US3640758A - Method for coating the interiors of hollow bodies - Google Patents

Method for coating the interiors of hollow bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
US3640758A
US3640758A US16733A US3640758DA US3640758A US 3640758 A US3640758 A US 3640758A US 16733 A US16733 A US 16733A US 3640758D A US3640758D A US 3640758DA US 3640758 A US3640758 A US 3640758A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
projecting
spray
revolutions
spraying
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US16733A
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English (en)
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Edwin F Hogstrom
William C Stumphauzer
Eric T Nord
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Nordson Corp
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Nordson Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
    • B05B13/0609—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies the hollow bodies being automatically fed to, or removed from, the machine

Definitions

  • a commonly produced type of metal can is made in three pieces; Three-piece cans, so called, comprise open ended cylindrical body shells with separate top and bottom end discs which may be coated separately and apart from the body shell.
  • the interior of the cylindrical body is conventionally made of metal and has a seam running the length of the can. This seam may be of any common type such as a lapped seam which is soldered and crimped or cemented, or a butt seam which is welded.
  • Spray coating the interior of the double open end can, or cylinder has generally been accomplished in the prior art by an air atomin'ng or airless spray nozzle mounted on a lance that is reciprocated into and out of the can along its axis which the can is rotated.
  • the spray may be turned on either while the lance carrying the noule is reciprocated from its innermost position to a position outside the can, while moving from an external position to the inside of the can, 'or during reciprocation both into and out of the can.
  • the coating material tends to be applied to the wall of the can in a helical path which often results in helical streaks along the can wall.
  • Other problems occur in timing the spray with the movement of the lance.
  • it is difficult to out 01f the flow of coating material at the precise instant thatthe spray begins to be projected outside the open end of the can as the lance emerges therefrom, and at the same time supply a sufficiently thick coating to he can wall adjacent the open end.
  • Overspray is always excessive and, consequently, maintenance of the reciprocating device and the related mechanism is required at frequent intervals.
  • the lancing method is quite inefficient in that considerable time is required to move the lance into the can and to withdraw it therefrom.
  • Eberhart U.S. Pat, No. 2,189,783 Another method of coating the interiors of double open end cans is illustrated in Eberhart U.S. Pat, No. 2,189,783.
  • the Eberhart patent teaches the employment of two air spray nozzles for alternately spraying the interior of a can while it is rotating. Each can to be sprayed is indexed to a spraying station where it is rapidly rotated in a particular direction while a spray of liquid coating material is projected against the interior surface through one open end. Excess spray which is blown through the can body is carried away by an exhaust pipe located adjacent the opposite end of the can. The excess spray is drawn off into the exhaust pipe by an exhaust fan or blower. The overspray loss is wasteful and burdensome.
  • the spray is automati cally cut H and the can is conveyed to another spraying station where it is revolved rapidly in the opposite direction.
  • the interior of the can is sprayed with the liquid coating material through the opposite end of the can while the can is revolved.
  • the can is thus sprayed from opposite ends alternately while being revolved in opposite directions.
  • the can is then conveyed away from the last-spraying station and dropped onto an inclined discharge runway which carried it to a suitable place of disposal.
  • Eberhart is inefficient in that two spraying operations are required to adequately coat the interior of the can. Moreover, the system of Eberhart as well as those described above is quite wasteful of coating material in permitting a high percentage of overspraying which not only results in wasted coating material but also necessitates the expenditure of a large amount of time for cleaning of equipment.
  • a general object of our invention is to provide a method and apparatus for spraying the interiors of cylindrical cans having both ends open which substantially eliminates the disadvantages described above encountered with prior can spraying methods and apparatus.
  • a particular object of our invention is to provide a method and apparatus for spraying the interiors of cans having two open ends that is faster and more economical than prior practice, produces substantially no overspray, and provides a desirable uniform film thickness of coating material throughout the whole interior surface.
  • a more particular object is to provide a method and apparatus for spraying the interiors of double open end cans that employs two fixed airless spray nozzles positioned at opposite ends of a rotating can, the overlapping spray from the noales unifonnly coating the interior surface of the can.
  • our method includes the steps of rotating the can or other cylindrical object about its own axis and projecting atomized airless spray patterns of liquid-coating material from fixed noules into the rotating object through both open ends. Further steps comprise directing the sprayed material into angular longitudinally elongated contact with the interior of the object, distributing the material deposited from both spray patterns substantially uniformly throughout the length of the objects and restricting the spray from each nozzle to fall short of the open end of the object remote from the nozzle from which the spray is projected. As a result the interior of the object is coated unifomrly and overspray from the nozzles is substantially reduced compared to prior methods.
