US3632351A - Method for treating with tannin oleaginous and proteinic material of vegetable origin, and products obtained by said method - Google Patents

Method for treating with tannin oleaginous and proteinic material of vegetable origin, and products obtained by said method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3632351A
US3632351A US711885A US3632351DA US3632351A US 3632351 A US3632351 A US 3632351A US 711885 A US711885 A US 711885A US 3632351D A US3632351D A US 3632351DA US 3632351 A US3632351 A US 3632351A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tannin
oil
substance
vegetable
proteinic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US711885A
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English (en)
Inventor
Zelmen Zelter
Jean Delort-Laval
Jean Lassonnery
Jacques Rodeaud
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Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA
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Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02—Pretreatment
    • C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vegetable, oleaginous, proteinic substances and, more particularly, to the industrial fields concerned with oils, vegetable fats, oil cakes and other products abstracted from fruit, seeds, and other oleaginous, proteinic vegetable substances.
  • the invention has for its object a method for improving the raw materials and products of the industrial treatment of oleaginous and proteinic vegetable substances, said method comprising the steps of treating said substances with at least one tannin-containing substance, and then separating the oily and greasy substances contained in the treated vegetable substances.
  • the tannin-containing substances may be mixed with the vegetable substances and the resulting mixture submitted to mechanical pressure and friction stresses in the presence of water, at a temperature higher than the normal ambient temperature.
  • the treatment according to the invention may be carried out by using a solid powderous tannin-containing substance, or a concentrated solution of a tannin-containing substance, and particularly by using natural or synthetic tannin-containing extracts; tannin-containing raw vegetable substances may also be used.
  • the novel treatment may advantageously be carried out at a temperature higher than 50 C., the moisture contents of the mixture constituted by the vegetable and the tannin-containing substances being comprised between and percent.
  • amounts of about 3 to percent of the tanning extract may be used.
  • the tannin-containing substance may be added to oleaginous substances during the oil-making operations, particularly prior to the calendering or pressing operations.
  • the method according to the invention allows for producing improved vegetable oils and fats, and oil-free vegetable cakes having a higher nutritive value due to the protection of the proteinic substances against bacterial deamination in the rumen.
  • the invention has also for its object the oils, fats, cakes, and other products extracted from oleaginous proteinic substances by means of the method hereinabove, as well as fruit, seeds, and other vegetable oleaginous proteinic substances treated with a tannin-containing substance, in accordance with the above-mentioned method.
  • oil cakes are treated with tannincontaining substances with a view to improving their nutritive properties by rendering the proteins insoluble and forming with the latter complex substances which are inaccessible to the bacterial deaminases, but which can be dissociated by the proteolytic enzymes of the digestive tract.
  • Such tannin treatment of the oil cakes involves no danger for the animal but considerably improves the nutritive properties of the cake, especially where ruminants are concerned, as the latter are particularly subject to bacterial deamination in the rumen.
  • the tannin-containing substance may be constituted by a raw tanning extract, or by a tanning extract in the form of a powder, a paste, a suspension, a dispersion, or a solution in any convenient solvent.
  • tannin-containing substance to be used will vary according to the amount of tannin which they contain.
  • the type of tannin-containing substance to be used will depend on the nature of the oleaginous seed to be treated and on the proneness of the proteins to be deaminated.
  • the said amounts must be sufiicient for rendering practically insoluble the proteins and prevent the partial or total conversion of the proteins into ammoniac by the action of the micro-organisms in the digestive tract of the animal.
  • the method according to the invention provides not only for improvement of the value of the proteins, but also for improvement of the conditions of its extraction and of the properties of the extracted oils and fats.
  • the tannin-containing substances may be used in the form of powders, pastes, suspensions or solutions; they may also be used in the form of raw tannin substances, provided they contain a sufficient amount of tannin for protecting the protein of the seed and other oleaginous proteinic vegetable substances without altering the nutritive properties of the resulting products such as oil cakes and oils.
