US3641953A - Boiler construction - Google Patents

Boiler construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3641953A
US3641953A US861415A US3641953DA US3641953A US 3641953 A US3641953 A US 3641953A US 861415 A US861415 A US 861415A US 3641953D A US3641953D A US 3641953DA US 3641953 A US3641953 A US 3641953A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
refractory
enclosure
gases
boiler
heat insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US861415A
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English (en)
Inventor
Claude Herzberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS filed Critical Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3641953A publication Critical patent/US3641953A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2700/00—Constructional details of combustion chambers
    • F23M2700/005—Structures of combustion chambers or smoke ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0045—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion

Definitions

  • Oil-fired boilers for central heating purposes have the shortcoming that the smoke therefrom contains varying amounts of unburned solids, with consequent varying color of the smoke.
  • a boiler according to the invention includes a combustion chamber operating at high temperature, the relatively cold metallic water jacket or water tube surfaces of the boiler being insulated within the combustion chamber from the hot gases of combustion by a layer of refractory insulating material having hot spots thereon. It also comprises, between the combustion chamber and the stack, in the sense of combustion gas flow, a chamber for heat exchange between the gases and the water jackets or water tubes. The passage of the combustion gases from the first chamber to the second occurs at least in part through a filtering partition made of refractory insulating material.
  • the preferred insulating material is made of mineral and/or ceramic fibers made up into felts or pads.
  • the hot spots are preferably produced by a grill or grid of refractory metal disposed on the face of the pads which is exposed to the flames. It is desirable to provide such a grid on both sides of the pads in order to improve their mechanical stability and to make it possible to reverse the pads when the grids initially exposed to the flames have been consumed.
  • the boiler shown in the drawing comprises an enclosure of parallelepiped shape. This is shown in the drawing as including vertical front and back walls 2 and 2' and a roof 2", which may be made of brickwork for example, or of asbestos coated onto the iron castings making up the water jacket in a boiler for domestic heating, to take another example.
  • the enclosure also includes vertical sidewalls, parallel to the plane of the figure and not shown therein, but of the same construction as the front and back walls 2 and 2'. It also includes a base plate 3, which may be of iron.
  • a burner is attached to the front wall of the boiler as indicated at l in the figure.
  • the vertical walls are lined with water jackets as indicated at 11, or alternatively with water tubes.
  • the base plate and the vertical walls are moreover lined, inside the water jackets or water tubes and part way up their height, with refractory insulating pads as indicated at 4 made of mineral fiber, the pads being disposed between metallic grids S of stainless refractory steel.
  • the pads may be made for example of kaolin fibers.
  • the insulated combustion chamber 8 thus defined by these pads is closed at the top by means of a horizontal filtering partition generally indicated at 6, made of heat insulating material such as ceramic fiber cloth l2 reinforced with one or more metallic gratings 13.
  • An opening 7 is preferably left at one end of the partition, adjacent one of the vertical walls, to permit escape of the products of combustion if the filtering partition should become obstructed.
  • the joints between the filtering partition 6 and the pads 4 with their grids 5 are carefully sealed with ceramic fiber cement.
  • the upper portion 9 of the boiler, above the partition 6, thus constitutes a heat exchange chamber in the usual way, bounded in part by the water jackets or water tubes of the boiler and traversed by the hot gases before they escape through the stack 10 where the Bacharach index may be measured.
  • the heat insulating pads 4 which line it retard the transmission of heat to the metallic surfaces of the boiler (i.e., to the metallic surfaces of the water jackets 11 or of the water tubes) so that the temperature in this chamber and on the walls 4 thereof is much higher than in boilers of normal construction. Combustion is accordingly improved. That is, the internal surfaces of the pads 4 are raised to high temperatures and the metallic grids or gratings 5 on the inner surfaces of these pads, being of small heat capacity, are raised to red heat promptly upon ignition.
  • the grids 5 thus function as means to ignite the unburned solid particles which strike against the pads. Under these conditions such particles are to a large extent burned, raising the temperature of the walls of the combustion chamber 8 and further improving combustion throughout it. Any unburned solids in the gases aspirated out of the combustion chamber by the draft provided by the chimney are arrested by the filtering partition 6, which may optionally have imparted thereto a catalytic action to promote burning of such particulate residues.