  • a preferred form of apparatus for practicing our method includes means for rotating the object about its own axis, a first spray noule positioned adjacent one open end of the object and a second spray nozzle positioned adjacent the other open end of the object.
  • the nozzles are oriented to spray coating material through opposite open ends of the rotating object to angular longitudinally elongated contact with the interior thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of apparatus for spraying the interiors of can bodies through both open ends according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side view of can rotating means suitable for use in this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a conventional drumhead" nozzle illustrating particularly the nozzle orifice.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a controlled distribution" nozzle illustrating particularly the nozzle orifice.
  • FIG. 5 shows the distribution pattern of a conventional drumhead spray nozzle, preferred for use in this invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows the distribution pattern of a controlled distribution spray nozzle.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of two conventional drumhead nozzles spray coating the interior of a can in accordance with a preferred form of this invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of two controlled distribution nozzles spray coating the interior of a can in accordance with this invention.
  • the cans, still rotating, are then dropped or stepped out of the indexing apparatus to an inclined belt or chute on which they continue to rotate and roll to a baking oven.
  • the belt and/or chute is of such a length that the cans will roll for a sufficient time and sufficient revolutions to allow the coating to become tacky enough so that it will no longer flow.
  • the uniformity of coating obtained during spraying is thus not impaired before the coating is fixed by baking.
  • the cans are then moved into the oven where the coating is baked at a prescribed temperature for a proper time.
  • Suitable can indexing and rotating apparatus for our purposes is disclosed in US. Pat. No. 2,189,783 to Eberhart.
  • the apparatus shown there may be employed for indexing and rotating cans.
  • Our method and apparatus for coating the interiors of cans requires, however, only one spraying station and one direction of rotation for the mos to be sprayed instead of two stations where cans are rota in opposite directions as taught by Eberhart.
  • the spraying of the can interiors should result in a uniform film distribution with a weight of coating of a particular number of milligrams per square inch according to manufacturers specifications.
  • Coating materials may be vinyl, epoxy, butoxy, phenalic, acrylic, alkyd, modifications of the above, or other suitable coatings.
  • Film distribution is commonly determined electrically by measuring the resistance of the film at a plurality of points on the interior surface of the can. Overspray may be ascertained by determining the weight gain of the can and .the weight of oversprayed material which is captured during the spraying process. Overspray is then calculated as a percentage of the weight of material sprayed on the can plus the weight of the captured overspray material.
  • FIGS. 1 through 6 preferred forms of apparatus for coating the interiors of hollow bodies such as cans is illustrated.
  • FIG. 1 can indexing and rotating apparatus, generally designated A, is shown rotating a double open end can shell 10 at a spraying station S where two fixed, preferably like or similar, nozzles 12 and 13 are positioned at opposite ends of the can to spray and coat the interior thereof.
  • the nozzles 12 and 13 are oriented with respect to the axis of the can, its direction of rotation and the intended line and angle of contact of the spray fan with the inside of the can to provide the very rapid coating of uniform thickness discussed more fully below.
  • the nozzles l2, l3 and the automatic guns 12g and 13g therefor are rotatably, pivotally and adj ustably mounted on indexing tables 15, 15' respectively, that allow each nozzle to be positioned bodily and rotated about horizontal and vertical axes with respect to the interior of the can to be coated.
  • Each can is rotated in a direction that advances the exposed edge of the lapped joint of the shell of the can foremost into a spray fan.
  • the nozzles may be oriented to direct a tangential component of the spray fan at the leading edge-of the lapped joint.
  • the can is rotated at high speed, characteristically between 500 and 3,000 r.p.m., with a typical example being 1,800 r.p.m.
  • the coating material is sprayed into the interior of the can during a little more than 3 revolutions, e.g., for about 100 to 200 milliseconds.
  • a uniform coating of desired thickness for example, 3.5 to 6.5 milligrams per square inch is deposited.
  • Overspray is minimized by selecting and/or adjusting the angle of incidence between the coating material and the interior surface of the can to overlap the sprays and, preferably, to produce mutual impingement and interference between oppositely directed sprayed particles or streams.
  • the coating material must have properties of good wetability and adhesion, and viscosity is characteristically within a range of 14 to 40 seconds as measured with a Zahn No. 2 efilux cup at 77 F.
  • the coating is deliberately sprayed off the proximate edge of the can for a distance of, for example one-sixteenth inch to ensure full coating thickness to and on the edge.
  • each can is coated and while still rotating it is stepped to a releasing station generally indicated as 16, FIG. 1, where it is released from the rotating and indexing apparatus and caused to roll down an inclined chute 18 to and/or into a baking oven 20.
  • a releasing station generally indicated as 16, FIG. 1
  • the coating material is prevented from accumulating in the can, and is caused to set with uniform thickness before baking.
