US3632468A - High-crimp, high-strength rayon filaments and staple fibers and process for making same - Google Patents

High-crimp, high-strength rayon filaments and staple fibers and process for making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3632468A
US3632468A US719919A US3632468DA US3632468A US 3632468 A US3632468 A US 3632468A US 719919 A US719919 A US 719919A US 3632468D A US3632468D A US 3632468DA US 3632468 A US3632468 A US 3632468A
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filaments
percent
relaxed
solution
viscose
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US719919A
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English (en)
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George C Daul
Fabian P Barch
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Rayonier Inc
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Rayonier Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • D01F11/02—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, or proteins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D01F2/08—Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
    • Y10T428/2909—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2965—Cellulosic

Definitions

  • High-tenacity rayon filaments and staple fibers having an exceptionally high number of crimps per inch are produced by spinning a viscose spinning solution into a coagulating-type spin bath to obtain coagulated, incompletely regenerated viscose filaments, the coagulated viscose filaments withdrawn from the spin bath being stretched from about 120 to 280 percent in length while the filaments are still substantially soluble in dilute alkali solution, the filaments being treated with a hot acid bath while being stretched.
  • Cited tegsliortilllofftlhe filatrsnentsl is thin rggaxed about 2060tprcen;
  • the rayon filaments and staple fibers produced by the foregoing process have an average conditioned tenacity of about 6 grams per denier (g.p.d.), a wet tenacity within the range of from 3 to 5 g.p.d., and a wet modulus (wet tenacity at 5 percent elongation) of about 1 to 2 g.p.d.
  • the fibers have fewer an crimps or undulations per inch and, therefore, can be regarded as an essentially uncrimped fiber product.
  • the process for making high crimp, high tenacity rayon fiber of our invention comprises spinning a modified viscose spinning solution of the type described in the aforementioned application Ser. No. 473,321 into a coagulating-type spin bath at a temperature of 18 to 40 C. to obtain coagulated, incompletely regenerated viscose filaments.
  • the coagulated viscose filaments are withdrawn from the spin bath, and while the filaments are still substantially soluble in dilute alkali solution, the filaments are stretched from about 150 to 180 percent in length and at the same time are treated with a hot dilute acid bath to partially regenerate the filaments.
  • the tension of the filaments is then relaxed about 20 to 60 percent while the filaments are less than 50 percent regenerated, and the relaxed, partially regenerated filaments are treated with an alkaline solution having a pH of from about 7.5 to 10.
  • the alkaline solution is advantageously a dilute aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide, and the filaments are treated with this solution for a period of time and at a temperature ranging from about 2 seconds at 100 C. to about 120 seconds at about 20 C.
  • the regeneration of the filaments is completed by conventional procedures without additional stretching.
  • the completely regenerated filaments are then desulfurized and washed in the usual manner.
  • the filaments can be cut into staple fibers and these staple fibers desulfurized and finished as described.
  • the resulting filaments or staple fibers have between 30 and 150, and normally more than 40, crimps per inch in the relaxed condition, a conditioned tenacity of greater than 3 g.p.d., a wet tenacity of greater than 2 g.p.d., and a wet modulus of greater than 0.4
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowsheet of the steps of the process
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowsheet of an advantageous embodiment of the process of our invention.
  • purified chemical cellulose such as bleached sulfite and prehydrolyzed kraft wood pulps as well as cotton linters having relatively high uniform DP are converted into alkali cellulose and xanthated with 32 to 44 percent carbon bisulfide at ambient temperatures in the usual manner.
  • the viscose is modified with a mixed modifier comprising from 1.0 to 3.0 percent dimethyl amine (DMA) and from 0.5 to 2.5 percent polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the weight of the cellulose which may be added at any stage prior to spinning but preferably during mixing.
  • DMA dimethyl amine
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the salt (NaCl) index of the spinning solution should be between about 7 and 12 (preferably between 9 and l l) and the gamma number between about 40 and (preferably between 50 and 80) when spun with ripening selected to attain this level.
  • the salt index and gamma number depend upon the amount of carbon bisulfide used in xanthation, the temperature of the reaction and the amount of ripening used.
  • the viscosity of the spinning solution is not particularly critical and can range between about 20 to 150 ball fall seconds (bfs). This is an advantageous viscosity level since most processes for spinning high tenacity filaments require high viscosities (up to about 400 bfs) to produce satisfactory high tenacity fiber. High viscosity makes accurate denier control difi'icult and interferes with mixing, deaeration, filtration, pumping and spinning processes.
