US3637385A - Solid deformation imaging - Google Patents

Solid deformation imaging Download PDF

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US3637385A
US3637385A US796847A US3637385DA US3637385A US 3637385 A US3637385 A US 3637385A US 796847 A US796847 A US 796847A US 3637385D A US3637385D A US 3637385DA US 3637385 A US3637385 A US 3637385A
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light
layer
sensitive
powder
particles
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Lester P Hayes
Rexford W Jones
William B Thompson
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Staley Continental Inc
Primary Products Ingredients Americas LLC
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Tate and Lyle Ingredients Americas LLC
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Assigned to STALEY CONTINENTAL, INC., ROLLING MEADOWS, ILLINOIS, A DE CORP. reassignment STALEY CONTINENTAL, INC., ROLLING MEADOWS, ILLINOIS, A DE CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. EFFECTIVE DEC. 30, 1987. Assignors: A.E. STALEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A DE CORP.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/05—Patterning and lithography; Masks; Details of resist
    • H05K2203/0502—Patterning and lithography
    • H05K2203/0525—Patterning by phototackifying or by photopatterning adhesive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/05—Patterning and lithography; Masks; Details of resist
    • H05K2203/0562—Details of resist
    • H05K2203/0585—Second resist used as mask for selective stripping of first resist
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/13—Moulding and encapsulation; Deposition techniques; Protective layers
    • H05K2203/1333—Deposition techniques, e.g. coating
    • H05K2203/1355—Powder coating of insulating material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/1053—Imaging affecting physical property or radiation sensitive material, or producing nonplanar or printing surface - process, composition, or product: radiation sensitive composition or product or process of making binder containing
    • Y10S430/1055—Radiation sensitive composition or product or process of making
    • Y10S430/114—Initiator containing

Definitions

  • thermoplastic deformation imaging where a latent image is formed by exposure to actinic radiation and developed by the application of a suitable force.
  • image development can result from the production of discontinuities on the surface of a thermoplastic light-sensitive element, such as frost patterns" or rippled images in xerography, or within the thermoplastic light-sensitive element, such as gas bubbles in vesicular prints.
  • the discontinuities in the frost deformation images scatter light and become visible when subjected to transmitted light, preferably provided by an optical viewer or projector.
  • prior art deformation imaging processes employ a light exposure step followed by temporary softening ofthe thermoplastic layer by heat or solvent, which permits a suitable force, such as electrostatic or gas pressure, to deform the thermoplastic light-sensitive element.
  • the images or discontinuities are frozen into or on the thermoplastic layer by hardening said layer, usually by cooling the melted layer.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,317,315 indicates that xerographic deformation processes have the advantage, when compared to conventional xerographic processes, that they do not require means for applying toner or means for fixing the toner to form a permanent image.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,024 discloses forming a latent image by exposing a thermoplastic light-sensitive element comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a plasticizing addition polymerizable monomer to light until substantial polymerization takes place in the exposed areas.
  • the latent image is developed by heating the light-sensitive element to soften or liquify the underexposed thermoplastic areas, dusting or sprinkling the element with a suitable powder, such as carbon black, cooling the light-sensitive element to freeze the particles into the unde rexposed areas and removing unattached powder from the nonimage areas.
  • a suitable powder such as carbon black
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,090,450 discloses that acetals of nitrobenzaldehydes can be changed by exposure to light to render the exposed area either adhesive or nonadhesive.
  • the exposed element is developed by dusting with a suitable powder, such as soot.
  • the general object of this invention is to provide a method and elements for forming deformation images wherein the deformation image is developed by embedding particles of a predetermined size into a stratum at the surface of a powderreceptive, solid, light-sensitive organic layer
  • One important object of this invention is to provide a method of forming direct-reading, positive, continuous-tone deformation images without forming a negative intermediate, wherein the continuous-tone deformation image is developed by embedding particles of a predetermined size directly into a stratum at the surface of a powder-receptive, solid, light-sensitive organic layer.