  • the length of the inclined chute I8 is such that the can is caused to make a minimum number of setting revolutions, 50 for example, during which the paint becomes tacky so that it will not flow, and volatiles have some chance to escape the can before entering the baking oven.
  • the can may enter the oven 20 where the paint is baked at a prescribed temperature; e.g., at 300 F. for about 6 minutes, sufficient to cure and harden the applied film of the particular coating material.
  • the can be rotated no less than a whole revolution, obviously, and also that the can be rotated a whole number of revolutions plus a fraction of a revolution corresponding to the circumferential distance the can rotates while the flow from the nozzle builds up from zero to full-flow, and vice versa, i.e., while the valve in the paint gun is moving from closed to open, and vice versa.
  • valve opening and closing With a solenoid actuated, pneumatically operated valve the time taken for valve opening and closing is small but finite, and long enough to permit the rapidly moving coated surface to move an appreciable distance and be covered with a circumferential wedge of coating material of increasing depth while the valve is opening, and, desirably, should be covered with an equal and opposite wedge of decreasing depth while the valve is closing.
  • Our teaching is essentially to efi'ect the overlap as fully as practicable as examination of a few trial runs will suggest. It will also occur to those skilled in the art that imperfection or omission of the overlap will diminish in importance as the number of painting revolutions and coatings increase beyond the first one.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates suitable means for rotating a can at the spraying station S in FIG. 1.
  • the cans to be sprayed are held within a turret 21 which rotates incrementally about its axis to present the cans to the rotating means, generally designated R.
  • the rotating means includes a driven roller 22 supported by a bracket .23 secured to a frame.
  • An idling roller 24 maintains the can in firm frictional engagement with the driven roller. 7
  • Rotation of the driven roller is effected by a series of meshing gears 22, 25 and 26 driven by a sprocket 27 which in turn is driven by a chain 28.
  • the chain meshes with a driving sprocket (not shown).
  • each can is indexed to the releasing station 16 and rolls down the chute 18 as described above.
  • the can rotating apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is illustrated and described in detail in the Eberhart patent discussed above. Our invention, however, requires only one spraying station and one set of can-rotating apparatus instead of the two stations and sets of can-rotating apparatus required by Eberhart.
  • a preferred form of spray nozzle for use in our invention is shown in FIG. 3 and is commonly known as a drumhead" nozzle.
  • a common method of gauging the distribution of flow from aparticular nozzle is to spray a short burst of coating material against a vertical substrate with the spray pattern Characterisu'cally a particular nozzle will reflect its own peculiar characteristics when gaged by the above described method.
  • a drumhead" nozzle preferred for use in our method, has the spray pattern F shown in FIG. 5, skewed heavily toward one end, in ideally, a 100-0 percent flow distribution but, practically, in a substantially 95-5 percent flow distribution.
  • the maximum flow of coating material occurs at a point 31 approximately 95 percent of the distance from one end of the fan and 5 percent form the other end.
  • the amount of material flowing the rest of the fan tapers substantially linearly from the point of maximum flow to points of minimum flow'at each end of the fan.
  • the drumhead nozzle B shown in FIG. 3 has an orifice O that is widest at one end 32 to produce the point of maximum output 31 in the fan F and tapers to a narrowest point 33 corresponding to the point of minimum output in the spray fan.
  • FIG. 6 Another form of nozzle which can effectively be used inour invention is the controlled distribution nozzle, the spray pattern of which is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the maximum flow of coating material occurs at a point 31' approximately 75 percent from one end of the fan F and 25 percent from the other end.
  • the amount of material flowing in the rest of the fan tapers substantially linearly from the point of maximum flow 31, to points of minimum flow at each end of the fan.
  • FIG. 4 An illustrative form of orifice for a controlled distribution nozzle B to give a 75-25 distribution pattern is shown in FIG. 4.
  • This nozzle may correspond substantially to the familiar V- notch nozzle in which the orifice is slashed though a substantially hemispherical dome d with a single cut to give a wellknown symmetrical pattern, except that the orifice 0' is a smooth merger of a long narrow cut from the left, as viewed, with a short wide cut from the right giving maximum width to the orifice at about 75-25 percent line k to produce the 75-25 spray pattern shown in FIG. 6.
  • This nozzle and a preferred way of making it is disclosed andclaimed in application Ser. No. 13,598 filed Feb.
  • FIGS. 1, 7 and 8 illustrate diagrammatically the practice of our invention with a pair of conventional drumhead nozzles Hand 13, having axes 12a and 13a, to coat the interiors of double open end can 10.
  • the nozzles are positioned similarly at opposite ends of the can and, to the same side of the axisof the can body, FIG. 7, and have their axes 12a and 13a inclined atan angle i, FIGS. 1 and 7, measured horizontally with respect to the vertical plane v through the axis of the can body.
  • the nozzles are preferably inclined to direct the spray fan F parallel to the horizontal plane h, FIG. 8, and are positioned a distance z from the plane of the can opening as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the horizontal and vertical distances of the nozzles from the intersection of planes h and v are represented by'x and y, respectively in FIG. 8.
