US3647515A - Process for treating windshields of organic glass and, respectively, the outer layers thereof - Google Patents

Process for treating windshields of organic glass and, respectively, the outer layers thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3647515A
US3647515A US763818A US3647515DA US3647515A US 3647515 A US3647515 A US 3647515A US 763818 A US763818 A US 763818A US 3647515D A US3647515D A US 3647515DA US 3647515 A US3647515 A US 3647515A
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United States
Prior art keywords
windshields
bromine
treated
organic glass
plastic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US763818A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Jurgen Wilhelm Hahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmbH
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Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE19671694393 external-priority patent/DE1694393A1/de
Application filed by Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmbH filed Critical Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/12—Chemical modification
    • C08J7/126—Halogenation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for treating windshields made of organic glass and, respectively, the outer layers thereof, particularly the windshields of airplanes and aircraft with halogens in vapor or solutions to prevent the formation of static changes.
  • FIGS. I to 3 are cross-sectional views on an enlarged scale of panes of the glasses described.
  • FIGS. I and 2 are cross-sectional views of the glasses treated in accordance with the prior art, and are presented here for purposes of comparison,
  • FIG. 3 is a view of glass treated in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views showing certain relationships resulting from the processes of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a table showing results of treatment carried out in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an apparatus for performing the process of the invention.
  • the specific electric resistance of a windshield made of organic glass is generally from 10 to 10 ohm X centimeter.
  • the surfaces thereof must be made electrically conducting, i.e., antistatic.
  • antistatic effcct In order to achieve the required antistatic effcct on the windshields, it is necessary to reduce this high specific resistance to approximately 10 ohm X centimeter.
  • the desired results are accomplished by treating the surfaces of the windshields with materials which are compatible with the plastic glass material on hand, readily adhere thereto and do not affect adversely its light transmission and have the desired conductivity.
  • materials which are compatible with the plastic glass material on hand readily adhere thereto and do not affect adversely its light transmission and have the desired conductivity.
  • the inventor discovered that among the numerous materials best suitable for this purpose are halogens, namely, chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine. The first two mentioned halogens are particularly best suitable for the purpose.
  • the desired conductivity by providing it with a specific or a mixture of halogens, the conductivity or conductivities of which are predetermined.
  • the reaction may be accelerated by means of light or heat.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the chemical effect of the treatment in depths of penetration 7, 8 respectively, up to u, as they are produced with the aforementioned processes which are not suitable for airplanes and aircraft.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a part of a windshield surface which has been chemically treated according to the present invention with a depth of penetration of from 9 to l00 u.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the surface resistance and the time of bromine action at four differently chosen temperatures.
  • the percentage of halogens. particularly bromine and iodine, is produced as a function of the temperature on the basis of the vapor pressure equilibrium in accordance with Henry's Law.
  • the temperatures and durations of treatment are apparent from the following table. They depend upon the material that is to be treated.
  • the process of the preach is particularly suitable for plastics which are employed in their glass-clear conditions, for example for glazing airplanes, instruments, etc., and whose optical properties are not significantly impaired by an antistatic treatment.
  • Said plastics are, for instance, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyethylene and polycarbonate.
  • water vapor may be used, if necessary, in connection with the neutralization of the treated surfaces of the windshields.
  • vapor is an optional process specifically for plastics which are difficult to brominate and which at room temperature can be brominated only to an economically unsatisfactory degree, if at all.
  • the diagram of FIG. 5 shows light absorption curves in relation to wavelength of untreated EEC plastic windshields x, of bromine-vapor treated EEC plastic windshields o and of EEC plastic windshields treated with bromine vapor under a high vacuum.
  • the light permeability is indicated along the X-axis, the wavelength along the Y-axis.
  • the diagram shows that short-wave light around 400 nm. is absorbed particularly intensively and is therefore suitable also for accelerating the reaction.
  • the curves presented here apply only to allyl diglycol carbonate. With the aid of additional light treatment, the surface resistance can be lowered by one tenth power.
  • FIG. 6 shows three curves which illustrate that the light is strongly absorbed only within the blue and violet ranges, but hardly within the normal visibility range. This graphic illustration proves that the process according to the present invention does not result in a significant impairment of the permeability to light or transparency of the treated windshields.
  • the RC 900 plastic mentioned in the tests of FIG. 6 is obtained by peroxyd polymerization of monomers of allyl diglycol carbonate
  • the spatial bond with the macromolecule occurs on the C C double linkage. It is worth mentioning that no organic wetting-reactions occur quantitatively. Therefore, in the macromolecule remain in accordance with the degree of wetting occasional remaining double linkages.
  • These C-C double linkages are capable to react in conjunction with various addition and oxydation reactions.
  • the addition of bromine occurs generally radically stepwise often with superimpositions of these processes.
  • aromatic and aliphatic amines are used for the neutralization of the treated surfaces of the windshields. They are employed preferably in aqueous solutions and at elevated temperatures.
  • bromine causes a chain reaction. It occurs predominantly in the gaseous phase and is advanced generally by light or additions of radical starter mixtures in accordance with the following 15:1 Br-Br Br. Br.
  • the brominating process occurs in polar solvents such as for instance in cooled acetic acid as well as in the presence of catalysts, as per following equations:
  • the neutralization is a necessary process step designed to reestablish the stability of the plastic and to eliminate excess bromine. It is possible, if desired, to complement the neutralization with a correspondingly long watering, i.e., rinsing of the plastic.
  • the amines are preferably employed in the undiluted condition.
  • the neutralization is carried out in every case of treatment until all free bromine has disappeared.
  • FIG. 7 a treating device is shown for two airplane panes or Windshields, which shows the manner in which the saturation of the air takes place.
  • FIG. 7 an apparatus for carrying out the process of the invention is shown.
  • the window shield to be treated itself is utilized as a wall of the treatment chamber.
  • Other details of the apparatus will be obvious from the drawing to those skilled in this particular art.
  • the treatment of the windshields according to the process proposed by the present invention takes place at room temperature.
  • the air is saturated with bromine vapor and its flow is directed over the windshield surfaces.
  • the saturation of the air is achieved in that the air is passed in a closed cycle over liquid bromine in a storage container.
  • the windshield may be treated with liquid bromine with diluents.
  • a process for treating a transparent plastic article such as a windshield of an airplane comprising the steps of:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
US763818A 1967-09-29 1968-09-30 Process for treating windshields of organic glass and, respectively, the outer layers thereof Expired - Lifetime US3647515A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19671694393 DE1694393A1 (de) 1967-09-29 1967-09-29 Verfahren zum Behandeln von Sichtscheiben aus organischem Glas bzw. deren Aussenschichten