  • mechanical embedded or mechanical force are used to indicate that the powder particle is subjected to a manual or machine force, such as a lateral to-andfro or circular rubbing or scrubbing action.
  • embedded is used to indicate that the powder particle displaces at least a portion of the light-sensitive layer and is held in the depression so created, i.e., at least a portion of each particle is below the surface of the light-sensitive layer.
  • this invention is a process for forming deformation images which comprises: exposing to actinic radiation in image-receiving manner a solid, positive-acting, light-sensitive organic layer having a thickness of at least 0.1 micron, said layer being capable of developing a R, of 0.2 to 2.2; continuing the exposure to render the background areas nonpowder receptive (clear the background); applying to said layer a free-flowing powder having a diameter along at least one axis of at least about 0.3 micron but less than about 25 times the thickness of said layer; while said layer is at a temperature below the melting point of the layer and powder particles, physically embedding said powder particles as a monolayer in a stratum at the surface of the powder receptive areas of said layer to yield an image having portions varying in density in proportion to the exposure of each portion; and removing nonernbedded particles from said layer to develop said image.
  • this invention is a process for forming deformation images which comprises exposing to actinic radiation in image-receiving manner a solid, negative acting light-sensitive organic layer having a thickness of at least O.l micron, said layer being capable of developing a R,, of 0.2 to 2.2; continuing the exposure to establish a R of 0.2 to 2.2; applying to said layer a free-flowing powder having a diameter along at least one axis of at least about 0.3 micron but less than 25 times the thickness of said organic layer; while the layer is at a temperature below the melting points of the layer and powder particles, physically embedding said powder particles as a monolayer in a stratum at the surface of the powder receptive areas of said light-exposed layer to yield an image having portions varying in density in proportion to the exposure of each portion; and removing nonembedded particles from said organic layer to develop contrast.
  • this invention is a process for forming direct-reading, positive, continuous-tone deformation images without forming a negative intermediate, which comprises: exposing to actinic radiation in continuous-tone image-receiving manner a solid, positive-acting, light-sensitive organic layer having a thickness of at least 0.1 micron, said layer being capable of developing a R of 0.2 to 2.2; continuing the exposure to clear the background of the light-sensitive layer; applying to said layer of organic material free-flowing powder particles having a diameter along at least one axis of at least about 0.3 micron and less than about 25 times the thickness of said organic layer; while the layer is at a temperature below the melting point of the layer and powder particles, mechanically embedding said powder particles as a monolayer in a stratum at the surface of said light-sensitive layer at ambient temperature'to yield a continuous-tone image having portions varying in density in proportion to the exposure of each portion; and removing nonembedded particles from said organic layer to develop said image.
  • the present invention provides a method of forming visible deformation images wherein the deformation image is developed by embedding particles of a predetermined size into a stratum at the surface of a powder-receptive, solid, light-sensitive organic layer,
  • This process makes use of the discovery that thin layers of many solid organic materials, some in substantially their naturally occurring or manufactured forms and others including additives to control their powder receptivity and/or sensitivity to actinic radiation, can have surface properties that can be varied within a critical range by exposure to actinic radiation between a particlereceptive condition and a particle-nonreceptive condition such that, by the methods of the present invention, continuous-tone images of high quality can be formed as well as line images and half-tones.
  • the particle receptivity and particle nonreceptivity of the solid thin layers are dependent on the size of the particles, the thickness of the solid thin layer and the development conditions, such as layer temperature.
  • the present invention differs from known processes in various subtle and unobvious ways.
  • the particles that form an image are not merely dusted on, but instead are applied against the surface of the light-sensitive thin layer under moderate physical force.
  • the relatively soft or particle-receptive nature of the light-sensitive layer is such that substantially a monolayer of particles, or isolated small agglomerates of a predetermined size, are at least partially embedded in a stratum at the surface of the light-sensitive layer by moderate physical force.