  • the drumhead nozzles 12 and 13 are so positioned that the percent or narrow portions N of the fans overlap and, preferably, impinge upon each other over their entire width while the 95 percent or wide portions W of the fans areoverlapped by, for example, one inch and, preferably, impinge upon each other over that distance.
  • the can is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow a, FIG.,8, so that the leading edge of the seam 34 is rotated directly into the spray fan F to be directly and completely coated thereby.
  • a beneficial etfect of the impinging sprays is the reduction and substantial elimination of overspray.
  • Our tests and present observations suggest that although the portion of the can beneath the overlapped part of the spray, FIG. 7, would apparently get more than its share of paint, such is not the actual result in terms of milligrams per square inch deposited in the middle as compared with the deposit elsewhere in the can.
  • the nonoverlapping portions of the spray fans provide uniform, minimum, desired coatings on the flanges 35 and 36 of can 10 and produce the same uniform coating over the adjacent areas of the can interior.
  • the tapered distribution parterns of the nozzles with the areas of greater output directed farther into the 'can compensate for the different distances from each nozzle to the parts to be coated. The result is a uniform coating over all areas of the can interior.
  • the pressure wall is presently believed or suspected to be built up'from pressure injected in to the can interior by the impingingspray fans, rapid release of solvents from the fans, and the rotation of the can.
  • controlled distribution nozzles FIG. 4, producing the pattern shown in FIG. 6, they should be positioned so that the 25 percent or narrow portions N of the fans are aimed farthest'inwardly and completely overlap and, preferably, impinge upon each other while the wide or 75 percent portions W of the two spray patterns overlap and, preferably, impinge partially.
  • the controlled distribution nozzles 12', 13 are positioned with respect to the can to be coated essentially the same as the drumhead nozzles with the 25 percent portion N of each pattern being directed farthest inwardly.
  • the portions N of the two patterns impinge upon each other over their entire width while the portions W impinge over a part of their width.
  • the nonimpinging areas of the portions W provide a uniform coating over the remainder of the can interior of substantially the same thickness as that beneath the impinging areas of the sprays.
  • controlled distribution nozzles when employed in our method of coating the interiors of double open end cans, produce a substantially uniform coating over the can interior with substantially reduced overspray, regard also being had for spraying conditions such as the wetability of the coating, its viscosity, etc.
  • drumhead nozzles, controlled distribution nozzles or othernozzles are employed topractice our method we prefer that the two sprays be directed into aligned opposition and mutual impingement as described above.
  • the cans are coated satisfactorily however, if the two sprays are slightly misaligned so that they overlap but do not impinge.
  • the double open end can 10 with drumhead nozzles, they were positioned at an angle i of 52 with respect to the plane v.
  • the can 20 was about 2 11/16 inches in diameter and 4 13/16 inches long;
  • the nozzles flowed 0.12 gal/minute of water at 500 p.s.i.
  • the coating was sprayed at 750 psi.
  • the distance. 2 from the nozzle to the plane of the can opening, FIG. 7, was about three-eighths inches.
  • the distance x from the nozzle to the intersection of planes v and h was about 1.25 inches and the distance y, FIG. 8, was 0 inches.
  • the can was rotated at 1,650 r.p.m.
  • the coating material was a vinyl lacquer reduced to a viscosity of 20 seconds as measured with a Zahn No. 2 cup at 77 F.
  • the material was heated to a temperature of l35-l40 F.
  • After spraying and coating the can was-released from its painting station and continued to be rotated and rolledat about 272 r.p.m. for 30-60 seconds before delivery to the baking oven. In the oven the can was baked for about 6 minutes at a temperature of 300 F.
  • the baked and cooled coating was uniform within a maximum variation of 1.25 milligrams per square inch and overspray was within 4 percent.
  • th double open end can with controlled distribution nozzles 12 and 13 they were positioned at an angle 1' of 55 with respect to the plane v.
  • the can 10 was about 2 1 H16 inches in diameter and 4 13/16 inches long.
  • the nozzles 12 and 13 flowed about 120 cc./minute of water at 40 psi.
  • the coating was sprayed at 750 p.s.i.
  • the distance 2 from the nozzles to the plane of the can openings, FIGS. 7 and 9, was about three-eighths inches.
  • the distance x from the nozzle to the intersection of planes v and h was about 1.25 inches and the distance y, FIG. 8, was 0 inches.
  • the can was rotated at 1,650 r.p.m. and the spray from the nozzles was turned on for 135 milliseconds. The can was then post rolled at 272 r.p.m. for 60 seconds.
  • the coating material was a vinyl lacquer reduced to a viscosity of 22 seconds as measured with a Zahn No. 2 cup at 77 F.
  • the reducing agent was a suitable solvent such as MIBK (methyl-isobutyl-ketone) and xylene.
  • MIBK methyl-isobutyl-ketone
  • the method of coating the interior surface of a cylindrical object having open ends such as the shell of a beer can comprising rotating said object about its own axis, projecting atomized airless sprays of liquid coating material from fixed nonles into said rotating object through both said open ends, directing the sprayed material into angular longitudinally elongated contact with the interior of said object, distributing the material deposited from both spray patterns substantially uniformly throughout the length of the object, and restricting the spray from each nozzle to fall short of the open end of the object remote from the nozzle from which the spray is projected.

