US3637115A - Apparatus utilizing sonic vibrations to facilitate the movement of particulate material along a sloping surface - Google Patents

Apparatus utilizing sonic vibrations to facilitate the movement of particulate material along a sloping surface Download PDF

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Publication number
US3637115A
US3637115A US7623A US3637115DA US3637115A US 3637115 A US3637115 A US 3637115A US 7623 A US7623 A US 7623A US 3637115D A US3637115D A US 3637115DA US 3637115 A US3637115 A US 3637115A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
sloping
cap
permeable member
lower cap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US7623A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bengt L Holm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kockums Mekaniska Verkstads AB
Original Assignee
Kockums Mekaniska Verkstads AB
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Filing date
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Application filed by Kockums Mekaniska Verkstads AB filed Critical Kockums Mekaniska Verkstads AB
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Publication of US3637115A publication Critical patent/US3637115A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B65D88/66—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using vibrating or knocking devices
    • B65D88/665—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using vibrating or knocking devices using a resonator, e.g. supersonic generator

Definitions

  • a sound transmitter carried by the lower member opens into a chamber formed by the two members and is directed towards the gas-permeable upper member.
  • the bottom provides together with the elements thus supported thereby a vibrationable unit and forms a fixedly mounted diaphragm thereof in order to vibrate when material supported by the bottom is activated. by sound oscillations produced by the sound transmitter.
  • a known method of preventing such difficulties is to impart vibrations to the bottom or to a part thereof. For that purpose it is possible to provide sufficient amplitudes for instance by striking the bottom with a hammer or by using continuously operating mechanical vibrators.
  • Another method is to blow air or another gas into the materials, generally from beneath, so that they are loosened and consequently more easily movable (fluidized). The latter method is efficient in particular when it is important to keep the materials easily movable within relatively limited zones, for instance around the outlet opening in transport containers. For bigger containers of the silo type there would be required considerable quantities of air or other gases in order to provide sufiicient mobility along the large surfaces of which the sloping bottom portions consist.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for initiating and facilitating the sliding of materials along an essentially plane sloping bottom or one or more essentially plane portions of a bottom, said apparatus combining a relatively simple construction and the property of bringing about an efficient loosening or fluidizing effect on the material carried by the bottom, over a large surface without considerable consumption of air.
  • an apparatus utilizing on one hand the loosening or fluidizing efiect of a gas pressed into the materials, preferably air, which is vibrated at sound frequency by means of a sound transmitter, and on the other hand the reaction of the pressure variations generated thereby when the gas flow thus vibrating is pressed into the materials through the gas permeable bottom portion, which must of course be so strong and of such a construction that it will withstand the high-static pressure generated by the materials located on top of the bottom.
  • the vibrations which appear as pressure variations, are attenuated during the flowing of the gas through the material and are transformed into kinetic energy in the various material particles, which are thus more easily separated from each other as well as from the surrounding walls.
  • an apparatus for initiating and facilitating the sliding of materials along an essentially plane sloping bottom wherein there is a cap rigidly fixed to the underside of the bottom and carried thereby, said cap being disposed over an opening provided in the bottom spaced from the defining margins thereof, said opening being covered on the top of the bottom by a gas permeable bottom member which together with the cap defines a chamber into which there opens a sound transmitter carried by the cap and directed towards the gas permeable bottom member, said transmitter being intended to activate the materials on the bottom by loosening them and activating said materials by means of sound oscillations from the sound transmitter, and wherein said cap provides together with the bottom a vibrationable unit, said bottom forming a fixedly mounted diaphragm.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional viewof a container of materials having a sloping bottom and embodying the apparatus according to the invention, the members covering the opening in the bottom, the permeable bottom portion, and the cap with the sound transmitter being shown in side view; and
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the bottom portion of the container.
  • the container shown in the drawings comprises sidewalls l0 and an essentially plane sloping bottom (or bottom portion) 11 as well as a discharge opening -12 located below and is presupposed to be filled with a pulverulent, granular or viscous material which is indicated at 13.
  • the bottom (the sloping conveying plate) 111 which slopes towards the discharge opening 12 there is provided a circular opening which is covered on the underside of the bottom with a frustoconical outer cap 14 disposed as an outer lid or cover over the opening, and on the top of the bottom with a bottom member made as a gas-permeable frustoconical inner cap 15, said caps defining a space between them and being fixed to the bottom by means of clamping rings 16 and 17 having the same diameter and being clamped opposite each other at opposite sides of the bottom lll concentrically with the opening by means of a screw and bolt connection 18, so that the caps together with the bottom form a mechanically stable homogeneous construction.
  • a pipe stub 19 is fixed with one of its ends, and the interior of said pipe stub is in communication with the space defined by the caps 14 and 15 through the end of the pipe stub connected with the outer cap, while the other end of the pipe stub is closed by means of an end plate 20 carrying a sound transmitter of the pneumatic siren type having a diaphragm valve housing 21 located on the outside of the end plate 20 and a resonator horn 22 located inside the pipe stub l9, said horn having its opening directed towards the end of the pipe stub 19 which is connected with the outer cap 17.
