US3629987A - Bag forming, filling and sealing machine - Google Patents

Bag forming, filling and sealing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3629987A
US3629987A US40753A US3629987DA US3629987A US 3629987 A US3629987 A US 3629987A US 40753 A US40753 A US 40753A US 3629987D A US3629987D A US 3629987DA US 3629987 A US3629987 A US 3629987A
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Prior art keywords
web
shafts
rotary members
sealing
elements
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US40753A
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English (en)
Inventor
King L Klopfenstein
Erik O Vilen
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Triangle Package Machinery Co
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Triangle Package Machinery Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
    • B65B51/30—Devices, e.g. jaws, for applying pressure and heat, e.g. for subdividing filled tubes
    • B65B51/306—Counter-rotating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7451—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool the severing tool and the welding tool being movable with respect to one-another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8221—Scissor or lever mechanisms, i.e. involving a pivot point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8227—Transmission mechanisms using springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B29C66/83513—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums cooperating jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums and moving in a closed path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B59/00—Arrangements to enable machines to handle articles of different sizes, to produce packages of different sizes, to vary the contents of packages, to handle different types of packaging material, or to give access for cleaning or maintenance purposes
    • B65B59/003—Arrangements to enable adjustments related to the packaging material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7128—Bags, sacks, sachets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
    • B65B9/207—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles the web advancing continuously

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to bagmaking filling and sealing machines and is more specifically directed to an improvement in the apparatus for making transverse seals in spaced relation along the length of a multiple-ply web of heatsealable material.
  • sealing jaws are provided which move together and clamp the tubular web therebetween. The jaws then move downwardly thereby advancing the web and simultaneously creating a seal for the top of the lower bag and the bottom of the next succeeding bag thereabove.
  • the desired commodity is fed into the closed end tube through the open upper end thereof before such end is sealed and severed from the web.
  • the jaws return to their uppermost position to repeat the cycle.
  • tubular web or multiple plies in a flat condition move in a horizontal direction and seals are made transversely thereof at suitably spacedapart points. This forms the bag but the unsealed edge may form the open mouth of the bag through which the commodity may pass for filling the bag.
  • transverse seals The matter of forming the transverse seals becomes important in considering the efficiency of the machine and the speed at which the seals are made and the web advanced.
  • Various ways of making the transverse seals have been proposed including sealing jaws which move in an elongated closed path, either intermittently or continuously, as well as mating jaws which are mounted on continuously rotating wheels.
  • the apparatus as disclosed herein and which forms the subject matter of the present invention embodies a pair of rotating members on each of which is pivotally mounted one or more sealing elements which are caused to be brought together in mating relation, and to clamp the web therebetween.
  • the shafts on which they are mounted move away from each other, while both of said members maintain the same velocity with respect to each other about their respective axes thereby causing the clamped sealing elements to move in a straight line and advance the web during the sealing thereof.
  • Yieldable means are provided which normally urge the rotary members toward each other so that, as the sealing jaws move from their initial contact with the web to a plane passing through the centers of the members, such centers will move away from each other. As the sealing jaws then advance to the opposite side of said plane the centers on which the rotary members are mounted will move toward each other.
  • Suitable stop means are provided to limit movement of the rotary members toward each other, and when this limit is reached, continued rotation of the members will cause the sealing elements to separate and stop the feeding of the web. It will be evident, however, that a sufficient number of sealing elements could be provided on each rotary member so that the web could move continuously ifso desired.