  • the modified viscose solution is spun at 18 to about 40 C. (preferably 20 to 25 C.) through a spinnerette 10 into a coagulating-type spin bath 11 advantageously containing 0.2 to 2.0 percent by weight formaldehyde, l to 6 percent by weight zinc sulfate, 3 to 9 percent by weight sulfuric acid and from 7 to 18 percent by weight sodium sulfate.
  • the spin bath 11 may also contain from 0.01 to 0.1 percent by weight of a surface active agent or lubricant such as lauryl pyridinium chloride (lpc) and the like.
  • Travel of the filaments 12 through this bath should be limited to that required to develop sufiicient strength for stretching in order to avoid any unnecessary regeneration. While the distance from spinnerette 10 to emergence of the filaments 12 from the bath II can vary from about 4 to 48 inches or more, depending upon spinning speed, spin bath temperature, composition of the viscose, etc., less than 25 inches will usually be sufficient. We have found, for example, that l2 to l5 inches immersion is optimum for spinning speeds of 25 to 30 meters per minute at windup.
  • the filaments 12 as a group or tow and while they are still completely soluble in dilute alkali, are stretched from about 150 to 280 percent.
  • the tow withdrawn from the bath is passed around a driven godet l3 and then several times around one or more godets 14 driven at a sufficiently greater speed to provide the desired continuous stretching.
  • the stretched, coagulated filaments (or tow) 12 are partially regenerated by treating the filaments with a hot dilute acid bath, preferably by passing the filaments through an aqueous solution 15 containing about 0.5 to 5, and preferably about 3, percent by weight H 50, and maintained at a temperature of from about 60 to C., and preferably about 80 C.
  • the incompletely regenerated filaments are relaxed and, while relaxed and less than 50 percent regenerated, are treated with a dilute alkaline solution at a pH of from about 7.5 to 10.
  • the filaments or tow 12 are advantageously washed at godet or reel 14 by means of the spray heads (or equivalent device) 16.
  • the washed filaments are treated with a dilute alkaline solution at reel 17 by means of the spray heads 18, the filaments being less than 50 percent regenerated (that is, at least 50 percent of the coagulated material being soluble in dilute caustic soda) and the alkaline solution having a pH of from about 7.5 and 10.
  • the treated filaments 12 are allowed to relax from about 20 to 60 percent between the reels 17 and 19 by reducing the speed of the reel 19 relative to the speed of reels l4 and 17.
  • a highly crimped filament or staple fiber product is obtained.
  • the pH of the alkaline solution is between about 7.5 and 10, and it advantageously comprises a dilute aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate or a very weak solution of sodium hydroxide.
  • the relationship between the time and temperature of the alkaline treatment is important, the usual range being from about 2 seconds at about 100 C. to about 120 seconds at ambient temperature (about 20 to 30 C.).
  • the frequency and amplitude of the crimp produced can be controlled by controlling the amount of stretch, the pH and the temperature of the alkaline treatment solution, and the amount of relaxation allowed.
  • the highly crimped filaments are completely regenerated, desulfurized, washed, finished and dried by conventional techniques.
  • the highly crimped filaments are treated at reel 19 with an acid regenerating solution (for example, a hot dilute solution of sulfuric acid) and then with wash water by means of the spray heads 20, are treated at reel 21 with a desulfurizing solution (for example, a hot dilute solution of sodium sulfide) and then with wash water by means of the spray heads 22, and are treated at reel 23 with an acid solution (for example, cool dilute sulphuric acid) and then with wash water by means of the spray heads 24.
  • the regenerated, desulfurized filaments are then treated with a finishing solution 25, dried at drying reel 26 and collected on bobbin 27.
  • the crimped filaments after regeneration, an be cut into staple fibers and these staple fibers can then be desulfurized, washed, finished and dried'in the usual manner.
  • the crimped, unfinished filaments are treated at reel 19 with a hot acid regenerating solution, and are washed at reels 21 and 23 with hot water.
  • the washed, regenerated filaments are then cut into staple fibers about an inch and a half in length, and these staple fibers are desulfurized, neutralized, washed and finished in an entirely conventional manner.
  • the highly crimped, high strength rayon filaments and staple fibers produced by our new process have more than 30 crimps per inch, and ordinarily have from 40 to 150 crimps per inch.
  • the conditioned tenacity of the fibers is greater than 3 g.p.d., and normally is between 3 and 5 g.p.d.
  • the wet tenacity of the fibers is greater than 2 g.p.d., and the wet modulus (wet tenacity at 5 percent elongation) is greater than 0.4 g.p.d.