  • the invention encloses the flames and protects the water-gas heat exchange surfaces in the combustion chamber, while raising the temperature at points more remote from the flame, thus transposing downstream in the path of the combustion gases a part of the process of heat exchange with the water. It has however been additionally observed that the temperature of the exhaust gases in the stack is reduced, which represents, other things being equal, an economy of fuel.
  • the invention can moreover readily be incorporated into an existing boiler.
  • Each of these boilers I and II was provided with a combustion chamber in accordance with the invention by applying to the walls of the firebox and to the baseplate thereof pads of kaolin wool fiber. These pads were 12 to 13 mm. thick and had an apparent density of 0.1 grams per cubic cm. The pads were enclosed between refractory stainless steel grids made of 0.3 mm. diameter wire with 2.5 mm. width mesh.
  • the combustion chambers of the boilers l and Il so lined were provided, at 30 and 80 cm. respectively above their baseplates, with filtering partitions made of refractory cloth 2.5 mm. in thickness and weighing approximately 1 kilogram per square meter. This cloth was woven of threads made up of two twisted filaments, each having a metallic core and a coating of kaolin wool fibers.
  • the cloth was enclosed between refractory metallic grids similar to those applied to the wall pads.
  • the opening through the partition had a surface of 560 cm. for the boiler l and of 3.200 cm. for the boiler ll. Modification of the boilers in accordance with the invention reduced the Bacharach index from five to zero for the boiler I and from six to zero for the boiler 11.
  • the invention thus provides a boiler comprising means defining an enclosure limited at least in part by the walls of a vessel or vessels, such as water tubes or the jackets 11, in the embodiment illustrated, adapted to contain water to be heated.
  • the enclosure may be further limited, as in the embodiment illustrated, by walls 2 and 2' of heat insulating material outside those vessels, and by a roof 2" and a base plate 3.
  • the boiler also includes a stack for the exhaust of gases of combustion from the enclosure.
  • a plurality of sheets or pads 4 of refractory heat insulating material line a part of this enclosure, which part is at least partially closed off from the remainder of the enclosure by a sheet of refractory material 6, permeable to gases but acting as a filter to arrest unburned particles of fuel.
  • the sheets of refractory heat insulating material and the sheet of gas permeable refractory material may have applied thereto and may be reinforced by grids or gratings of refractory metal.
  • the gas permeable filter sheet thus divides the enclosure into a firebox proper 8, wherein fuel is burned with the aid of a burner or firing device 1, and a heat exchange chamber 9 whose walls are defined at least in part by the water-containing vessel or vessels 1 l free of heat insulating lining.
  • a boiler comprising means definingan enclosure limited at least in part by the walls of a water-containing vessel, means permitting the exhaust of gases of combustion from the enclosure, refractory heat insulating material in sheet form lining at least a part of the enclosure, a refractory metallic grating on at least a part of the inner surface of said refractory heat insulating material, fuel burning means in said part of the enclosure, and a sheet of refractory material permeable to gases at least partially closing off said part of the enclosure from the remainder thereof.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 further including a refractory metallic grating supported on at least a part of the inner surface of the sheets of refractory heat insulating material.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 including a metallic grating on each side of said refractory heat insulating material.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 wherein said refractory heat insulating material in sheet form is made of mineral fibers.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 wherein the sheet of refractory material permeable to gases comprises a cloth woven from refractory fibers.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 including a refractory grating on the side of the sheet of refractory material permeable to gases adjacent to said part of the enclosure.
  • a boiler comprising means defining an enclosure limited at least in part by the walls of a water-containing vessel, means permitting the exhaust of gases of combustion from the enclosure, refractory heat insulating material in sheet form lining at least a part of the enclosure, a refractory metallic grating on at least a part of the inner surface of said refractory heat insulating material, fuel burning means in said part of the enclosure,
  • said sheet of refractory material comprising a cloth woven from refractory fibers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
US861415A 1968-09-30 1969-09-26 Boiler construction Expired - Lifetime US3641953A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR168135 1968-09-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3641953A true US3641953A (en) 1972-02-15

Family

ID=8655083

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US861415A Expired - Lifetime US3641953A (en) 1968-09-30 1969-09-26 Boiler construction

