US3645823A - Process for forming a microfiche - Google Patents

Process for forming a microfiche Download PDF

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Publication number
US3645823A
US3645823A US879017A US3645823DA US3645823A US 3645823 A US3645823 A US 3645823A US 879017 A US879017 A US 879017A US 3645823D A US3645823D A US 3645823DA US 3645823 A US3645823 A US 3645823A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
microfilm
thermoplastic composition
film
microfiche
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US879017A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fritz Merk
Gerhard Debus
Herbert Ewald Muller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kalle GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Kalle GmbH and Co KG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3645823A publication Critical patent/US3645823A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D15/00—Apparatus for treating processed material
    • G03D15/10—Mounting, e.g. of processed material in a frame
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/26—Holders for containing light sensitive material and adapted to be inserted within the camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
    • G03C11/14—Pasting; Mounting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D15/00—Apparatus for treating processed material
    • G03D15/04—Cutting; Splicing
    • G03D15/043—Cutting or splicing of filmstrips
    • G03D15/046—Automatic cutting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1089—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor of discrete laminae to single face of additional lamina
    • Y10T156/1092—All laminae planar and face to face
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/11—Methods of delaminating, per se; i.e., separating at bonding face

Definitions

  • c1 ..l56/247, 156/299, 156/332 composition exhibiting low adhesive tackiness at ambient 9011- 5 33 56/344,161 3 161/406 ditions, but which is heat-activatable to adhesive tackiness, 51 1111.
  • c1 ..B32b 7/06 P microfilm image elements the layer under a ⁇ 58] Field 'ofSearch ..235/61.12; 156/247, 299, 332, ficiem Pressure superficially adhere the elements 156/333, 344 layer, and bringing the thermoplastic composition to adhesive tackiness in the areas of the microfilm elements.
  • thermoplastic composition in the areas of the microfilm elements renders the elements removable from the sheet, thus UNITED ES PATENTS providing for replacement of microfilm elements to revise or update the microfiche. 3,253,360 5/1966 Spicer ..40/158 3,083,132 3/1963 Miehle ..l56/234 6 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PATENTEUFEB29 I972 3,645,823
  • Another known method consists in that the arrangement of the documents in the fonn of strips on the sheet microfilm is achieved by lineby-linecopying of rollfilm strips onto light-sensitive material.
  • the two mentioned cases requirerelatively slowing working optical devices, and furthermore, the microfiches do not allow subsequent changes or insertions.
  • the film strips are bonded onto a transparent film support by means of an adhesive.
  • the process is comparatively complicated and usually requires a special device for covering the backside of the film with an adhesive, for cutting the film into suitable strips, and for bonding these strips in the desired position onto a transparent support.
  • only the marginal portions of the film are coated with the adhesive so that the central parts of the image are not always plane when being pressed onto the reproduction material during the preparation of further copies. This results in a lack of sharpness, of course. Changes or insertions in the mounted card are not readily possible since the hardened bonded assembly generally cannot be separated without damaging the support or the bonded film. The remaining adhesive residues impair the transparency and interfere with the application of the new microfilm image.
  • the present invention provides a process for mounting microfilm elements onto a transparent support, thereby forming a microfiche, which comprises coating the surface of the support entirely or partially with a thermoplastic layer which is only slightly adhesive at ambient temperature, but is heatactivatable to adhesive tackiness, laying the microfilm image element or elements .onto the desired area of the support, preferably with the back of the element in contact with the thermoplastic layer, pressing the elements in position, and briefly heating the thermoplastic layer in the area occupied by the microfilm elements.
  • the microfilm images and the support are heated only to such an extent that they can be separated again after cooling without being damaged.
  • the present invention further provides a mounting film for the performance of the proce$ of the invention which consists of a dimensionally stable transparent support with a thin coating of thermoplastic substance which is adhesive in the heat in a temperature range in which the dimensional stability of the support is substantiallymaintained.