Publications (1)

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US3647515A true US3647515A (en) 1972-03-07

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US763818A Expired - Lifetime US3647515A (en) 1967-09-29 1968-09-30 Process for treating windshields of organic glass and, respectively, the outer layers thereof

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US (1) US3647515A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH501518A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1581263A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1208339A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4066387A (en) * 1975-03-26 1978-01-03 The State Of Israel Ministry Of Commerce And Industry Method of improving the sorption capacity of polymers
AU624668B2 (en) * 1988-12-21 1992-06-18 Mitsubishi Rayon Company Limited Dental composition and process for preparing high-molecular shape for dental use
US5296513A (en) * 1988-12-21 1994-03-22 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Dental composition and process for producing dental polymeric shaped articles

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2727831A (en) * 1952-10-09 1955-12-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of rendering polystyrene articles static-free and resulting article
US2788306A (en) * 1953-03-24 1957-04-09 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Surface treatment of halogenated fluoroethylenes and laminates thereof
US2801447A (en) * 1953-04-07 1957-08-06 Du Pont Process for treating polyethylene structures
US2805960A (en) * 1952-11-29 1957-09-10 Du Pont Process for treating polyethylene structures and articles resulting therefrom
US2832698A (en) * 1956-04-30 1958-04-29 Dow Chemical Co Method for destaticizing polymeric substances and articles thereby obtained
US2832697A (en) * 1956-04-30 1958-04-29 Dow Chemical Co Method for applying antistatic agents to polymeric substances and destaticized articles thereby obtained
US2876185A (en) * 1956-09-06 1959-03-03 Du Pont Chlorination of polyester structure
US3036930A (en) * 1957-12-24 1962-05-29 Hoechst Ag Process for improving the adhesiveness of polyolefins
US3076124A (en) * 1954-05-19 1963-01-29 Velourit Corp Method for eliminating static electricity
US3317339A (en) * 1963-12-23 1967-05-02 Monsanto Co Surface modification of plastic articles
US3364056A (en) * 1963-05-25 1968-01-16 Kalle Ag Flame and halogen treatment of a polyolefin to improve adhesivity
US3485574A (en) * 1965-03-15 1969-12-23 Uniroyal Inc Polyester and olefin yarns with basic resins therein wound on core,steamed and acidified with so2 or no2

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2727831A (en) * 1952-10-09 1955-12-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of rendering polystyrene articles static-free and resulting article
US2805960A (en) * 1952-11-29 1957-09-10 Du Pont Process for treating polyethylene structures and articles resulting therefrom
US2788306A (en) * 1953-03-24 1957-04-09 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Surface treatment of halogenated fluoroethylenes and laminates thereof
US2801447A (en) * 1953-04-07 1957-08-06 Du Pont Process for treating polyethylene structures
US3076124A (en) * 1954-05-19 1963-01-29 Velourit Corp Method for eliminating static electricity
US2832698A (en) * 1956-04-30 1958-04-29 Dow Chemical Co Method for destaticizing polymeric substances and articles thereby obtained
US2832697A (en) * 1956-04-30 1958-04-29 Dow Chemical Co Method for applying antistatic agents to polymeric substances and destaticized articles thereby obtained
US2876185A (en) * 1956-09-06 1959-03-03 Du Pont Chlorination of polyester structure
US3036930A (en) * 1957-12-24 1962-05-29 Hoechst Ag Process for improving the adhesiveness of polyolefins
US3364056A (en) * 1963-05-25 1968-01-16 Kalle Ag Flame and halogen treatment of a polyolefin to improve adhesivity
US3317339A (en) * 1963-12-23 1967-05-02 Monsanto Co Surface modification of plastic articles
US3485574A (en) * 1965-03-15 1969-12-23 Uniroyal Inc Polyester and olefin yarns with basic resins therein wound on core,steamed and acidified with so2 or no2

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1581263A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-09-12
CH501518A (de) 1971-01-15
GB1208339A (en) 1970-10-14

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