This particular drying technique inevitably limits the amount of sodium silicate which is an important cleansing component of the detergent and which is incorporated into the slurry composition.
  • This is because the inclusion of an excessive amount of sodium silicate will give rise to the formation of SiO due to the reaction between the sodium silicate and the carbon dioxide contained in the combustion gas employed, and because the resulting SiO will make the washing water turbid.
  • conventional 3,649,545 Patented Mar. 14, 1972 synthetic detergent powders or granules have the inconvenience that the amount of sodium silicate which is available at a low cost and yet has a powerful cleansing abilitymust be limited in most cases to only several percent by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
  • an object of the present invention to completely eliminate the drawbacks and inconveniences of the prior art and to provide synthetic detergent in novel mass or cake form, either in solid masses or in hollow masses, and also to provide the manufacturing methods thereof, featuring the use of a slurry which permits sodium silicate-a principal cleansing component which is cheap and has a powderful cleansing abilityto be included in said slurry in any large amount as required.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide synthetic detergent in solid masses and in hollow masses, instead of providing the detergent in powder or granules as in the prior art, each of said masses or cakes having a specific or non-specific shape, as desired, and having a size substantially greater than that of the granules of the detergents of the prior art.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide novel methods of manufacturing synthetic detergent in solid masses and in hollow masses without relying on the spray-drying process which requires the provision of a large-scale and costly apparatus for this purpose.
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic cross sectional view of a mass of the synthetic detergent, showing an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 through 4 are similar views, showing ditferent embodiments
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are somewhat diagrammatic perspective views, partly in section, of two different shapes of the products obtained according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a somewhat diagrammatic perspective view, showing still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a somewhat diagrammatic cross sectional view taken along the line 8-8 in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8, showing the product having a hollow portion.
  • composition of the slurry of synthetic detergent which is employed in the present invention features the use of a large amount, say, in the range of from 10 to 50% by weight, of sodium silicate which, in the prior art, has been used in a very limited amount of only about several percent.
  • composition of the detergent employed in the present invention may comprise known ingredients for use in conventional synthetic detergents, i.e. various cleansing agents which are solid in normal state, builders, fillers and perfumes.
  • various cleansing agents which are solid in normal state, builders, fillers and perfumes.
  • the inclusion or omission of those components other than the cleansing agent can be selected appropriately as required.
  • cleansing agent is meant generally a substance selected from the group of substances consisting of alkali-alkylaryl-sulfonate, alkali-alkane-sul- 3 fonate,-alka1i-alkene-sulfonate, soap and various mixtures of these substances.
  • T he composition of the synthetic detergent obtained according to the present invention may include a small amount of foaming agent to an extent of, for example, 0.1-5.0% by weight.
  • foaming agent which may be used includes those of organic nitrogen group such, for example, as toluene-sulphonyl-hydrazids and azo-dicarboxylic-acidamides.
  • the amount of moisture contained in the slurry is, preferably, lower than about 2% in such an instance.
  • the selection of molding the slurry into either a specific shape cakes or non-specific shape cakes represents merely the difference on whether or not a mold is used, and, accordingly, the difference on whether or not the slurry is of a tlowability sufficient and convenient for being poured into the mold.
  • the methods of the present invention will be described including the aforesaid selection.
  • the mass of detergent slurry which has been prepared in a specific shape in a mold, or the mass of detergent slurry which has been prepared in non-specific shape and is placed on a support such as a tray, is dried by the application of heat at a temperature ranging from about 80 to about 250 0., preferably in the range of 120-180 C.
  • This heating may be performed by the use of either a furnace equipped with a resistance heat generator or a high frequency heating device, or a heating apparatus of the type utilizing steam introduced under a high pressure.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of the mass of synthetic detergent embodying the present invention which is obtained by heat-drying an amount of slurry of detergent having the aforesaid composition which is received in a mold having a spherically shaped cavity configuration, said amount being such that the cavity is filled substantially fully.
  • the mass of detergent thus obtained is of the structure represented by a spherical shape having a solid shell 1 and a number of bubbles 3 formed therein resulting from the foaming etfected by the foaming agent and or the moisture contained in the slurry.
  • FIG. 2 shows another example of the mass of detergent obtained by first placing an amount of similar slurry in a mold to such an extent as will have some space left between the slurry and the wall of the cavity in the mold, and then by fully foaming the slurry by heat-drying.