  • thermoplastic layer preferably is so selected that it superficially adheres to a microfilm element at normal temperature under pressure.
  • FIG. 2 shows a microfiche assembly comprising mounting I film l0 bearing microfilm strips 14 and a microimage of another size 15 mounted onto'the thermoplastic layer.
  • the unused surface of the mounting film may be covered at a later date with further microfilm elements.
  • the upper margin of the film has a legible text 16 with sorting characteristics.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section of the microfiche showing a microfilm element 15 comprising the film base 18 and the image layer 19 adhered to support sheet 11 by means of thermoplastic adhesive layer 12.
  • the sheet microfilm mounted in accordance with the invention can be supplemented at any time by adding further images in the above-described manner.
  • a change i.e., a replacement of images by others, is also possible but care should be taken that bonding with the thermoplastic layer is performed at a temperature at which the assembly becomes not so firm that it cannot be separated again after cooling without damaging the film or the support.
  • the bonding temperature depends on the nature of the thermoplastic layer used and and be determined by simple tests.
  • bonds are generally made attemperatures in a range from about 40 to 70 C., which can easily be separated again by pulling the film image and the support apart.
  • bonding When making a permanent bond, bonding preferably is performed at higher temperatures the upper limit of which is determined by the decomposition temperature of the film layer or the softening or deformation temperature of the mounting film.
  • the upper limit of which is determined by the decomposition temperature of the film layer or the softening or deformation temperature of the mounting film.
  • temperatures of 100 C. or below generally are entirely sufficientwith the usual heat-activatable adhesives.
  • the bond achieved therewith is very firm and stable. If required, it can only be separated again after previous heating of the mounted assembly to a suitable temperature.
  • microfiches obtained according to the mounting process of the invention can be used for the preparation of duplicates and reenlargements in the usual manner. Since the image layer preferably is outside, the reproduction procedure is not connected with a loss of sharpness. For protecting the image layer, the microfiches may be kept in transparent bags and then be sorted in the form of a card index.
  • microfilm images there may be mounted text parts, sorting marks and the like on the support, which are legible without magnification and facilitate card-indexing and sorting.
  • the microfilm images to be mounted may be originals (e.g., on silver halide film) or duplicates (e.g., on diazo film).
  • the bases of these film materials generally consist of cellulose acetate, nowadays sometimes also of polyester or other plastics. All such materials can easily be mounted according to the process of the invention.
  • mounting with the layer outside is preferable, it is also possible to mount films having the layer inside. This may be the case with very thin bases without considerable sharpness losses occurring during the preparation of further copies. When no further copies are to be made this mounting method may even be of particular advantage.
  • the base of the mounting film consists of a transparent dimensionally stable flexible material.
  • Plastics films e.g., of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters, polyesters, polycarbonates, and the like are suitable for this purpose.
  • films of synthetic plastics materials with a low adhesiveness e.g., of polyethylene terephthalate
  • a known pretreatment for increasing the surface adhesion is advantageous.
  • the base of the mounting film may be coated entirely or partially with a layer of a known thermoplastic adhesive.
  • Suitable heat-activatable adhesives are, for example, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylic acid ester homopolymers and copolymers, polybutenes and styrene, and the like, natural resins, such as mastic, copal, etc.
  • Adhesives with a suitable melting range are particularly obtained in known manner by mixing such constituents with one another and with other additives, such as plasticizers, silicone resins, polyethylene, coumarone indene resins, pentaerythrite ester resins, etc.
  • Vinyl acetate homopolymers and copolymers e.g., maleic acid alkyl esters, acrylic acid ester, and the like, in the form of solutions or dispersions have proved particularly suitable.
  • Partial coating of the support with thermoplastic adhesive may be performed in such a manner, for example, that a portion is left uncoated at the upper margin of the support and, instead, is so treated that, for example, indications or sorting characteristics allowing mechanical sorting can be written or printed thereon.