  • the surface condition in the particle-receptive areas is at most only slightly soft but not fluid, as in prior processes.
  • the relatively hard or particle-nonreceptive condition of the light-sensitive surface in the nonimage areas is such that when particles of a predetermined size are appliedvunder the same moderate physical force few, if any,
  • the light-sensitive organic layer is sensitized to actinic radiation in such manner that a determinable quantity of actinic radiation changes the surface of the film from the particle receptive condition to the nonreceptive condition.
  • the unexposed areas accept a maximum concentration of particles while fully exposed areas accept no particles.
  • the light-sensitive organic layer is sensitive to actinic radiation in the opposite way, such that a determinable quantity of such radiation changes the surface of the film from the particle nonreceptive condition to the receptive condition.
  • the R, of a positive acting light-sensitive layer which is called R is a photometric measurement of the reflection density of a black-powder-developed light-sensitive layer after a positive-acting, light-sensitive layer has been exposed to sufficient actinic radiation to convert the exposed areas (or most exposed areas, when a continuous-tone transparency is used) into a substantially powder-nonreceptive state (clear the background).
  • the R of a negative acting light-sensitive layer, which is called R is a photometric measurement of the reflection density of a black powder developed area, after a negative-acting, light-sensitive layer has been exposed to sufficient actinic radiation to convert the exposed area into a powder-receptive area.
  • lecithin elements containing from about 1-15 percent by weight ferric chloride based on the weight of the lecithin are so light-sensitive that they must be handled under yellow safety lights much like silver halide emulsions.
  • the ferric chloride-photoactivated lecithin is about times slower than silver halide printing papers but faster than commercial diazo material.
  • Ferric chloride also advantageously increases the toughness and integrity of phosphatide layers.
  • These compounds can be used in a concentration of 0.001 to 2 times the weight of the film-forming organic material (0.1-200 percent the weight of film former). As in most catalytic systems, the best photoactivator and optimum concentration thereof is dependent upon the film-forming organic material. Some photoactivators respond better with one type of film former and may be useful over rather narrow concentration ranges whereas others are useful with substantially all film formers in wide concentration ranges.
  • plasticizers can be used to impart optimum powder receptivity to the light-sensitive layer.
  • most of the film-forming light-sensitive organic materials useful in this invention are not powderreceptive at room temperature but are powder-receptive above room temperature. Accordingly, it is desirable to add sufficient plasticizer to impart room temperature (15 to 30 C.) or ambient temperature powder receptivity to the lightsensitive layers and/or broaden the R,;,, range of the light-sensitive layers.
  • plasticizers are particularly useful in continuous tone reproduction systems, where the light-sensitive layer must have a R,,,, of at least 0.5 and preferably 0.7-2.0. If the R,,,, is less than 0.5., the developed image lacks the tonal contrast necessary for aesthetically pleasing continuous tone reproductions.
  • plasticizers While various softening agents, such as dimethyl siloxanes, glycerol, vegetable oils, etc., can be used as plasticizers, benzil and benzoin are preferred since, as pointed out above, these materials have the additional advantage that they increase the light-sensitivity of the film-forming organic materials.
  • plasticizer-photoactivators benzoin and benzil are preferably used in a concentration of l to percent by weight of the film-fonning solid organic material.
  • the preferred positive-acting light-sensitive film formers containing no conjugated terminal ethyleni'c unsaturation include the esters and acids of internally ethylenically unsaturated acids, particularly the phosphatides, rosin acids, partially hydrogenated rosin acids and the partially hydrogenated rosin esters.
  • suitable photoactivators preferably acyloins or vicinal diketones together with superphotoactivators, or ferric chloride in the case of lecithin, require less than 2 minutes exposure to clear the background of light-sensitive layers and yield excellent continuous-tone reproductions having a R of at least 0.5 as well as line image and halftone reproductions.