  • the construction of the apparatus as disclosed herein lends itself not only to manual adjustment to vary the length of the bags being formed, but also to automatic control whereby means responsive to a suitable marking on the web of material will control the point at which the sealing elements will separate.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a novel apparatus for transversely sealing a multiple-ply web of a heatsealable material at spaced-apart points along the length thereof wherein the distance between such transverse seals may be changed either automatically or manually, thereby changing the length of the bag being formed.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus for forming a plurality of spaced-apart transverse seals along the length of a multiple-ply web of heat-scalable material wherein a plurality of sealing members are mounted on rotating elements which rotate in opposite directions, thereby bringing pairs of mating sealing elements together and clamping the web therebetween to seal and advance the material through a predetermined distance, and wherein said rotating members are mounted on shafts which are displaceable toward and away from each other.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a bag forming, filling and sealing machine with novel means for transversely sealing the multiple-ply web of heat-sealable material at spaced-apart points along the length thereof, wherein the size of the bags being made is controlled by varying the timing when the sealing jaws grip and release the web either automatically or by manual adjustment,
  • FIG. I is a front elevational view of a machine embodying a preferred form of the present invention showing a pair of the rotary sealing elements initially clamping the web of multipleply heat-scalable material therebetween;
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. I but illustrating the same pair of mated sealing elements at the point in their movement when the centers of the rotary members are farthest apart, and wherein the sealing elements are in the same plane as the plane passing through the centers of the rotary members;
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the machine shown in FIGS. I and 2 but with the forming shoulder and filling tube omitted therefrom;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view of a part of the machine taken substantially along the plane of line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal sectional view partly in elevation and taken substantially along the plane of line 5-5 ofFIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical sectional view taken substantially along the plane of line 6-6 of FIG. 3 with parts thereof being shown in elevation;
  • FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are somewhat diagrammatic views showing the various positions of mating sealing elements in the formation of a bag from initial contact with the web to the point where they separate merely by continued rotation of the rotary members;
  • FIGS. II, I2, 13 and I4 are somewhat diagrammatic illustrations of the path of movement of mating sealing elements but utilizing the automatic control for regulating the length of bag being formed, wherein the mated sealing elements are caused to separate automatically before they normally would separate merely due to continued rotation of the rotary members, thereby making a bag which is shorter than that shown in FIGS. 710; and
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an alternative form of sealing element, wherein the outer ends thereof are arcuate instead of flat.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 the apparatus embodying the present invention has been disclosed, for purposes of illustration, as including a frame consisting of uprights l and 2 at the front and rear of the frame, upper front and rear cross supporting members 3 and 4, and the horizontal side supports 5 and 6. At the front of the machine an additional horizontal crossmember 7 is provided for supporting the front ends of a pair of shafts, as will be pointed out more particularly hereinafter.
  • a crossmember 8 is provided near the bottom of the frame which provides a support for the air and hydraulic cylinder assembly used for regulating the length of bag, also as more particularly pointed out hereinafter.
  • Bagmaking machines of the general type to which the present apparatus pertains may be of either a vertical type or a horizontal type.
  • the machine shown herein is of the vertical type wherein a web W of a suitable heat-scalable material is caused to pass through a circuitous path from a suitable source, such as a roll, to a forming shoulder 9. As the web passes over the shoulder it is formed into a tubular shape around a filling tube I0.
  • a sealer element 11 is caused to move into contact with the overlapping longitudinal edges of the web to perform a longitudinal seal and complete the formation of the tubular length of heat-sealable material.
  • Transverse seals are then formed in spaced relation along the length of the tubular web, which seals form the bottom of a bag to be filled and closes the top of a bag which has been filled. This is all in accordance with customary and well-known practices familiar to those skilled in this art.
  • the web In a horizontal bagmaking machine the web may either be folded as it enters the machine or it may have been previously folded to form a multiple-ply web, and the vertical transverse seals to form the bag are applied in spaced-apart relation.
  • the bags are first formed and then filled at a later station, after which the open upper end is closed and heat sealed.
  • the web being fed to the horizontal transverse sealing elements may have been previously formed into a multiple-ply web instead of passing over a forming shoulder to form a tube.
  • the bag may be filled and sealed in the manner herein shown, or merely transversely sealed with the longitudinal seal omitted until some time later after filling.
  • transverse sealers have been used wherein sealing jaws grip the web at an upper point and then draw the web downwardly, after which time the jaws separate and return in a substantially linear movement to their uppermost position.
  • transverse sealer may include the rotary type wherein one or more pairs of sealing jaws on opposed sides of the web move in a closed path.
  • closed path may be of an elongated form such as that shown in Hoellzer et al. U.S. Pat. No. 2,962,843 or the carrier for the sealing elements may be circular and rotate continuously in a manner, for example, like that shown in the Vreeland et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,212,229.
  • a novel feature of the present invention is the use of rotary members which are pivoted or otherwise mounted for displacement toward and away from each other, during the sealing cycle while each pair of sealing elements is mated with the web clamped therebetween.
  • rotary members generally indicated by the numerals l2 and 13, respectively.
  • These rotary members may comprise either wheels on which the sealing elements are mounted or may be in the form of spiders as shown.
  • the rotary member 12 is mounted for rotation on a shaft 14 extending from front to rear of the frame and suitably mounted in bearings within a sleeve 15.
  • the other rotary member 13 is similarly mounted on a rotary shaft 16 mounted in the bearings 17 within-the sleeve 18.
  • Each of the rotary members I2 and I3 is provided with a plurality of sealing elements or jaws to which heat is applied by suitable means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the number of such elements may vary from one on each member to several, depending upon the length of the bag to be made, the speed at which the members are to rotate, and whether or not it is desired to move the web intermittently or continuously. Obviously, the greater the number of sealing elements for a given diameter of the rotary member the shorter will be the bags and the space between the transverse seals. If the number of sealing elements is sufficiently large so that one pair come together to clamp the web therebetween and advance it before the preceding pair has separated and stopped movement of the web, then the web will move continuously.
  • the rotary member 12 is shown as being provided with three radially extending arms 19, 20 and 21.