  • Coating with an adhesive may also be performed in the form of strips or in certain patterns so that the film strip is bonded only at the margins or, for certain purposes, only spotwise.
  • the thermoplastic layer may also be covered with a thin cover film or an appropriately treated paper, e.g., silicone paper, which is removed before mounting. It is also possible to coat the back side of the mounting film with an antiadhesive layer, e.g., of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the cover film may also be printed, for example, with lines or squares and, during mounting, be placed under the film as an orientation auxiliary.
  • Example 1 An approximately 0.2 mm. thick cellulose acetate film was coated on one side with a thin layer of an approximately 50 percent aqueous dispersion of a copolymer from about 60 percent of vinyl acetate and 40 percent of dibutyl maleate, which contained about 1 percent of anionic and nonionic wetting agents as stabilizer, and the coating was dried.
  • the film was highly transparent and, on the coated surface, smooth and no more tacky.
  • the coated film was cut to sizes of I05 X 148 mm.
  • Two strips 14 of a 16 mm. microfilm were laid with the backside downward onto the desired place of such a film card 10, as shown in FIG. 2, and provisionally fastened by slightly pressing them by hand.
  • the film strips were safe from displacement and did not separateby themselves during handling of the card.
  • a strip of transparent paper was typewritten with numbers and signs serving for classifying the contents of the microfilm photos and the written strip 16 was inserted at the upper margin of the mounting card.
  • the assembly was then heated for some seconds to about 50 C. by means of a flatiron. After cooling, the film strips firmly adhered to the card and did not separate even when being bended to and fro. But the film strips could be separated at the comers with the fingernail and then be pulled down from the support without being damaged.
  • the mounted assembly was heated to about C. instead of heating it to 50 C.
  • a glass fiber fabriccoated with polytetrafluoroethylene was placed between the film and the heated surface. The achieved bond was so firm that it could not be separated without damaging the film or the thermoplastic layer.
  • the obtained microfiches were put into transparent film bags and sorted in filing boxes.
  • the card was placed with the layer side of the film onto the light-sensitive layer of the reproduction material and exposed to light. Duplicates of the sharpness of the original were obtained.
  • Example 2 A cellulose acetate film as that of Example 1 was coated with a thin layer of a solution of the following composition and dried:
  • Example 2 25 parts by weight of hydrogenated methyl abietate (Heb colyn D, registered trademark of Hercules Incorporated, USA) As in Example 1, microfilm strips were sealed at 50 C. onto suitable pieces of the coated mounting film. The micro-images could be separated again from the mounting film without damage. In a reenlargement device, very sharp enlargements of the mounted microfilm images were obtained.
  • Heb colyn D registered trademark of Hercules Incorporated, USA
  • thermoplastic composition layer b. ambient temperature in contact with said thermoplastic composition layer and under sufficient pressure to superficially adhere said elements to said layer;
  • thermoplastic composition layer in areas contacted by said microfilm elements to a temperature between about 50 C. and the deformation temperature of said elements, thereby effecting substantial adhesive bonding between said sheet and said elements by virtue of the heat-activated tackiness of said thermoplastic composition.
  • thermoplastic composition consists essentially of a blend of about equal parts of a 86:l3:1 copolymer of vinyl chloride: vinyl acetate: unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, and hydrogenated methyl abietate.
  • thermoplastic composition consists essentially of a 60:40 copolymer of vinyl acetate: dibutyl maleate.
  • a process according to claim 5 which additionally comprises replacing the thus removed microfilm element with a different microfilm element and reheating said thermoplastic composition to within said temperature range, thereby bonding said different element to the microfiche sheet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
US879017A 1968-11-27 1969-11-24 Process for forming a microfiche Expired - Lifetime US3645823A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681811212 DE1811212A1 (de) 1968-11-27 1968-11-27 Montageverfahren und Montagefolie fuer Mikrofilmbilder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3645823A true US3645823A (en) 1972-02-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US879017A Expired - Lifetime US3645823A (en) 1968-11-27 1969-11-24 Process for forming a microfiche