  • the negative-acting light-sensitive layers useful in this invention comprise a film-forming organic material in its naturally occurring or manufactured form, or a mixture of said organic material with plasticizers and/or photoactivators for adjusting powder receptivity and sensitivity to actinic radiation.
  • Suitable negative acting film-forming organic materials include n-benzyl linoleamide, dilinoleyl-alpha-lecithin, castor wax (glycerol l2-hydroxy-stearate), polyisobutylene, polyvinyl stearate, etc. Of these, castor wax is preferred. These materials can be compounded with plasticizers and/or photoactivators in the same manner as the positive acting light-sensitive film-forming organic materials.
  • the substrates for the light-sensitive elements should be smooth and uniform in order to facilitate obtaining a smooth coating. While transparent supports can be employed, opaque supports, preferably white, are preferred for optimum eye appeal and/or for determining R, of a light-sensitive element. Suitable opaque white supports include 80-pound white Lustercoat cover CIS (coated on one side) (S. D. Warren Company, Boston, Mass), Tedlar PVF (polyvinyl fluoride) film, etc. In some cases, it is desirable to apply a hydrophilic subbing layer to substrates, particularly paper substrates. The hydrophilic subbing layer slows down the penetration of organic solvent solutions and, other things being equal, permits the formation of thicker light-sensitive layers.
  • Suitable hydrophilic subbing layers include polyvinyl alcohol, hardened gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, amylose, polyacrylic acid, etc.
  • the hydrophilic layer has the additional advantage that it can be used as a dye-imbibition receiving layer, as explained below.
  • a latent image is formed in the light-sensitive elements of this invention by exposing the element to actinic radiation in image-receiving manner for a time sufficient to clear the background of the positive-acting, light-sensitive layers or establish a potential R,,,, of 0.2 to 2.2 with negative-acting, light-sensitive layers.
  • the light-sensitive elements can be exposed to actinic light through a photographic positive or negative, which may be line, halftone or continuous tone, etc.
  • the latent images are produced from positiveacting, light-sensitive layers by exposing the element in imagereceiving manner for a time sufficient to clear the background, i.e., render the exposed areas nonpowder receptive.
  • the amount of actinic radiation necessary to clear the background varies to some extent with developer powder size and development conditions. Due to these variations, it is often desirable to slightly overexpose line and halftone images in order to assure complete clearing of the background. Slightly more care is necessary in continuoustone work since overexposure tends to decrease the tonal range of the developed image. In general, overexposure is preferred with negative-acting, light-sensitive elements in order to provide maximum contrast.
  • a suitable developing powder having a diameter or dimension along one axis of at least 0.3 micron is applied physically with a suitable force, preferably mechanically, to embed the powder in the light-sensitive layer.
  • the developing powder can be virtually any shape, such as spherical, acicular, platelets, etc.
  • the developing powder can be a pigment or dye of suitable size
  • resinous or polymeric materials as carriers for pigments or dyes, since most pigments or dyes are not available in the required size range for use in this invention.
  • the pigments or dyes can be ball milled with polymeric carrier in order to coat the carrier with pigment or dye or, if desired, pigments or dyes can be blended above the melting point of a resinous carrier, ground to a suitable size and classified. In some cases, it is advantageous to dissolve dye and carrier in a mutual solvent, dry and grind to suitable size.
  • the black developing powder for determining the R, of a light-sensitive layer and developing black images is formed by heating about 77 percent Pliolite VTL (vinyltoluene-butadiene copolymer) and 23 percent Neo Spectra carbon-black at a temperature above the melting point of the resinous carrier, blending on a rubber mill for 15 minutes and then grinding in a Mikro-atomizer.
  • Commercially available powders such as XEROX 914 Toner give substantially similar results although tending towards slightly lower R, values.
