US3639801A - High-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp - Google Patents

High-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3639801A
US3639801A US49279A US3639801DA US3639801A US 3639801 A US3639801 A US 3639801A US 49279 A US49279 A US 49279A US 3639801D A US3639801D A US 3639801DA US 3639801 A US3639801 A US 3639801A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
iodide
mercury
lithium
discharge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US49279A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cornelis Adrianus Joann Jacobs
Louis Benjamin Beijer
Antonuis Jozephus Ger Driessen
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • H01J61/22—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent vapour of an alkali metal

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [22] Filed: June 24, 1970 A high-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp comprising an envelope forming a discharge space having a wall [21 1 Appl 49279 loading between 10 and 100 watts per sq. cm during operation of the lamp.
  • the discharge space contains a gaseous filling [30] Foreign A li ation Priority D t comprising a rage gas, a quantity of mercury between 0.5 to 40 mg. per cubic cm.
  • the invention relates to a high-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp provided with a discharge vessel whose wall is loaded by a power of between 10 and 100 watts per sq. cm. during operation of the lamp.
  • a discharge takes place in a gas atmosphere which comprises a rare gas, mercury vapor and the iodides of one or more elements.
  • the rare gas serves to promote the ignition of the lamp.
  • the mercury vapor pressure has a value of between approximately 1 and 30 atmospheres and the iodides are partially decomposed.
  • the said U.S. Pat. No. describes, for example, a lamp which in addition to a rare gas and mercury comprises sodium iodide and/or lithium iodide.
  • the sodium iodide and optionally the lithium iodide is present in an excess in the lamp, that is to say, unevaporated sodium iodide or lithium iodide is still present during operation of the lamp.
  • a very great excess is used in practice.
  • the said alkali iodides greatly contribute in the yellow and red parts of the spectrum of the radiation emitted by the lamp.
  • a very high-light output and a color rendition which is satisfactory for general uses are achieved by adding the iodides of thallium and indium to this lamp.
  • the visible spectrum of the radiation emitted by the lamp then has 4, and when using lithium, it has 6 strong emission lines of these elements.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp including a discharge vessel whose wall is loaded by a power of between 10 and 100 watts per sq. cm. during operation of the lamp and which is provided with a quantity of rare gas, from 0.5 to 40 mgs. of mercury per cubic cm.
  • the discharge vessel contains titanium in a quantity of between 0,01 and percent by weight of the quantity of the mercury present and that the quantity of iodine is at least so great that the sodium, lithium, thallium and titanium present can be bound to sodium iodide, lithium iodide, thallium iodide and titanium diiodide, respectively, and amounts to not more than twice this quantity.
  • a lamp according to the invention contains a small quantity of titanium iodide so that the spectrum of the emitted radiation in the range between 400 and 650 nm. is completed by a large number of emission lines I As a result the radiation emitted by the lamp has a spectral distribution which very closely approximates the spectrum of daylight. In addition the lamp may have a very high light output.
  • a lamp according to the invention contains an excess of sodium iodide and/or lithium iodide. It has been found that the emission of titanium is only slightly influenced by the presence of sodium and/or lithium. Furthermore, a lamp according to the invention may contain thallium. Particularly in those cases where in addition to satisfactory color rendition also a high-light output is necessary the addition of thallium to the discharge atmosphere is desirable.
  • the quantity of mercury in the discharge space of alamp according to the invention is to be chosen to be between 0.5 and 40 mgs. per cubic cm. of content of the discharge vessel. It has been found that the quantity of titanium in the lamp according to the invention must lie between the limits 0.0] and 5 percent by weight calculated relative to the mercury present. When using quantities of titanium outside these limits, lamps are obtained which are less satisfactorily useful in practice. If thallium is present in the lamp, the quantity of thallium should be not more than 15 percent by weight calculated on the quantity of mercury.
  • the overall quantity of iodine in a lamp according to the invention should at least be so great that the sodium, lithium, thallium and titanium present can be bound to sodium iodide, lithium iodide, thallium iodide and titanium diiodide, respectively, and must amount to not more than twice this minimum quantity.
  • the iodine may be introduced in an elementary form into the discharge space. In most cases, however, the iodine is dosed in the form of iodides of the other elements to be introduced into the discharge vessel.
  • Lamps according to the invention which contain a quantity of mercury of between 0.5 and 30 mgs. per cubic cm. of content of the discharge vessel are preferred, for a more stable discharge is obtained at these quantities.
  • the color temperature and the color aspect of the radiation emitted may be influenced and adapted to the requirements imposed for a given use.