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  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
US16733A 1970-03-05 1970-03-05 Method for coating the interiors of hollow bodies Expired - Lifetime US3640758A (en)

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US1673370A 1970-03-05 1970-03-05

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US (1) US3640758A (enExample)
CA (1) CA950770A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2102483C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2084146A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1325226A (enExample)
IT (1) IT989575B (enExample)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816165A (en) * 1972-04-21 1974-06-11 Nordson Corp Improved method and apparatus for stripping inside seams of cans
US3819403A (en) * 1970-09-28 1974-06-25 Nordson Corp Method and apparatus for applying wax to can ends
US3952698A (en) * 1973-09-27 1976-04-27 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Can treating system
US4025664A (en) * 1974-01-02 1977-05-24 Eppco Container coating method
US4186225A (en) * 1976-08-04 1980-01-29 American Can Company Method of coating the interior surfaces of a hollow article
US4205101A (en) * 1974-08-19 1980-05-27 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Pretreatment process
US5141774A (en) * 1988-01-14 1992-08-25 Prittinen Michael W Method and apparatus for coating internal cavities of objects with fluid
US5874016A (en) * 1993-10-04 1999-02-23 Sonoco Products Company Concrete column forming tube having a smooth inside coated surface
WO2011025653A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Nordson Corporation Spray coating with uniform flow distribution

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2848819A (en) * 1955-06-09 1958-08-26 American Can Co Method of drying a wet coating on the interior of a container body
US3081947A (en) * 1959-06-26 1963-03-19 Continental Can Co Pressure operated spray gun

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2848819A (en) * 1955-06-09 1958-08-26 American Can Co Method of drying a wet coating on the interior of a container body
US3081947A (en) * 1959-06-26 1963-03-19 Continental Can Co Pressure operated spray gun

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3819403A (en) * 1970-09-28 1974-06-25 Nordson Corp Method and apparatus for applying wax to can ends
US3816165A (en) * 1972-04-21 1974-06-11 Nordson Corp Improved method and apparatus for stripping inside seams of cans
US3952698A (en) * 1973-09-27 1976-04-27 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Can treating system
US4025664A (en) * 1974-01-02 1977-05-24 Eppco Container coating method
US4205101A (en) * 1974-08-19 1980-05-27 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Pretreatment process
US4186225A (en) * 1976-08-04 1980-01-29 American Can Company Method of coating the interior surfaces of a hollow article
US5141774A (en) * 1988-01-14 1992-08-25 Prittinen Michael W Method and apparatus for coating internal cavities of objects with fluid
US5874016A (en) * 1993-10-04 1999-02-23 Sonoco Products Company Concrete column forming tube having a smooth inside coated surface
WO2011025653A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Nordson Corporation Spray coating with uniform flow distribution
US20110052806A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Nordson Corporation Spray coating with uniform flow distribution
US8545937B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2013-10-01 Nordson Corporation Spray coating with uniform flow distribution

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DE2102483A1 (de) 1971-09-23
DE2102483B2 (de) 1973-12-20
IT989575B (it) 1975-06-10
DE2102483C3 (de) 1974-07-18
GB1325226A (en) 1973-08-01
CA950770A (en) 1974-07-09
FR2084146A5 (enExample) 1971-12-17

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