  • the developing powders useful in this invention contain particles having a diameter or dimension along at least one axis from 0.3 to 40 microns, preferably from 0.5 to 10 microns with powders of the order of l to 7 microns being best for light-sensitive layers of 0.4 to 10 microns. Maximum particle size is dependent on the thickness of light-sensitive layer while minimum particle size is independent of layer thickness. Electron microscope studies have shown that developing powders having a diameter 25 times the thickness of the light-sensitive layer cannot be permanently embedded in light-sensitive layers and, generally speaking, best results are obtained where the diameter of the powder particle is less than about l0 times the thickness of the light-sensitive layer.
  • the concentration of particles under 0.3 micron and the size of the developing powder is more critical when using a colored powder such as cyan, magenta or yellow.
  • the developing powder should have substantially all particles (at least 95 percent by weight) over 1 micron in diameter along one axis and preferably from i to 7 microns for use with light-sensitive layers of from 0.4 to 10 microns. in this way, powder embedment in image areas is maximum and relatively little powder is embedded into nonimage areas. Accordingly, rice starch granules, which are 5 to 6 microns, are particularly useful as carriers for dyes of different hues.
  • the developing powder is applied directly to the light-sensitive layer, while the powderreceptive areas of said layer are in at most only a slightly soft deform able condition and said layer is at a temperature below the melting point of the layer and powder.
  • the powder is distributed over the area to be developed and physically embedded into the stratum at the surface of the light-sensitive layer, preferably mechanically by force having a lateral component, such as to-and-fro and/or circular rubbing or scrubbingaction using a soft pad, fine brush or even an inflated balloon. If desired, the powder may be applied separately or contained in the pad or brush.
  • the quantity of powder is not critical provided there is an excess available beyond that required for full development of the area, as the development seems to depend primarily on particle-to-particle interaction rather than brush-to-surface or pad-to-surface forces to embed a layer of powder particles substantially one-particlethick (monparticle layer) into a stratum at the surface of the light-sensitive layer.
  • spherical powder particles under about 10 microns in diameter enter the powder-receptive areas first and stop dead, embedded substantially as a monolayer. The larger particles seem to travel over the embedded smaller particles which do not rotate or move as a pad or brush is moved back and forth over the developed area.
  • the minimum amount of powder of the preferred type required to develop an area to its maximum density is about 0.01 gram per square inch of light-sensitive surface. Ten to or more times this minimum range can be used with substantially the same results, a useful range being about 0.02 to 0.2 gram per square inch.
  • the pad or brush used for development is critical only to the extent that it should not be so stiff as to scratch or scar the film surface when used with moderate pressure with the preferred amount of powder to develop the film.
  • Ordinary absorbent cotton loosely compressed into a pad about the size of a baseball and weighing about 3 to 6 grams is especially suitable.
  • the developing motion and force applied to the pad during development is not critical. A force as low as a few grams ap plied to the pad when using the preferred amount of powder will develop an area of the film to essentially maximum density, although a suitable material could withstand a developing force of 300 gramswith'substantially the same density resulting in both instances. A force of 10 to grams is preferred to assure uniformity of results.
  • Hand swabbing is entirely satisfactory, and when performed under the conditions described above, will reproducibly produce the maximum density which the material is capable of achieving. That is, the maximum concentration of particles per unit area will be deposited under the prescribed conditions, dependent upon physical properties of the material such as softness, resiliency, plasticity, and cohesivity. Substantially the same results can be achieved using a mechanical device for the powder application. A rotating, or rotating and oscillating, cylindrical brush or pad may be used to provide the described brushing action and will produce a substantially similar end result.
  • excess powder remains on the surface which has not been sufficiently embedded into, or attached to, the film. This may be removed in any convenient way, as by wiping with a clean pad or brush usually using somewhat more force than employed in mechanical development, by vacuuming, by vibrating, or by air doctoring.
  • the excess powder usually is blown off using an air gun having an air line pressure of about 20 to 40 psi.
  • the gun is preferably held at an angle of about 30 to 60 to the surface at a distance of l to 12 inches (3 to 8 preferred).
  • the pressure at which the air impinges on the surface is about 0.1 to 3, and preferably about 0.25 to 2, p.p.s.i.