  • a quantity of mercury for lamps having a comparatively low-wall load, namely between 10 and 30 watts per sq. cm., a quantity of mercury of between 0.5 and 5 mgs. per cubic cm. of content of the discharge vessel is preferred. It has been found that optimum results relative to color rendition and light output are achieved when the quantity of titanium is chosen to be between 0.1 and 2 percent by weight of the quantity of mercury and when a quantity of thallium of between 1 and 15 percent by weight of the quantity of mercury is used. Such lamps are used, for examplegfor those applications requiring a long lifetime, for example,- for street lighting.
  • lamps of this type are preferably provided with 0.01 to 0. l percent by weight of titanium and with 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of thallium calculated on the quantity of mercury. Such lamps may be used, for example, in portable lighting devices.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lamp according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a lamp according to the invention
  • FIG.. 3 shows in a graph the spectral distribution of the emitted radiation of a lamp according to the invention.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes the quartz glass discharge vessel of a high-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp according to the invention. Finches 2 and 3 in which current supply elements 4 and 5, respectively, are sealed in are formed at both ends of the discharge space I. These current supply elements are connected within the discharge spaces to tungsten electrodes 6 and 7 between which the discharge takes place during operation.
  • the discharge vessel 1 is placed in an outer envelope 8, for example, of hard glass one end of which has a pinch 9 through which current supply wires 19 and 11 are passed in a vacuumtight manner.
  • the current supply wires and 11 are connected to the current supply elements 4 and 5 and serve also as supporting terminals for the discharge vessel.
  • the discharge vessel 1 has an internal diameter of 15.5 mms. and a content of 7.5 cubic ems. The distance between the electrodes is 41 mms.
  • FIG. 2 shows a lamp according to the invention having a comparatively high-wall load which may be used without an outer envelope.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes the quartzglass discharge vessel which has an internal diameter of .5 mms. and a content of 5 cubic cms.
  • the electrodes 2 and 3 are provided at a distance of 15 mms. and are connected to contact terminals 6 and 7 with the aid of current supply elements 4 and 5, respectively.
  • EXAMPLE I The discharge space of a lamp according to FIG. 1 was filled with 25 mg. l-Ig 0.05 mg. Ti
  • the color aspect of this lamp is white.
  • the color temperature is approximately 5,500 K. and the color rendition is very satisfactory.
  • the spectral distribution of this lamp is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the wavelength A is plotted in nm. in the horizontal axis of FIG. 3.
  • the energy E of the emitted radiation per constant wavelength interval is plotted in arbitrary units on the vertical axis. The graph clearly shows that the entire visible range of the spectrum is occupied by emission lines.
  • EXAMPLE III A lamp having a structure analogous to that of FIG. 1, but with an electrode distance of 80 mms. and a volume of 120 cubic cms. which lamp is suitable for a power of 2,000 watts, was provided with 225 mg. Hg
  • the color aspect of the light is cool white; the color rendition is satisfactory.
  • EXAMPLE IV A lamp having a structure according to FIG. 1 was provided with 25 mg. Hg
  • the color aspect of this lamp ranges from pink to white.
  • the color temperature is approximately 4,500 K.
  • EXAMPLE VII A lamp of the type shown in FIG. 1 was filled as follows:
  • a high-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp comprising a quartz envelope forming a discharge space having wall loadings during operation of said lamp between and 100 watts per square cm., a pair of electrodes spaced apart within said envelope, and a filling within said envelope, said filling comprising a quantity of rare gas, a quantity of mercury between 0.5 and 40 mg. per cubic cm.
  • the iodides of lithium and sodium being present in an amount such that unevaporated lithium iodide and sodium iodide remains during operation of said lamp, the quantity of thallium being between 0 and percent by weight of the quantity of said mercury, and the quantity of titanium being between 0.01 and 5 percent by weight of the quantity of said mercury, the iodine component of said filling being in a minimum amount at least sufficient to bound the lithium, sodium, thallium, and titanium and not more than twice said minimum amount.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp as claimed in claim 2 wherein said discharge space has wall loadings between 10 and 30 watts per square cm., said quantity of mercury is between 0.5 to 5 mg. per cubic cm. of the content of said discharge space, said quantity of thallium is between 1 and 15 percent by weight of the quantity of said mercury and said quantity of titanium is between 0.1 and 2 percent by weight of the quantity of said mercury.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp as claimed in claim 2 wherein said discharge space has wail loadings between 30 and 100 watts per square cm., said quantity of mercury is between 5 and 30 mg. per cubic cm. of the content of said discharge space, said quantity of thallium is between 0.5 and 10 percent by weight of the quantity of said mercury and said quantity of titanium is between 0.01 and 0.1 percent by weight of the quantity of said mercury.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US49279A 1969-06-27 1970-06-24 High-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime US3639801A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6909891A NL6909891A (en:Method) 1969-06-27 1969-06-27

Publications (1)

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US3639801A true US3639801A (en) 1972-02-01