  • the tannin-containing substances may be added during the conventional oil-making operations without any substantial modification of the usual manufacturing conditions, such as crushing, peeling, calendering, dressing, solvent extraction, thermal treatment (toasting), debittering.
  • the tannin-containing substance is added prior to the calendering and, where applicable, after peeling or decortication, with a view to preventing losses of tannin-containing substance.
  • the distribution of the tannin-containing substance in the oleaginous substance must be homogenous, and effective contact must be obtained between the tannin-containing substance and the proteinic substances.
  • Calendering and pressing which are conventional operations in the oil-making industry, provide for effective contact between the tannin-containing substance and the protidic substance, as the considerable mechanical action exerted during these operations involve pressure and friction.
  • the steam usually introduced during the pressing operation results in an increase in moisture and temperature, which contributes to improve the contact between the various constituents of the mixture, and increases the reactivity and affinity between the tannin and the protein.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A bulk quantity of peanut grains is decorticated and divided into 2 parts. The first part which serves as reference material is crushed into fragments of the size of a rice grain and then treated into the conventional manner by calendering without adding any additional substance, and then solvent extraction.
  • peanut grains of the above-mentioned second part containing 95 percent of dry matter and 35 percent of protidic oilcake are crushed on serrated cylinders.
  • Eight parts of tanning extract of chestnut wood in the form of a fine powder are added in as homogenous a manner as possible. This can be effected, for instance, by uniformly sprinkling on a conveyor belt, or by mixing in a mixer. The homogenous mixture is heated to C. and its moisture contents is brought to about 10-12 percent by steam injection prior to forwarding said mixture to a flake-producing calendering and pressing station.
  • the tannin-treated material coming from the calendering and pressing station is allowed to rest for about 12 hours so as to enhance the swelling of the proteins and the fixing of the tannin on their molecules.
  • This material is then submitted to the usual operations of extraction by means of a solvent (hexane, essence B, etc.), and elimination of volatile substances.
  • a solvent hexane, essence B, etc.
  • the oil is submitted to convenient conventional treatment such as degumming, decoloration, filtration and the like.
  • EXAMPLE 2 In this modified embodiment the mixture of peanut and tanning extract is not treated by means of a flake-producing calendering and pressing device, but laminated by means of smooth cylinders, which produces chips having a diameter of 3 to 4 cm. and a thickness of about 0.1 mm. These chips are shaped into bands while steam is injected so as to heat the material to about 70 to 80 C. and to bring its moisture contents to about to 12 percent. The extraction process is then effected as indicated in example l, using the above-mentioned bands.
  • the tanning extract is added by atomization of a hot concentrated solution in a horizontal mixer.
  • the subsequent operation of mechanical treating and extraction are effected in a dehydrating atmosphere so that the oleaginous substance reaches the extracting station with a convenient moisture contents.
  • the complex proteins of the oilcake treated according to the invention are entirely liberated by the proteolytic enzymes (pepsine trypsine) of the digestive tract.
  • the quantity of total nitrogen digested in vitro by these enzymes represents 98.9 percent of the proteins of the tannin-treated oilcake, as compared to the corresponding value of 98.3 percent of the proteins of the nontreated oilcake.
  • the degradation of the cellulose of coarse fodder under the action of the micro-organisms in the rumen does not undergo any modification by the tannin treatment of the seed in accordance with the invention.
  • the cellulose of wheat straw introduced in the artificial rumen is degradated in an amount of 3 l .9 percent in the presence of tannin-treated oilcake as compared to 32.8 percent in the presence of nontreated oilcake. In the absence of any oilcake this degradation takes place only in an amount of 26.7 percent.
  • the properties of the oilcake obtained by the method according to the invention are in conformity with those of the tannin-treated oilcakes prepared by known methods, particularly by the methods described in the following publications:
  • the iron, copper, and cobalt contents of the resulting oil is lower than that of the oil obtained from seed which has not been treated with tannin; this enhances the resistance of the oil to rancidity.