  • Other physical characteristics include a water retention of about 80 to 150 percent on the crimped fiber (as compared to a water retention of about 65 percent on the uncrimped fiber produced by the process of copending application Ser. No. 473,32l and the cross section of the fiber has a multiprotuberance profile.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A modified viscose spinning solution containing 6 percent cellulose and 6 percent NaOl-i was produced from alkalitreated chemical cellulose using 38 percent CS The viscose contained 2.3 percent dimethylamine and 1.7 percent polyethylene glycol (both based on weight of cellulose). Xanthate sulfur was 1.5 percent, viscosity was 40 ball fall seconds, and NaCl index was 12.
  • the coagulated viscose fiber was practically completely soluble in dilute alkali such as 1 percent NaOH.
  • the secondary acid bath contained about 3.5 percent H SO. and residues of salts carried over from the primary bath 1]. lt was maintained at 100L C., spinning speed was about 25 meters/minute and stretch between the first godet 13 and first wash reel 14 was 260 percent.
  • a sample of tow, cut and removed from the first reel 14 was still about 70 percent soluble in dilute caustic soda, showing incomplete regeneration at this point.
  • a water solution of 0.5 percent sodium bicarbonate at 50 C. was applied to the second wash reel 17 and the tow allowed to relax between wash reels 17 and 19 about 30 percent. This was accomplished by reducing the speed of wash reel 19 relative to that of 17.
  • Hot dilute acid was applied to wash reel 19, and hot water was applied to wash reel 21 and 23.
  • the tow was collected wet, cut into staple fiber lengths of about 1 9/l6-inch, desulfurized, neutralized, washed and finished in the usual manner with a staple fiber finish. After drying and conditioning, single filament tests were run under standard procedures.
  • a comparison of the properties of the two crimped fibers set forth in columns B and C of table I shows the superiority of the tenacity, modulus and number of crimps of the rayon fibers of the invention over ordinary, commercial crimped rayon fibers.
  • Hot, dilute H 80 (1%) was applied to the first half of wash reel 19, and hot water (85 C.) to the second half.
  • the tow was passed through a finished solution 25, dried on the drying reel 26 and collected on bobbins 27.
  • Process for making high crimp, high tenacity rayon fibers having more than about 30 crimps per inch (relaxed) and also having high wet modulus and low to moderate elongation which comprises:
  • a modified viscose spinning solution having a salt (Na Cl) index of between 7 and 13 and a gamma number of between 40 and 90, at a temperature of 18 to 40 C. into a coagulating-type spin bath containing from 0.2 to 2.0 percent by weight formaldehyde, from 1 to 6 percent by weight zinc sulfate, from 3 to 9 percent by weight sulfuric acid and from 7 to 18 percent by weight sodium sulfate, to obtain coagulated, incompletely regenerated viscose filaments,
  • alkaline solution is selected from the group consisting of solutions of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide.
  • Process for making high crimp, high tenacity rayon fiber having between about 30150 crimps per inch (relaxed) and also having high wet modulus and low to moderate elongation which comprises:
  • a viscose spinning solution having a ball fall viscosity of between 20 and 150 seconds, a salt (NaCl) index of between 7 and 13, and a gamma number of between 40 and 90, and being modified by a mixture of from 1 to 3 percent by weight dimethylamine and from 0.5 to 2.5 percent b weight polyethylene glycol, spinning the modifie viscose spinning solution at a temperature of 18 to 40 C.
  • a coagulating-type spin bath containing from 0.2 to 2 percent by weight formaldehyde, from 1 to 6 percent by weight zinc sulfate, from 3 to 9 percent by weight sulfuric acid and from 7 to 18 percent by weight sodium sulfate, withdrawing the coagulated viscose filaments from the spin bath and, while the filaments are still substantially soluble in dilute alkali solution, stretching the filaments from about 120 to 280 percent and, while the filaments are being stretched, treating the filaments with a hot dilute acid bath, immediately thereafter, while the filaments are less than 50 percent regenerated, relaxing the tension on the filaments about 20 to 60 percent and treating the thus relaxed filaments with an alkaline solution having a pH of from about 7.5 to 19, and
  • the viscose spinning solution is prepared from cellulose xanthate having a degree of polymerization of from about 450 to 800 and a balanced ratio of cellulose and sodium hydroxide of from about 4 to 9 percent.
  • the alkaline solution is selected from the group consisting of solutions of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide.
  • the relaxed filaments are treated with the alkaline solution for a period of time and at a temperature ranging from about 2 seconds at about C. to about seconds at about 20 C.
  • High crimp, high tenacity rayon fibers having more than about 30 crimps per inch (relaxed) and also having high wet modulus and low to moderate elongation produced by the process which comprises:
  • the high crimp rayon fibers according to claim 8 in which the alkaline solution is selected from the group consisting of solutions of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodi um hydroxide.
  • the high crimp rayon fibers according to claim 8 in which the relaxed filaments are treated with the alkaline solution for a period of time and at a temperature ranging from about 2 seconds at about 100 C. to about 120 seconds at about 20 C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US719919A 1968-04-09 1968-04-09 High-crimp, high-strength rayon filaments and staple fibers and process for making same Expired - Lifetime US3632468A (en)