  • the transparencies used in this example included (1 a 133- line-per-inch halftone transparency containing boxes A to H and J to M, whose light transmission varies from 9.7 percent to 85.1 percent, located across the top of the light-sensitive element, (2) an -line-per-inch positive halftone transparency of a young girl positioned to the left under the l33-line-perinch halftone transparency, (3) a Stouffer No.
  • the black iron oxide was embedded almost solely into the unexposed areas.
  • the light-irradiated background areas had a light-gray cast, it was possible to distinguish the individual dots in each of boxes A to H and J to M of the l33-line-per-inch halftone. Seven steps on the Stouffer chart were distinguishable with the naked eye.
  • the continuous-tone image of the woman did not develop properly since the length of exposure was insufficient to harden the light-exposed areas sufficiently to resist embedment of particles of this small size. If exposed for a longer length of time a continuous-tone reproduction is formed.
  • EXAMPLE Ill Five grams of the ethanol-insoluble fraction of soybean lecithin, 1.5 grams benzil and 0.05 grams 4-methyl-7- dimethylaminocoumarin, dissolved in ml. C C1. was flow coated over Lustercoat paper and air dried to form a Li micron light-sensitive layer.
  • the light-sensitive element was used to copy a translucent engineering drawing by passing the light-sensitive element through a Bruning copyflex Model 250 at No. 10 setting equipped with a mercury lamp rated at I00 watts per inch. At this speed setting which is normally used for medium speed diazos, the exposure time was about 5 to 6 seconds.
  • An excellent black and white copy was formed embedding the Pliolite VTL-Neo Spectra carbon-black toner described in example I in the manner described in example I.
  • EXAMPLE V Five grams of the ethanol-insoluble fraction of soybean lecithin and 0.2 grams benzil, dissolved in l00 ml. carbon tetrachloride was flow coated over Lustercoat paper and air dried.
  • the light-sensitive element was used to reproduce a continuous-tone image from a continuous-tone transparency by passing the light-sensitive element through the Bruning Copyflex copier described in example III at No. 3 speed setting. At this speed setting, which is normally used for slowspeed diazos, the exposure time was about 25 seconds.
  • An excellent continuous-tone black and white reproduction was formed by embedding the Pliolite VTL-Neo Spectra carbonblack toner described in example I in the manner described in example 1.
  • a coating on 3-mil Mylar was exposed to ultraviolet light through a metal stencil mask held out of contact from the coating for a prolonged period and heated on a hotplate at 120 C. resulting in liquefaction of the unexposed areas.
  • Five micron aluminum powder platelets having a diameter along one axis of from 0.8 to 15 microns was dusted over the surface and the specimen was allowed to cool. The aluminum powder was wiped off the light-irradiated areas leaving a heavy multilayer deposit of particles frozen into the unexposed areas.
  • the polymerizable layer was not as thick as described in example I of the patent, the unexposed material became quite fluid at the dusting-on temperature, and a heavy multilayer deposit of aluminum platelets was obtained.
  • EXAMPLE XIX A coating solution was prepared according to example I of US. Pat. No. 3,060,024 using polyethylene terephthalate/sebacate (prepared from 0.12 mole dimethyl terephthalate and 0.06 mole dimethyl sebacate), 1.5 grams benzil, and 0.0l gram 4-methyl-7-dimethylarninocoumarin was flowcoated on grained aluminum and air dried. Two sections of the coated aluminum sheet were similarlyexposed for 15 minutes to sunlamp through the same continuous-tone positive transparency. One light exposed section was placed on a hotplate set at C., titanium dioxide was sprinkled over the entire surface, cooled to room temperature, and excess titanium dioxide removed.
  • EXAMPLE XXII Five grams poly(n-butylmethacrylate) and Sgrams benzoin, dissolved in 690 ml. methylethyl ketone was flow coated on gelatin-coated paper, exposed to light through a metal mask for 20 seconds and developed in the manner described in example I using XEROX 9I4 Toner to form a negative image.