  • the resulting mass is of a porous structure having a hollow portion 2 formed thereinside and having a shell 1 which also has anumber of formed therein.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show masses of detergent which are obtained by exactly the same manufacturing methods as described above. These masses are formed by the use of molds having a columnar shape and a square case-like shape, respectively. It should be understood that, when the slurry is dried by the application of heat in a mold, there may be applied a pressure of the order of 50200 kg./cm. thereto in a manner similar to that employed in the compression molding of a synthetic resin.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show masses of detergent which are obtained by first preparing masses of detergent slurry of appropriate shapes without the use of a mold, then placing them on a support such as a tray or a board, and drying them by the application of heat thereto.
  • the mass shown in FIG. 4 represents a product obtained as a result of foaming which has taken place vigorously and fully, and presents a structure that the mass has a hollow portion 2, similar to that shown with respect to the mass of FIG. 2, formed inside the shell 1 which has a number of bubbles 3 formed therein.
  • the masses having specific shapes create a great deal of interest in the user in that the masses may be formed in any desired shape, such as automobile, ship or animal, by the use of a mold. They also have the advantage that the amount of detergent constituting each mass may be controlled so as to make the masses substantially uniform in size and weight relative to each other.
  • the present invention offers the user the convenience, i.e. it eliminates the troublesome procedure of weighing the amount of detergent required for each washing which usually has been performed by the use of, for example, a weighing cup. The user can substitute this weighing step by the mere counting of the number of masses or cakes of detergent.
  • FIGS. 7 through 9 wherein .the products have modified shapes. They may each be called a continuous blocks of detergent composition.
  • these embodiments feature the structure comprising a number of blocks 11 of synthetic detergent which are connected together in the form of an integral bar at grooves 12 which, in turn, are formed to define the borders between the respective blocks 11 so as to facilitate the manual separation of a desired number of blocks from the continuous integral bar.
  • the block 11 shown in FIG. 8 is of a cross section characterized by a porous structure having a number of bubbles 3 formed therein. It should be understood that the blocks 11 may be formed so as to have a hollow cross section defining a hollow portion 2 therein as shown in FIG. 9. In each of these instances, it is preferred to form the respective blocks in such a way that each block will have a standard unit amount of detergent suitable for use in one washing cycle which may correspond to, for example, one cupful of conventional powder or granular detergent.
  • the hollow portion formed inside the mass or cake of detergent as shown in FIGS. 2. 4, 5 or 6 may be so defined by casting suflicient foaming which is effected during the heat-drying process, as has been discussed previously. It should be noted, however, that this hollow portion may be formed also by positively introducing a fluid into the mold in a manner as in practiced in the blow molding of a synthetic resin.
  • a fluid into the mold in a manner as in practiced in the blow molding of a synthetic resin.
  • the features of the masses or cakes of detergent which are prepared according to the present invention may include the following outstanding points that the porous structure of the masses or cakes insures easy solubility in water, that the bulk specific gravity of the mass or cake can be controlled freely so as to permit it to have a relatively large value, and that the packages intended for the market may employ novel style which is considerablv different from the packages for the conventional powder or granular detergents.
  • Example 1 Percent by Weight Sodium-alkylbenzene-sulfonate 12 Glaubers salt 8 Sodium-tripoli-phosphate 20 Sodium silicate (used as a viscosity promoter) 40 Water 20 150 grams of slurry of synthetic detergent having the abovementioned composition were introduced into a mold having a cavity confi uration of a rectangular parallelepiped of 20 cm. x 20 cm. x 10 cm., and this slurry was heated to 110 C., after which the heated slurry was left to stand. In 20 minutes, the slurry was removed from the mold.
  • the product mass thus obtained was noted to have an apparent specific gravity of 0.4.
  • the proportion of the actual volume of the effective components against the apparent volume of the product was A drop test which was performed on this product from the height of 1 meter did not show any detached fragments of the composition from the body of the product. However, the mass could be easily broken apart into small pieces by hands, and the mass was noted to have an excellent solubility in water.
  • Example 2 Percent by weight Sodium-alkylbenzene-sulfonate 7 Glaubers salt Sodium-tripoli-phosphate 11 Sodium silicate 39
  • Foaming agent comprised principally of toluene-sulphonyl-hydrazid 1
  • Water 20 80 grams of detergent slurry having the above-mew tioned composition were poured into a columnar mold having a cavity size of 10 cm. in diameter and 7 cm. in height. The resulting slurry was heated under the pressure of 150 kg./cm. for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was elevated to 130 C., and the slurry was allowed to foam and to be molded under the pressure of 100 kg./cm. while being heated.