  • the rotary member 13 is likewise provided with the same number of radially extending arms 22, 23 and 24.
  • a jaw or sealing element At the end of each of these arms there is provided a jaw or sealing element and when they are rotated, opposed elements come together in mating pairs to form a transverse seal and to advance the web of material.
  • the sealing elements for the rotary member 12 mounted at the outer ends of the radial arms are indicated by the numerals 25, 26 and 27 while the comparable elements for the rotary member 13 are indicated by the numerals 28, 29 and 30.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 7 through 14 Each element is shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7 through 14 as having a flat face and as pivotally mounted on its associated arm, and each is normally and yieldably maintained in a position so that it forms a continuation or radial extension of its associated arm by means of a pair of springs, such as indicated in each instance by the numeral 31.
  • each sealing element come together in mating pair relation with the web therebetween and with the faces thereof flat against each other.
  • Each of the sealing elements on the rotary member 12 is provided with a slot 32, and each of the elements on the rotary member 13 is provided with a knife 33.
  • the faces of the mating elements come together such as the elements 27 and 30 in FIGS. 1, and 7 through I4
  • the top ofa filled bag B and the bottom of the next succeeding bag is formed by the transverse seal, and the knife 33 thereof is caused to move into the slot 32 of its mating element and sever the web at that point. It will be evident that other means for severing the web than the knife may be used if desired.
  • each sealing element is likewise provided with a pair of rollers, such as those which may be seen at 36 and 37, which are adapted to cooperate with vertically extending guide bars 38 and 39 positioned in the path of movement of such sealing elements to orient the faces thereof in substantially parallel relation before they meet.
  • the shafts 14 and 16 will move or be displaced back toward each other until they are stopped and the mating elements separate or until such inward movement of the shafts is otherwise caused to stop in a manner hereinafter described.
  • these shafts 14 and 16 are mounted for displacement about a pivot point and, therefore, their centers move in an arcuate path.
  • the horizontal plane through those shafts, which also passes through the mated sealing elements, will be at that point when the shafts are farthest apart.
  • Other mounting means could be provided if desired, which would cause displacement of the shafts in a straight line.
  • the shafts 14 and 16 are mounted for arcuate displacement toward and away from each other about the shafts 40 and 41 as pivots which have the sleeves 42 and 43 thereon, respectively.
  • the shafts 40 and 41 are mounted for rotation in suitable bearings 44 at the front of the frame in the supporting cross members 7 (see FIG. 4). Both shafts are mounted so that they may rotate about their own centers and so that the sleeves 42 and 43 around these shafts may oscillate around the same centers.
  • the sleeve on shaft 14 is connected with sleeve 42 on shaft 40 by means of a plurality of arms 45, 46 and 47.
  • the sleeve 18 on shaft 16 is connected to sleeve 43 on shaft 41 by means of a similar plurality of connecting arms 48, 49 and 50 (see FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • the two sleeves l5 and 42 are likewise connected by a plate 51 at the rear end thereof while a similar plate 52 connects the sleeves 18 and 43.
  • a pair of lever arms 53 and 54 are secured at one end thereof to the sleeve 43 and extend inwardly therefrom (see FIGS. 3, 4 and 5). At their other ends these lever arms are pivotally connected to the respective links 55 and 56. The lower end of each link 55 and 56 is pivotally connected by means of suitable pivot pins to the outer ends of an adapter member 57.
  • each lever arm 58 and 59 are connected at one end thereof to the sleeve 42 and extend inwardly therefrom.
  • the opposite end of each lever arm 58 and 59 is pivotally secured to the respective links 60 and 61.
  • the lower end of each of these last-named links is also connected by suitable pivot pins to the same adapter member 57.
  • the driving mechanism which causes rotation of the shafts 14 and 16, and the rotary members 12 and 13 mounted thereon, includes a drive motor M having an output shaft 62 on which is mounted a sprocket 63.
  • the sprocket chain 64 passes around the sprocket 63 and a second sprocket 65 on shaft 66 suitablyjournaled in a support 67.
  • shaft 66 has a sprocket wheel 68 mounted thereon and is caused to rotate by rotation of shaft 66 through the aforesaid drive from the motor (see FIG. 3).
  • a sprocket chain 69 (FIGS. 1 and 2) passes around the sprocket 68 at the upper part of the frame, then around a sprocket wheel 70 on shaft 71 mounted for rotation in a bracket 72, around the large sprocket wheel 73, and a second large sprocket wheel 74, in a manner to rotate these last named sprockets in opposite directions.
  • the aforesaid drive causes rotation of the shafts 40 and 41 and, by means of a suitable gear train, also rotates the shafts 14 and 16, with the rotary members 12 and 13 thereon, in opposite directions to each other.