  • the Alphazurine 2G-Pliolite VTL toner was prepared by milling 200 grams of micronized Pliolite VTL and 25 grams Alphazurine 26 on a ball mill with porcelain balls for 64 hours.
  • EXAMPLE XXXlV This example illustrates the use of Pliolite VTL as the sole film-forming component of a light-sensitive element of this invention.
  • the light-sensitive element was exposed to light through a halftone transparency and developed with the toner of example 1 in the manner described therein, forming a halftone image.
  • exposing to actinic radiation in image-receiving manner a solid, negative-acting, light-sensitive organic layer having a thickness of from 0.1 to 40 microns, said layer being capable of developing a R of 0.2 to 2.2;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US796847A 1969-02-05 1969-02-05 Solid deformation imaging Expired - Lifetime US3637385A (en)

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JP (1) JPS4910699B1 (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE738204A (en, 2012)
BR (1) BR6911982D0 (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA932200A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1944311C3 (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES371051A1 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR2030300A1 (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1296709A (en, 2012)
IL (1) IL32856A0 (en, 2012)
LU (1) LU59383A1 (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL168954C (en, 2012)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3718466A (en) * 1971-07-12 1973-02-27 Staley Mfg Co A E Magnetic development
US3928039A (en) * 1970-03-13 1975-12-23 Ciba Geigy Ag Method for modifying vesicular images
US4234626A (en) * 1978-02-01 1980-11-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Producing printed circuits by conjoining metal powder images
EP0022188A3 (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-01-28 Eastman Kodak Company Co-initiator compositions for photopolymerization containing 3-keto-substituted coumarins, photopolymerizable composition and photographic element
US4292394A (en) * 1978-11-13 1981-09-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing multicolor toned images on a single photosensitive layer
US4303698A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-12-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Use of prolonged tack toners for the preparation of electric circuits
US4304843A (en) * 1978-11-22 1981-12-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Dry toner with improved toning uniformity
US4355055A (en) * 1980-02-25 1982-10-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Use of prolonged tack toners for the preparation of multilayer electric circuits
US4411980A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-10-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the preparation of flexible circuits
US4460427A (en) * 1981-09-21 1984-07-17 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Process for the preparation of flexible circuits
US4894314A (en) * 1986-11-12 1990-01-16 Morton Thiokol, Inc. Photoinitiator composition containing bis ketocoumarin dialkylamino benzoate, camphorquinone and/or a triphenylimidazolyl dimer
US5204210A (en) * 1990-12-07 1993-04-20 Xerox Corporation Method for the direct patterning of diamond films
US5296259A (en) * 1989-04-21 1994-03-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making electrically conductive patterns
US5389301A (en) * 1992-03-23 1995-02-14 Fenzi S.P.A. Vernici Ed Accessori Vetrari Formulation to protect from the corrosion metal-coating mirrors and similar and procedure for the production thereof
US5599482A (en) * 1991-12-24 1997-02-04 Fenzi S.P.A. Vernici Ed Accessori Vetrari Anti-corrosive formulation for metal-coating of mirrors and similar and procedure for the production thereof
US20030215746A1 (en) * 2000-09-20 2003-11-20 Noboru Kohiyama Carboxyl group-containing photosensitive resin, alkali-developable, photocurable and thermosetting composition containing the same, and cured products thereof
US20050178501A1 (en) * 1996-12-26 2005-08-18 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Process for producing a multi-layer printer wiring board

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676145A (en) * 1970-09-21 1972-07-11 Staley Mfg Co A E Predetermined chemical reactions in photographic imagewise configuration
US3676146A (en) * 1970-09-21 1972-07-11 Staley Mfg Co A E Controlling predetermined chemical reactions in photographic image-wise configuration