  • a line 23 for supplying gas under pressure (generally compressed air) which is used for operating the sound transmitter.
  • the inner cap consists of a number of bars (not shown) which are fixed to the clamping ring T7 and a ring 24 concentrical therewith and being of minor diameter and extending along the generatrix between these two rings, and a gas-permeable cloth 25, for instance or Perlon, covering and resting on the bars.
  • the bars are preferably sewn into the cloth.
  • the ring 24 is covered by a tightly sealing lid 26 which is fixed by means of screw and bolt connections 27.
  • the structure of the gas permeable inner cap 15 is of such a kind and of such dimensions that neither the cloth nor the bars are subjected to greater stresses than can be received and carried by these elements. This is made possible by relatively weak dimensions, largely thanks to the conical shape of the inner cap.
  • the inner cap may have another shape, e.g., spherical, but in that case the manufacture thereof will become more complicated.
  • the space defined by the caps 14 and TS forms an expansion volume for the vibrating gas flow which is discharged by the sound transmitter 21, 22 through the resonator born 22 when compressed air is supplied through the line 23.
  • the vibrating gas flow passing through the gas-permeable wall of the inner cap 15 formed by the cloth 25 and the supporting bars, and penetrating into the material 13 which is set in motion, as described above, within an area adjacent the inner cap.
  • the unit formed by the bottom and the sound activating device rigidly secured thereto will vibrate in time with the sound oscillations as a result of the momentaneously alternating resistance at the penetration of the gas into the boundary layer between the cloth 25 and the material 13. These vibrations are transmitted on account of the rigid connection between the sound activation device and the bottom directly to the latter, which forms a fixedly mounted diaphragm.
  • the sound wave which propagates essentially spherically from a point immediately inside the opening of the resonator horn 22, as shown in dot and dash lines 28 in FIG. 1, meets the reflecting material along a boundary surface whose shape coincides with the wave front. At a certain point of time the whole surface is then hit by a pressure wave of the same phase.
  • the inner cap 15, which determines the shape of the boundary layer by means of its gas permeable cloth 25, is frustoconical in the embodiment described here, which provides for a relatively good coincidence with the shape of the wave front in combination with a very good strength against the pressure forces acting from the interior of the container towards the inside cap.
  • a spherical cap may be used, as mentioned above, and is slightly more ideal in view of a reflection effect of almost correct phase. It is, however, considerably more complicated to manufacture. It should be mentioned in this connection that a reflection of almost correct phase is particularly important in the cases where materials in the container have become densely packed in the area adjacent the inner cap. The percussion effect arising against the material during such reflection may form cracks, which may spread also in relatively hard layers and may consequently create the sliding effect aimed at.
  • a line 29 to the space defined by the outer cap 14 and the inner cap 15 in order to supply extra pressure gas (usually compressed air) to the said space.
  • This added gas will then be discharged through the cloth 25 together with the gas vibrating at sound frequency from the sound transmitter 21, 22 and pressure oscillations will be imparted thereto by the sound waves propagating from the opening of the resonator horn 22.
  • the line 29 there may be provided a valve making it possible either to supply additional gas in the manner just described, or to connect the space defined by the outer cap and the inner cap, with the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the material 13 in the container will be affected by the percussion effect provided by the sound oscillations and the consequent vibration of the bottom 11 but gas will not be pressed into the materials, which it may be desirable to avoid in order that the materials may not create a great deal of dust.
  • the apparatus proposed according to the invention for initiating and facilitating the sliding of materials along a sloping bottom has three functions, the internal relation of which is dependent upon the constructional embodiment of the apparatus:
  • air outlets may be provided in the walls of the container at suitable distances above the activation means.
  • Apparatus for initiating and facilitating the sliding of particulate material along an essentially plane sloping surface comprising a container having a bottom outlet and a resilient sloping member adjoining said'outlet and forming said surface, said member having an opening spaced from the defining margins thereof, a lower cap rigidly fixed to the lower side of said member and carried thereby, said lower cap underlying and closing said opening, a gas-permeable member covering said opening on the upper side of said sloping member, said gas-permeable member and said lower cap defining a chamber, and a sound transmitter carried by said lower cap, said sound transmitter opening into said chamber and being directed toward said gas-permeable member to activate said material by loosening and activating the material by means of sound oscillations produced by said sound transmitter, said lower cap and said gas permeable member imparting sonic vibrations to said resilient sloping member which thereby forms a diaphragm further aiding in the movement of said particulate material.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a pipe stub extending from said lower cap and said sound transmitter and resonator horn being disposed inside said pipe stub and directed toward the chamber formed by said lower cap and said gas-permeable member.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim I further comprising a gas line connected to said chamber formed by said lower cap and said gas-permeable member for supplying gas to the chamber for discharge through said gas-permeable member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
US7623A 1969-02-03 1970-02-02 Apparatus utilizing sonic vibrations to facilitate the movement of particulate material along a sloping surface Expired - Lifetime US3637115A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1383/69A SE321894B (xx) 1969-02-03 1969-02-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3637115A true US3637115A (en) 1972-01-25