  • the configuration and the size of the resulting product was identical with those of the cavity of the mold used.
  • the product exhibited a moisture content of 13% and an apparent specific gravity of 0.2.
  • the mechanical strength and the solubility in water were similar to those exhibited by the product obtained in the preceding example.
  • Example 3 10 balls of detergent slurry each weighing 5 grams and having the composition identical with the slurry of the preceding example were placed on a board. These balls were covered to keep the applied heat from escaping therefrom. The space defined by the cover and the board was heated to 150 C. to foam and to thereby mold the slurry. The resulting 10 pieces of product in mass or cake forms of non-specific shape were noted to be substantially uniform in shape and to have a hollow portion formed within each of the pieces. They showed a mechanical strength and a water-solubility which were similar to those exhibited by the product obtained in the preceding example.
  • a method of manufacturing a foamed synthetic detergent in shaped masses comprising steps of packing a synthetic detergent slurry consisting of 525% by weight of cleaning agent selected from the group of water soluble alkali metal salts of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkane sulfonate, alkene sulfonate, soap and mixtures thereof, 1050% by weight of sodium silicate, 15-40% by weight of builder selected from the group of sodiumtripolyphosphate, sodium-pyrophosphate and Glaubers salt, 2050% by weight of water into a mold having a predetermined cavity configuration; and of drying the resulting slurry by heating said slurry to a temperature in the range of -250 C. whereby said slurry is foamed by virtue of the removal of moisture contained therein.
  • cleaning agent selected from the group of water soluble alkali metal salts of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkane sulfonate, alkene sulfonate
  • said slurry contains additionally 0.1-5.0% by weight of a foaming agent selected from the group consisting of toluene-sulphonyl-hydrazids and azo-dicarboxylic-acidamides.
  • a foaming agent selected from the group consisting of toluene-sulphonyl-hydrazids and azo-dicarboxylic-acidamides.
  • a method of manufacturing non-shaped masses of foamed, synthetic detergent material comprising the steps of preparing a synthetic detergent slurry consisting of 525% by weight of cleaning agent selected from the group of water soluble alkali metal salts of alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, alkene sulfonates, soap and mixtures thereof, 1015% by Weight of sodium silicate, 1540% by weight of builders selected from the group of sodium-tripolyphosphate, sodium-pyrophosphate and Glaubers salt and 1020% by weight of water; and of drying the resulting slurry by heating to a temperature in the range of 80-250 C. whereby said slurry is foamed by virtue of the removal of moisture contained therein.
  • cleaning agent selected from the group of water soluble alkali metal salts of alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, alkene sulfonates, soap and mixtures thereof, 1015% by Weight of sodium
  • said slurry consists additionally of 0.1-5.0% by weight of foaming agent selected from the group consisting of toluenesulphonyl-hydrazids and azo-dicarboxylic-acidamides.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US3103A 1969-01-16 1970-01-15 Synthetic detergent in masses and their manufacturing methods Expired - Lifetime US3649545A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP325169A JPS4831723B1 (ja) 1969-01-16 1969-01-16
JP953769A JPS4827886B1 (ja) 1969-02-08 1969-02-08
JP4473469 1969-05-15
JP4503669 1969-05-16

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CA (1) CA928604A (ja)
DE (1) DE2001884A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2028480A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1303102A (ja)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885026A (en) * 1972-09-20 1975-05-20 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Preparation of porous tablets
US4118333A (en) * 1975-10-20 1978-10-03 Colgate-Palmolive Company Manufacture of particulate detergents
US4681914A (en) * 1985-04-30 1987-07-21 Ecolab Inc. Solid cast detergents containing encapsulated halogen bleaches and methods of preparation and use
US4753755A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-06-28 Diversey Wyandotte Corporation Solid alkaline detergent and process for making the same