US4215193A (en) * 1978-11-22 1980-07-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Dry toner process with improved toning uniformity for color developing an imaged tacky and nontacky surface

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445948A (en) * 1944-12-04 1948-07-27 Gen Mills Inc Hydroxyphosphatides
US3178283A (en) * 1961-05-04 1965-04-13 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Production of photographic polymeric images by heat development

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445948A (en) * 1944-12-04 1948-07-27 Gen Mills Inc Hydroxyphosphatides
US3178283A (en) * 1961-05-04 1965-04-13 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Production of photographic polymeric images by heat development

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3928039A (en) * 1970-03-13 1975-12-23 Ciba Geigy Ag Method for modifying vesicular images
US3718466A (en) * 1971-07-12 1973-02-27 Staley Mfg Co A E Magnetic development
US4234626A (en) * 1978-02-01 1980-11-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Producing printed circuits by conjoining metal powder images
US4292394A (en) * 1978-11-13 1981-09-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing multicolor toned images on a single photosensitive layer
US4304843A (en) * 1978-11-22 1981-12-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Dry toner with improved toning uniformity
EP0022188A3 (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-01-28 Eastman Kodak Company Co-initiator compositions for photopolymerization containing 3-keto-substituted coumarins, photopolymerizable composition and photographic element
US4303698A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-12-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Use of prolonged tack toners for the preparation of electric circuits
US4355055A (en) * 1980-02-25 1982-10-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Use of prolonged tack toners for the preparation of multilayer electric circuits
US4411980A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-10-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the preparation of flexible circuits
US4460427A (en) * 1981-09-21 1984-07-17 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Process for the preparation of flexible circuits
US4894314A (en) * 1986-11-12 1990-01-16 Morton Thiokol, Inc. Photoinitiator composition containing bis ketocoumarin dialkylamino benzoate, camphorquinone and/or a triphenylimidazolyl dimer
US5296259A (en) * 1989-04-21 1994-03-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making electrically conductive patterns
US5204210A (en) * 1990-12-07 1993-04-20 Xerox Corporation Method for the direct patterning of diamond films
US5599482A (en) * 1991-12-24 1997-02-04 Fenzi S.P.A. Vernici Ed Accessori Vetrari Anti-corrosive formulation for metal-coating of mirrors and similar and procedure for the production thereof
US5389301A (en) * 1992-03-23 1995-02-14 Fenzi S.P.A. Vernici Ed Accessori Vetrari Formulation to protect from the corrosion metal-coating mirrors and similar and procedure for the production thereof
US20050178501A1 (en) * 1996-12-26 2005-08-18 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Process for producing a multi-layer printer wiring board
US20030215746A1 (en) * 2000-09-20 2003-11-20 Noboru Kohiyama Carboxyl group-containing photosensitive resin, alkali-developable, photocurable and thermosetting composition containing the same, and cured products thereof
US6893784B2 (en) * 2000-09-20 2005-05-17 Taiyo Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Carboxyl group-containing photosensitive resin, alkali-developable, photocurable and thermosetting composition containing the same, and cured products thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1944311A1 (de) 1970-09-10
BE738204A (en, 2012) 1970-03-02
IL32856A0 (en) 1969-11-12
JPS4910699B1 (en, 2012) 1974-03-12
CA932200A (en) 1973-08-21
ES371051A1 (es) 1972-05-01
GB1296709A (en, 2012) 1972-11-15
DE1944311B2 (de) 1975-03-06
FR2030300A1 (en, 2012) 1970-11-13
NL168954C (nl) 1982-05-17
NL6913291A (en, 2012) 1970-08-07
LU59383A1 (en, 2012) 1970-01-09
DE1944311C3 (de) 1975-12-11
NL168954B (nl) 1981-12-16
BR6911982D0 (pt) 1973-01-18

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Owner name: STALEY CONTINENTAL, INC., ROLLING MEADOWS, ILLINOI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. EFFECTIVE DEC. 30, 1987.;ASSIGNOR:A.E. STALEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004935/0533

Effective date: 19871229