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US49279A Expired - Lifetime US3639801A (en) 1969-06-27 1970-06-24 High-pressure mercury vapor iodide discharge lamp

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3639801A (en:Method)
AT (1) AT297848B (en:Method)
BE (1) BE752550A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE2028781A1 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR2051304A5 (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1272545A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL6909891A (en:Method)
SE (1) SE355106B (en:Method)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852630A (en) * 1972-03-20 1974-12-03 Philips Corp Halogen containing high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
US3958145A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-05-18 U.S. Philips Corporation High pressure, mercury vapor, metal halide discharge lamp
US4015164A (en) * 1974-11-30 1977-03-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Metallic halide high-pressure gas discharge lamp
US4757236A (en) * 1984-11-29 1988-07-12 General Electric Company High pressure metal halide arc lamp with xenon buffer gas
EP0183248A3 (en) * 1984-11-29 1988-10-05 General Electric Company High pressure sodium iodide arc lamp with excess iodine
US5729090A (en) * 1995-02-21 1998-03-17 General Electric Company Sodium halide discharge lamp
WO1999028946A1 (en) * 1997-12-02 1999-06-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal-halide lamp
WO2000045419A1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-03 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal halide lamp
US20060178075A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-10 Musco Corporation Altering chemicals and removing white oxide coating on high-intensity arc lamp for better performance
EP1733691A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Apparatus for cosmetic skin rejuvenation treatment
WO2006078831A3 (en) * 2005-01-18 2008-11-06 Musco Corp Altering chemicals and removing white oxide coating on high- intensity arc lamp for better performance
US20110043123A1 (en) * 2006-10-16 2011-02-24 Richard Gilliard Electrodeless plasma lamp and fill

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234421A (en) * 1961-01-23 1966-02-08 Gen Electric Metallic halide electric discharge lamps
US3259777A (en) * 1961-05-09 1966-07-05 Gen Electric Metal halide vapor discharge lamp with near molten tip electrodes
US3452238A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal vapor discharge lamp
US3521110A (en) * 1967-09-25 1970-07-21 Gen Electric Mercury-metallic halide vapor lamp with regenerative cycle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234421A (en) * 1961-01-23 1966-02-08 Gen Electric Metallic halide electric discharge lamps
US3259777A (en) * 1961-05-09 1966-07-05 Gen Electric Metal halide vapor discharge lamp with near molten tip electrodes
US3452238A (en) * 1966-12-05 1969-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal vapor discharge lamp
US3521110A (en) * 1967-09-25 1970-07-21 Gen Electric Mercury-metallic halide vapor lamp with regenerative cycle

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852630A (en) * 1972-03-20 1974-12-03 Philips Corp Halogen containing high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
US3958145A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-05-18 U.S. Philips Corporation High pressure, mercury vapor, metal halide discharge lamp
US4015164A (en) * 1974-11-30 1977-03-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Metallic halide high-pressure gas discharge lamp
US4757236A (en) * 1984-11-29 1988-07-12 General Electric Company High pressure metal halide arc lamp with xenon buffer gas
EP0183248A3 (en) * 1984-11-29 1988-10-05 General Electric Company High pressure sodium iodide arc lamp with excess iodine
US5729090A (en) * 1995-02-21 1998-03-17 General Electric Company Sodium halide discharge lamp
CN100358083C (zh) * 1997-12-02 2007-12-26 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 金属卤化物灯
WO1999028946A1 (en) * 1997-12-02 1999-06-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal-halide lamp
WO2000045419A1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-03 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal halide lamp
US6300729B1 (en) 1999-01-28 2001-10-09 U.S. Philips Corporation Metal halide lamp with increased lamp voltage
US20060178075A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-10 Musco Corporation Altering chemicals and removing white oxide coating on high-intensity arc lamp for better performance
WO2006078831A3 (en) * 2005-01-18 2008-11-06 Musco Corp Altering chemicals and removing white oxide coating on high- intensity arc lamp for better performance
EP1733691A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Apparatus for cosmetic skin rejuvenation treatment
WO2006134555A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Apparatus for cosmetic skin rejuvenation treatment
US20080215124A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2008-09-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Apparatus for Cosmetic Skin Rejuvenation Treatment
CN100571650C (zh) * 2005-06-14 2009-12-23 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 用于美容皮肤再生治疗的设备
US20110043123A1 (en) * 2006-10-16 2011-02-24 Richard Gilliard Electrodeless plasma lamp and fill

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2028781A1 (de) 1971-01-07
AT297848B (de) 1972-04-10
NL6909891A (en:Method) 1970-12-29
SE355106B (en:Method) 1973-04-02
FR2051304A5 (en:Method) 1971-04-02
BE752550A (fr) 1970-12-28
GB1272545A (en) 1972-05-03

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