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3645823A (fr)
AT (1) AT301338B (fr)
BE (1) BE742147A (fr)
DE (1) DE1811212A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES373914A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2024351A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1284589A (fr)
NL (1) NL6917244A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3993533A (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-11-23 Carnegie-Mellon University Method for making semiconductors for solar cells
US4101701A (en) * 1973-05-17 1978-07-18 Polaroid Corporation I.D. cards
US4443287A (en) * 1980-04-10 1984-04-17 Ferag Ag Method of manipulating printed products and means and apparatus for performance thereof
US4517036A (en) * 1980-07-11 1985-05-14 Protocol Engineering Limited Making of printing plates

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835620A (en) * 1955-04-04 1958-05-20 Bartlett Francis John Woodford Method of preparing vinyl resin granules and covering containing same
US3036977A (en) * 1957-08-17 1962-05-29 Hoechst Ag Aqueous dispersions of adhesive vinyl polymeric materials containing carboxylic acid ester additives
US3083132A (en) * 1958-12-22 1963-03-26 Seal Process of preparing transparencies
US3130099A (en) * 1960-09-30 1964-04-21 Homburger Freddy Method for mounting biological sections, transparencies and the like
US3165848A (en) * 1960-11-21 1965-01-19 Langan Aperture Cards Inc Aperture card system
US3253360A (en) * 1961-01-09 1966-05-31 Scionics Corp Means and techniques for unitizing information
US3275589A (en) * 1963-02-14 1966-09-27 Grace W R & Co Terpolymer of vinyl acetate, dialkyl ester and alkyl acrylate
US3383264A (en) * 1964-03-25 1968-05-14 Converters Inc Method and apparatus for attaching and removing envelopes and the like from a carrier web
US3546053A (en) * 1967-10-11 1970-12-08 Kleer Vu Ind Inc Strip up microfiche master

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835620A (en) * 1955-04-04 1958-05-20 Bartlett Francis John Woodford Method of preparing vinyl resin granules and covering containing same
US3036977A (en) * 1957-08-17 1962-05-29 Hoechst Ag Aqueous dispersions of adhesive vinyl polymeric materials containing carboxylic acid ester additives
US3083132A (en) * 1958-12-22 1963-03-26 Seal Process of preparing transparencies
US3130099A (en) * 1960-09-30 1964-04-21 Homburger Freddy Method for mounting biological sections, transparencies and the like
US3165848A (en) * 1960-11-21 1965-01-19 Langan Aperture Cards Inc Aperture card system
US3253360A (en) * 1961-01-09 1966-05-31 Scionics Corp Means and techniques for unitizing information
US3275589A (en) * 1963-02-14 1966-09-27 Grace W R & Co Terpolymer of vinyl acetate, dialkyl ester and alkyl acrylate
US3383264A (en) * 1964-03-25 1968-05-14 Converters Inc Method and apparatus for attaching and removing envelopes and the like from a carrier web
US3546053A (en) * 1967-10-11 1970-12-08 Kleer Vu Ind Inc Strip up microfiche master

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4101701A (en) * 1973-05-17 1978-07-18 Polaroid Corporation I.D. cards
US3993533A (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-11-23 Carnegie-Mellon University Method for making semiconductors for solar cells
US4443287A (en) * 1980-04-10 1984-04-17 Ferag Ag Method of manipulating printed products and means and apparatus for performance thereof
US4517036A (en) * 1980-07-11 1985-05-14 Protocol Engineering Limited Making of printing plates

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1811212A1 (de) 1970-06-18
FR2024351A1 (fr) 1970-08-28
GB1284589A (en) 1972-08-09
NL6917244A (fr) 1970-05-29
BE742147A (fr) 1970-05-25
ES373914A1 (es) 1972-08-01
AT301338B (de) 1972-08-25

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