  • a tanning extract in the form of a concentrated aqueous solution was added in an amount of 8 parts (by weight) of dry tanning extract for parts (by weight) of grains.
  • the test have been conducted in accordance with the conventional technique of the oil extracting industry.
  • the successive treatment phases are generally the following:
  • TEST A This is a reference test. The treatment is effected on peanut grains without addition of tannin.
  • TEST B The tannin was incorporated after the crushing of the gains prior to the baking, i.e., between phases (1 and (2); the treatment was then continued without any maturing time or other resting periods during any of the subsequent treatment phases.
  • TEST C The tannin was incorporated as in the test B, i.e., between phases (1 and (2), however, after phase (3) i.e., upon leaving the press the product was rehumidified up to a moisture contents of 12 percent, and the humidified product was allowed to rest for 1 night (maturing) and then dried (phase (4)) to a moisture contents of about 3 percent; subsequent phase (5), i.e., the oil extraction was then carried out.
  • TEST D The tannin was incorporated as in test B and C hereinabove, i.e., prior to feeding the material into the baking device (phase (2)), however, the product was rehumidified after phase (2),
  • phases (3), (4), (5) were carried out in an uninterrupted fashion.
  • phase (4) needs not to be carried out, the tanning extract solution being introduced in the oleaginous product which has just undergone the last operation of the pressing phase (3). Extraction phase (5) was then carried out.
  • test E series the pressing phase (3) was effected by two successive steps: A first pressing step and a second and final pressing step, which is a well-known technique in the oil-making industry.
  • test C the extraction was carried out successively on two batches of bags coming from the previous treatment phases.
  • the corresponding products will be designated B1 and C1, respectively.
  • Table I shows clearly a decrease of the ammoniogenesis for all the preparations where the tannin was incorporated prior to the baking operation.
  • Test E shows results less satisfactory for the industrial practice although the relative decrease with respect to the nontreated cake is still quite considerable.
  • test A The tests were conducted with cakes treated in conformity with tests B and C, the reference cake being the cake resulting from test A.
  • oil C shows the best refining coefficient. In all phases the oils which has been treated with a tanning extract gave the best results.
  • the tannin-treated oils have a lower phosphor contents and thus a lower contents of gums than that of the reference oil.
  • This property may be advantageously used in the treatment of oils having a higher contents of phosphor lipid than that of the peanut oil, such as colza oil, linseed oil, and soya oil.
  • the tannin treatment of peanut does not result in a modification of the indices of oil obtained by pressing and extraction, while the refining conditions are favorably influenced by the addition of tannin, the latter improving furthermore the conditions of conservation of the oil, all other data being equal.
  • a method of treating an oleaginous and proteinic vegetable substance including the steps of submitting said vegetable substance to mechanical pressure and friction forces in the presence of water, at a temperature higher than normal ambient temperature, and separating the oily constituents of said vegetable substance from the proteinic constituents thereof, the improvement which comprises adding a tannin-containing substance to said vegetable substance prior to said step of submitting said vegetable substance to said pressure and friction forces, and adjusting the amount of water such that it corresponds to a moisture content of about 10 to 15 percent of said vegetable substance prior to separating said oily constituents from said proteinic constituents, and separating said oily constituents from said proteinic constituents.
  • said tannin-containing substance is a tanning extract in the form of a solid powderous substance or in the form of a concentrated solution.
  • said tannin-containing substance is a tanning extract, the amount of said tanning extract added to said vegetable substance being about 3 to 8 percent of the latter.
  • said vegetable substance is constituted by a substance selected from the group consisting of peanut, sunflower, colza, cotton, soya and, linseed, and wherein about 3 to 20 percent of tanning extract are added to said vegetable substance, related to the weight of the latter.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
US711885A 1967-03-10 1968-03-11 Method for treating with tannin oleaginous and proteinic material of vegetable origin, and products obtained by said method Expired - Lifetime US3632351A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR98223A FR1523268A (fr) 1967-03-10 1967-03-10 Procédé de traitement par tannage des matières premières oléagineuses et protéiniques d'origine végétale et produits ainsi obtenus