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3641953A (zh)
BE (1) BE739083A (zh)
CH (1) CH514817A (zh)
DE (1) DE1949036C3 (zh)
FI (1) FI52401C (zh)
FR (1) FR1603973A (zh)
GB (1) GB1214770A (zh)
LU (1) LU59518A1 (zh)
NL (1) NL6914713A (zh)
NO (1) NO124960B (zh)
SE (1) SE355659B (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4406614A (en) * 1981-02-11 1983-09-27 Arne Pedersen Boiler liner for oil- or gas-fired boilers as well as procedure for the mounting of same
DE3340107A1 (de) * 1983-11-05 1985-05-15 Franz X. 6200 Wiesbaden Wittek Verfahren zum betreiben von heizkesseln mit verduesbaren brennstoffen und heizkessel zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US4587949A (en) * 1984-05-07 1986-05-13 Schott Lawrence A Combustion heater
USRE40590E1 (en) * 1996-01-19 2008-12-02 Hearth Technologies Inc. Universal non-porous fiber reinforced combustion chamber fireplace
US20140220501A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2014-08-07 Reformtech Heating Holding Ab Burner comprising a reactor for catalytic burning

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3819468A (en) * 1971-06-28 1974-06-25 Sander Ind Inc High temperature insulation module
DE3067657D1 (en) * 1979-12-05 1984-05-30 Arne Pedersen Boiler liner for oil- or gas-fired boilers
DE3144744C2 (de) * 1981-11-11 1984-04-12 Lafarge Réfractaires, 92542 Montronge Heizungskessel
DE3409106A1 (de) * 1984-03-13 1985-09-19 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Brennkammer
GB9108880D0 (en) * 1991-04-25 1991-06-12 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Improvements in or relating to boilers

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2245322A (en) * 1941-06-10 Boiler
US2658742A (en) * 1950-01-09 1953-11-10 Harold R Suter Catalytic fume incineration
CA610978A (en) * 1960-12-20 A. Clark William Furnace construction
US3324845A (en) * 1965-03-30 1967-06-13 Carrier Corp Fuel burning apparatus
US3336716A (en) * 1963-07-10 1967-08-22 Johns Manville Furnace combustion chamber with a transverse composition differential

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2245322A (en) * 1941-06-10 Boiler
CA610978A (en) * 1960-12-20 A. Clark William Furnace construction
US2658742A (en) * 1950-01-09 1953-11-10 Harold R Suter Catalytic fume incineration
US3336716A (en) * 1963-07-10 1967-08-22 Johns Manville Furnace combustion chamber with a transverse composition differential
US3324845A (en) * 1965-03-30 1967-06-13 Carrier Corp Fuel burning apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4406614A (en) * 1981-02-11 1983-09-27 Arne Pedersen Boiler liner for oil- or gas-fired boilers as well as procedure for the mounting of same
DE3340107A1 (de) * 1983-11-05 1985-05-15 Franz X. 6200 Wiesbaden Wittek Verfahren zum betreiben von heizkesseln mit verduesbaren brennstoffen und heizkessel zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US4587949A (en) * 1984-05-07 1986-05-13 Schott Lawrence A Combustion heater
USRE40590E1 (en) * 1996-01-19 2008-12-02 Hearth Technologies Inc. Universal non-porous fiber reinforced combustion chamber fireplace
US20140220501A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2014-08-07 Reformtech Heating Holding Ab Burner comprising a reactor for catalytic burning
US9618198B2 (en) * 2011-09-08 2017-04-11 Reformtech Heating Holding Ab Burner comprising a reactor for catalytic burning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1949036B2 (de) 1978-12-07
FI52401C (fi) 1977-08-10
DE1949036C3 (de) 1979-08-16
NO124960B (zh) 1972-06-26
FR1603973A (zh) 1971-06-21
GB1214770A (en) 1970-12-02
NL6914713A (zh) 1970-04-01
SE355659B (zh) 1973-04-30
BE739083A (zh) 1970-03-02
CH514817A (fr) 1971-10-31
FI52401B (zh) 1977-05-02
LU59518A1 (zh) 1970-01-09
DE1949036A1 (de) 1970-04-09

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