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ID=20258101

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US7623A Expired - Lifetime US3637115A (en) 1969-02-03 1970-02-02 Apparatus utilizing sonic vibrations to facilitate the movement of particulate material along a sloping surface

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3637115A (xx)
AT (1) AT305894B (xx)
BE (1) BE745392A (xx)
CA (1) CA922283A (xx)
DE (1) DE2004144A1 (xx)
DK (1) DK126925B (xx)
ES (1) ES376131A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2037060B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1288862A (xx)
SE (1) SE321894B (xx)
YU (1) YU32245B (xx)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3773221A (en) * 1971-01-07 1973-11-20 Zimmermann A Maschbau Apparatus for the fine dosaging of substances
DE2343003A1 (de) * 1972-10-02 1974-04-18 Ibm Vorrichtung zum einbringen eines elektrisch leitenden pulvers in buchsen eines elektrischen steckers
US3861753A (en) * 1971-07-17 1975-01-21 Zimmermann Maschbau Adolf Method of and apparatus for discharging pulverulent material from silos or the like
US4378078A (en) * 1981-06-26 1983-03-29 Daniels Paul J Granulated material dispenser
US4533255A (en) * 1982-07-01 1985-08-06 Eppendorf Geratebau Netheler & Hinz Gmbh Process for mixing liquid samples to be analyzed, as well as apparatus for performing this process
US4682187A (en) * 1984-11-08 1987-07-21 Martner John G Ink jet method and apparatus utilizing grandular or hot melt ink
US4794878A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-01-03 Xerox Corporation Ultrasonics traveling wave for toner transport
WO1989010872A1 (en) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-16 Ohaus Corporation High-resolution weigher/feeder for fine particulate materials
US4945957A (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-08-07 Ohaus Corporation High-resolution weigher/feeder for fine particulate materials
US5772128A (en) * 1996-05-17 1998-06-30 Csi Technology, Inc. System for acoustically detecting and/or removing jams of flowable material in a chute, and air hammer for performing the removal
US5833205A (en) * 1996-01-18 1998-11-10 Martin Engineering Company Vibrator mounting arrangement
GR1003317B (el) * 1998-10-08 2000-02-09 Ακουστικος καθαριστηρας στερεων επικαθησεων
US20040060265A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-04-01 Nektar Therapeutics Controlling the flow of a powder
US20040232293A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2004-11-25 Lindbeck Michael J. Vibrator mounting arrangement having a removable locking member
CN103407613A (zh) * 2013-07-31 2013-11-27 安徽兴隆肥业科技有限责任公司 一种用于化肥制造的包装机
US20160214751A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2016-07-28 Takazono Technology Incorporated Hopper and Medicine Supply Apparatus Including the Same
US20160244254A1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2016-08-25 Oli S.P.A. Aeration apparatus for tanks containing powdered materials or the like
CN109622368A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-16 东北大学 一种具备有效隔振功能的亚共振节能型振动筛分/输送机