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US3632351A true US3632351A (en) 1972-01-04

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US711885A Expired - Lifetime US3632351A (en) 1967-03-10 1968-03-11 Method for treating with tannin oleaginous and proteinic material of vegetable origin, and products obtained by said method

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US (1) US3632351A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE711923A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1692003A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1523268A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1189754A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL158841B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
OA (1) OA02759A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2554323B1 (fr) * 1983-11-04 1990-05-11 Normandie Union Cooperative Ag Produits tannes agglomeres pour l'alimentation animale et aliments les contenant
FR2563977B1 (fr) * 1984-05-09 1990-05-11 Normandie Union Coop Agricoles Procede pour l'obtention de produits tannes agglomeres pour l'alimentation animale et aliments contenant ces produits.

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2288662A (en) * 1938-07-21 1942-07-07 Fred W Weigel Cooking oleaginous material
US2354719A (en) * 1942-01-28 1944-08-01 Wilson & Co Inc Process of stabilizing fatty materials
US2533858A (en) * 1943-11-05 1950-12-12 Anderson Co V D Method of expressing oil
US2618643A (en) * 1949-05-04 1952-11-18 Anderson Co V D Method of recovering oil from castor beans or the like
FR1453261A (fr) * 1965-02-03 1966-06-03 Prod Chim Et Celluloses Rey Aliments pour animaux et son procédé de fabrication
FR1461364A (fr) * 1965-02-08 1966-12-09 Agronomique Inst Nat Rech Aliment protidique et sa fabrication
US3437488A (en) * 1966-12-01 1969-04-08 Angler Products Inc Method of and apparatus for the manufacture of fish bait
US3507662A (en) * 1965-02-03 1970-04-21 Etablis Public Inst National D Nitrogenous animal feeds

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2288662A (en) * 1938-07-21 1942-07-07 Fred W Weigel Cooking oleaginous material
US2354719A (en) * 1942-01-28 1944-08-01 Wilson & Co Inc Process of stabilizing fatty materials
US2533858A (en) * 1943-11-05 1950-12-12 Anderson Co V D Method of expressing oil
US2618643A (en) * 1949-05-04 1952-11-18 Anderson Co V D Method of recovering oil from castor beans or the like
FR1453261A (fr) * 1965-02-03 1966-06-03 Prod Chim Et Celluloses Rey Aliments pour animaux et son procédé de fabrication
US3507662A (en) * 1965-02-03 1970-04-21 Etablis Public Inst National D Nitrogenous animal feeds
FR1461364A (fr) * 1965-02-08 1966-12-09 Agronomique Inst Nat Rech Aliment protidique et sa fabrication
US3437488A (en) * 1966-12-01 1969-04-08 Angler Products Inc Method of and apparatus for the manufacture of fish bait

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Animal Foodstuffs, Harry De Moor, Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 65, 1966, column 20761. *
C R. Acad. Aug. 24, 1964, pp. 1,592 1,595. *
Feeds Resulting From The Reaction Between Nitrogen-containing And Tannin-containing Substances, R. A. Cardenas, Chem. Absts., Vol. 67, 1967, article 2286e. *
Protection Of Dietary Proteins From Rumen Bacterial Deamination. Artificial Rumen Studies, D. H. Cox, Chem. Absts., Vol. 65, 1964, article 16557h. *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1523268A (fr) 1968-05-03
BE711923A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-09-09
DE1692003A1 (de) 1971-07-22
NL158841B (nl) 1978-12-15
NL6803398A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-09-11
OA02759A (fr) 1970-12-15
GB1189754A (en) 1970-04-29

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