USRE32763E (en) * 1978-02-07 1988-10-11 Ecolab Inc. Cast detergent-containing article and method of making and using
USRE32818E (en) * 1978-02-07 1989-01-03 Ecolab Inc. Cast detergent-containing article and method of using
US4933102A (en) * 1987-08-12 1990-06-12 Ecolab Inc. Solid cast warewashing composition; encapsulated bleach source
US4999124A (en) * 1985-11-06 1991-03-12 Ecolab Inc. Solid block chemical dispenser for cleaning systems
US5209864A (en) * 1991-07-03 1993-05-11 Winbro Group, Ltd. Cake-like detergent and method of manufacture
US5310430A (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-05-10 Ecolab Inc. Process of dispensing a solid cast block of water soluble detergent
US5318713A (en) * 1992-06-08 1994-06-07 Binter Randolph K Solid detergent composition with multi-chambered container
US5364575A (en) * 1992-09-02 1994-11-15 Doom Sr Lewis Method and system for processing soap and soap-like materials
US5858299A (en) * 1993-05-05 1999-01-12 Ecolab, Inc. Process for consolidating particulate solids
US6365568B1 (en) 1991-01-29 2002-04-02 Ecolab Inc. Process for manufacturing solid cast silicate-based detergent compositions and resultant product
US6689305B1 (en) 1993-05-05 2004-02-10 Ecolab Inc. Process for consolidating particulate solids and cleaning products therefrom II
US20040162227A1 (en) * 1999-11-10 2004-08-19 Caruthers Eddie L. Autonomous cleaning composition and method
US20050130868A1 (en) * 1999-11-10 2005-06-16 Evans K D. Multiuse, solid cleaning device and composition
FR3137107A1 (fr) * 2022-06-28 2023-12-29 Capsum Composition de nettoyage solide comprenant au moins une cavité

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885026A (en) * 1972-09-20 1975-05-20 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Preparation of porous tablets
US4118333A (en) * 1975-10-20 1978-10-03 Colgate-Palmolive Company Manufacture of particulate detergents
USRE32763E (en) * 1978-02-07 1988-10-11 Ecolab Inc. Cast detergent-containing article and method of making and using
USRE32818E (en) * 1978-02-07 1989-01-03 Ecolab Inc. Cast detergent-containing article and method of using
US4681914A (en) * 1985-04-30 1987-07-21 Ecolab Inc. Solid cast detergents containing encapsulated halogen bleaches and methods of preparation and use
US4999124A (en) * 1985-11-06 1991-03-12 Ecolab Inc. Solid block chemical dispenser for cleaning systems
US4753755A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-06-28 Diversey Wyandotte Corporation Solid alkaline detergent and process for making the same
US4933102A (en) * 1987-08-12 1990-06-12 Ecolab Inc. Solid cast warewashing composition; encapsulated bleach source
US6365568B1 (en) 1991-01-29 2002-04-02 Ecolab Inc. Process for manufacturing solid cast silicate-based detergent compositions and resultant product
US5310430A (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-05-10 Ecolab Inc. Process of dispensing a solid cast block of water soluble detergent
US5209864A (en) * 1991-07-03 1993-05-11 Winbro Group, Ltd. Cake-like detergent and method of manufacture
US5318713A (en) * 1992-06-08 1994-06-07 Binter Randolph K Solid detergent composition with multi-chambered container
US5364575A (en) * 1992-09-02 1994-11-15 Doom Sr Lewis Method and system for processing soap and soap-like materials
US5858299A (en) * 1993-05-05 1999-01-12 Ecolab, Inc. Process for consolidating particulate solids
US6689305B1 (en) 1993-05-05 2004-02-10 Ecolab Inc. Process for consolidating particulate solids and cleaning products therefrom II
US20040162227A1 (en) * 1999-11-10 2004-08-19 Caruthers Eddie L. Autonomous cleaning composition and method
US20050130868A1 (en) * 1999-11-10 2005-06-16 Evans K D. Multiuse, solid cleaning device and composition
US20070184998A1 (en) * 2004-02-10 2007-08-09 Eco-Safe Technologies, L.L.C. Multiuse, solid cleaning device and composition
US20070232517A1 (en) * 2004-02-10 2007-10-04 Eco-Safe Technologies, L.L.C. Multiuse, solid cleaning device and composition
US7517848B2 (en) 2004-02-10 2009-04-14 Eco-Safe Technologies, Llc Multiuse, solid cleaning device and composition
US7517366B2 (en) 2004-02-10 2009-04-14 Eco-Safe Technologies, Llc Multiuse, solid cleaning device and composition
FR3137107A1 (fr) * 2022-06-28 2023-12-29 Capsum Composition de nettoyage solide comprenant au moins une cavité
WO2024003065A1 (fr) * 2022-06-28 2024-01-04 Capsum Composition de nettoyage solide comprenant au moins une cavité

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FR2028480A1 (ja) 1970-10-09
GB1303102A (ja) 1973-01-17
CA928604A (en) 1973-06-19
DE2001884A1 (de) 1970-10-08

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