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE374079B (xx) * 1973-07-02 1975-02-24 Kockums Mekaniska Verkstads Ab
GB8630549D0 (en) * 1986-12-22 1987-02-04 Lilliwyte Sa Powder filling method

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3231025A (en) * 1964-05-26 1966-01-25 Albert G Bodine Sonic soil cultivator
US3305142A (en) * 1965-05-21 1967-02-21 Ducon Co Aerating apparatus

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1537099A (fr) * 1966-07-14 1968-08-23 Kockums Mekaniska Verkstads Ab Procédé et appareil pour activer la fluidisation des matières particulaires, granulaires, ou visqueuses

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3231025A (en) * 1964-05-26 1966-01-25 Albert G Bodine Sonic soil cultivator
US3305142A (en) * 1965-05-21 1967-02-21 Ducon Co Aerating apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
E. B. Steinberg, Ultrasonics in Industry 10/65/A11 *

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3773221A (en) * 1971-01-07 1973-11-20 Zimmermann A Maschbau Apparatus for the fine dosaging of substances
US3861753A (en) * 1971-07-17 1975-01-21 Zimmermann Maschbau Adolf Method of and apparatus for discharging pulverulent material from silos or the like
DE2343003A1 (de) * 1972-10-02 1974-04-18 Ibm Vorrichtung zum einbringen eines elektrisch leitenden pulvers in buchsen eines elektrischen steckers
US4378078A (en) * 1981-06-26 1983-03-29 Daniels Paul J Granulated material dispenser
US4533255A (en) * 1982-07-01 1985-08-06 Eppendorf Geratebau Netheler & Hinz Gmbh Process for mixing liquid samples to be analyzed, as well as apparatus for performing this process
US4682187A (en) * 1984-11-08 1987-07-21 Martner John G Ink jet method and apparatus utilizing grandular or hot melt ink
US4794878A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-01-03 Xerox Corporation Ultrasonics traveling wave for toner transport
WO1989010872A1 (en) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-16 Ohaus Corporation High-resolution weigher/feeder for fine particulate materials
US4945957A (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-08-07 Ohaus Corporation High-resolution weigher/feeder for fine particulate materials
US5833205A (en) * 1996-01-18 1998-11-10 Martin Engineering Company Vibrator mounting arrangement
US5772128A (en) * 1996-05-17 1998-06-30 Csi Technology, Inc. System for acoustically detecting and/or removing jams of flowable material in a chute, and air hammer for performing the removal
GR1003317B (el) * 1998-10-08 2000-02-09 Ακουστικος καθαριστηρας στερεων επικαθησεων
US20040060265A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-04-01 Nektar Therapeutics Controlling the flow of a powder
US20040232293A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2004-11-25 Lindbeck Michael J. Vibrator mounting arrangement having a removable locking member
US20160214751A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2016-07-28 Takazono Technology Incorporated Hopper and Medicine Supply Apparatus Including the Same
US9902513B2 (en) * 2010-09-03 2018-02-27 Takazono Technology Incorporated Hopper and medicine supply apparatus including the same
CN103407613A (zh) * 2013-07-31 2013-11-27 安徽兴隆肥业科技有限责任公司 一种用于化肥制造的包装机
US20160244254A1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2016-08-25 Oli S.P.A. Aeration apparatus for tanks containing powdered materials or the like
US10011422B2 (en) * 2013-10-08 2018-07-03 Oli S.P.A. Aeration apparatus for tanks containing powdered materials or the like
CN109622368A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-16 东北大学 一种具备有效隔振功能的亚共振节能型振动筛分/输送机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU216169A (en) 1973-12-31
SE321894B (xx) 1970-03-16
AT305894B (de) 1973-03-12
DE2004144A1 (de) 1970-08-06
DK126925B (da) 1973-09-03
FR2037060B1 (xx) 1973-07-13
GB1288862A (xx) 1972-09-13
BE745392A (fr) 1970-07-16
CA922283A (en) 1973-03-06
ES376131A1 (es) 1972-03-16
FR2037060A1 (xx) 1970-12-31
YU32245B (en) 1974-06-30

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