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US (1) US3632468A (de)
JP (1) JPS5138810B1 (de)
AT (1) AT317409B (de)
BE (1) BE731158A (de)
CH (1) CH486571A (de)
DE (1) DE1917523A1 (de)
ES (1) ES365749A1 (de)
FI (1) FI56862C (de)
FR (1) FR2005886A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1258773A (de)
NL (1) NL6905435A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3720743A (en) * 1970-10-20 1973-03-13 Itt Process for producing high performance crimped rayon staple fiber
US3793136A (en) * 1968-04-09 1974-02-19 Rayonier Inc High crimp, high strength rayon filaments and staple fibers
US4182735A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-01-08 International Paper Company Production of high crimp, high strength, hollow rayon fibers
US4242411A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-12-30 International Paper Company High crimp, high strength, hollow rayon fibers

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1129652B (it) * 1980-01-09 1986-06-11 Snia Viscosa Procedimento perfezionato per la filatura in continuo di rayon viscosa
FR2508500A1 (fr) * 1981-06-30 1982-12-31 Ivanova Ljudmila Procede de fabrication de fil texture d'hydrate de cellulose, dispositif pour la formation d'une bobine de filature constituee par ledit fil, et fil texture obtenu par ledit procede
DE102013002833B4 (de) * 2013-02-19 2017-03-23 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Verfahren zur Herstellung von Celluloseregeneratfasern und Verwendung der nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Celluloseregeneratfasern
JP6115777B2 (ja) * 2013-08-22 2017-04-19 三菱レイヨン株式会社 アセテート混紡績糸の製造方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US26613A (en) * 1859-12-27 Auger
US3340340A (en) * 1962-12-11 1967-09-05 Courtaulds Ltd Manufacture of crimped viscose rayon fibres
US3388117A (en) * 1963-03-28 1968-06-11 Courtaulds North America Inc Filaments of regenerated cellulose
US3419652A (en) * 1963-09-10 1968-12-31 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Process for producing highly crimped fibers
US3494996A (en) * 1965-07-20 1970-02-10 Itt Rayonier Inc Method for producing high tenacity rayon
US3574812A (en) * 1966-09-22 1971-04-13 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Process for producing polynosic fibers
US3574813A (en) * 1969-02-24 1971-04-13 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Process for producing polynosic fibers

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1376425A (fr) * 1962-12-11 1964-10-23 Courtaulds Ltd Perfectionnements à la fabrication de fibres frisées de rayonne viscose
FR1391537A (fr) * 1963-04-30 1965-03-05 Courtaulds Ltd Perfectionnements apportés à la fabrication des filaments de rayonne viscose
FR1410501A (fr) * 1963-09-10 1965-09-10 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Fibres de viscose fortement crêpées et leur procédé de production
BE676551A (de) * 1965-07-20 1966-08-16

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US26613A (en) * 1859-12-27 Auger
US3340340A (en) * 1962-12-11 1967-09-05 Courtaulds Ltd Manufacture of crimped viscose rayon fibres
US3388117A (en) * 1963-03-28 1968-06-11 Courtaulds North America Inc Filaments of regenerated cellulose
US3419652A (en) * 1963-09-10 1968-12-31 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Process for producing highly crimped fibers
US3494996A (en) * 1965-07-20 1970-02-10 Itt Rayonier Inc Method for producing high tenacity rayon
US3574812A (en) * 1966-09-22 1971-04-13 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Process for producing polynosic fibers
US3574813A (en) * 1969-02-24 1971-04-13 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Process for producing polynosic fibers

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3793136A (en) * 1968-04-09 1974-02-19 Rayonier Inc High crimp, high strength rayon filaments and staple fibers
US3720743A (en) * 1970-10-20 1973-03-13 Itt Process for producing high performance crimped rayon staple fiber
US4182735A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-01-08 International Paper Company Production of high crimp, high strength, hollow rayon fibers
US4242411A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-12-30 International Paper Company High crimp, high strength, hollow rayon fibers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2005886A1 (de) 1969-12-19
FI56862B (fi) 1979-12-31
NL6905435A (de) 1969-10-13
CH486571A (fr) 1970-02-28
DE1917523A1 (de) 1969-10-30
ES365749A1 (es) 1971-03-16
FI56862C (fi) 1980-04-10
GB1258773A (de) 1971-12-30
JPS5138810B1 (de) 1976-10-23
BE731158A (de) 1969-10-08
AT317409B (de) 1974-08-26

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