  • shaft 41 has mounted thereon a gear 75 which meshes with an idler 76 mounted for rotation on a stub shaft 77 on the rearmost connecting arm or plate 52 (see FIGS. 4 and 6).
  • This idler meshes with gear 78 on shaft 16 thereby rotating that shaft and the rotary member 13 thereon in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a similar arrangement is provided on the opposite side of the frame wherein a gate 79 is mounted on the shaft 40 and meshes with the idler gear 80. This, in turn, meshes with the gear 81 on shaft 14, thereby rotating it and the rotary member 12 thereon in a clockwise direction.
  • the drive as above described will impart a continuous rotation of the rotary members 12 and 13 in opposite directions, and that the direction of rotation of the rotary members and the rotational velocity thereof will be the same as the direction of rotation and rotational velocity of the driven shafts 40 and 41 associated with each said member.
  • This rotational velocity of the rotary members is not altered by movement thereof toward and away from each other due to the action of the mated sealing elements.
  • Each time a pair of opposed sealing elements meet and clamp the web of material therebetween the web will be sealed, severed and drawn downwardly in a straight line from the position shown in FIG. 1 until the elements have moved to a point which is substantially the same distance on the opposite side of a plane passing through the centers of the shafts 14 and 16.
  • each of the rotary members may be provided with only one sealing element in which case the pairs would meet only every 360 of rotation. Additional sealing elements on each member would cause successive pairs to meet more often and form a greater number of bags for the same speed of rotation of the members.
  • Yieldable means are provided to urge the shafts 14 and 16 toward each other, and it will be evident that during the first part of the movement of the mated sealing elements these shafts will move apart against the force of the yieldable means, but such force will act to move the shafts toward each other and maintain the sealing elements in contact with the web until a suitable stop means is encountered.
  • Such yieldable means may take any suitable form, either mechanical or compressible fluid under pressure.
  • a cylinder having a piston therein which is urged by fluid pressure, for example, air, in a suitable direction to urge the rotary members toward each other.
  • the piston rod thereof is connected to the associated linkage and movement downwardly of the rod under urging of the fluid pressure will act to urge the shafts and rotary members together.
  • an air cylinder 82 having a piston 83 therein connected with a piston rod 84 which extends upwardly through the closed top of the cylinder.
  • the upper end of the piston rod 84 is secured to the adapter plate 57 at the center thereof.
  • An air line 85 is provided through which air under pressure may be admitted to the upper end of the cylinder 82.
  • the stroke of the piston rod 84 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is at its maximum, then the length of the bag being made will be the maximum length which can be made on this particular machine. It will be evident, then, that if the stroke of the piston rod 84 is made shorter the two mated sealing elements will arrive at clamping position later than normal and will be caused to separate sooner than normal, thereby shortening the length of the bag.
  • the stroke of the piston rod 84, and consequently the distance through which the adapter 57 moves during a given cycle is determined by adjusting the position of the cylinder upwardly or downwardly in an axial direction.
  • This latter control involves a second cylinder 86 which is either mounted in tandem with the cylinder 82 or which is a continuation thereof with a suitable wall dividing the two cylinders.
  • the cylinder 86 will have hydraulic fluid therein whereas the cylinder 82 is provided with air pressure, and suitable seals are provided to keep the two fluids separated.
  • Cylinder 86 has a piston 87 therein which is mounted on the same piston rod 84 on which the piston 83 is mounted.
  • a hydraulic fluid conduit 88 is connected to a suitable port in the cylinder 86 at the top thereof while conduit 89 is likewise connected to a suitable port in the lower end of cylinder 86, and the two conduits are connected by a third conduit 90 in which there is located a valve 91.
  • valve Any suitable construction of valve may be used so that when the valve is open and the piston 87 moves upwardly while a bag is being formed, hydraulic fluid will flow outwardly through conduit 88 and the valve and then back to the cylinder below the piston through conduit 89. The reverse action will take place during the last half of the bag-forming operation while the sealing elements move from their position in FIG. 2 downwardly to the point where they separate. As may be presently seen, if the valve 91 is closed to prevent flow of fluid therethrough, or if it is restricted, thereby to restrict the flow of fluid therethrough it will act in a similar manner to the aforesaid stop means to control the length of the bag being formed.
  • One of the important advantages of the present invention is the ability to control the length of bag being made either manually or automatically. The manual control will be discussed first.
  • a lug 92 extends downwardly from the lower end of the cylinder 86.
  • An adjusting stud 93 is threadedly connected at its upper end to the lug 92 and passes downwardly through the crossmember 8.
  • Locking nuts 94 and 95 engage the threaded stud 93 to lock the assembly in any position to which it may be adjusted.
  • the cylinders may be held rigid by suitable means (not shown) to insure a straight line movement of the adapter 57.
  • the threaded stud 93 is adjusted to move the cylinder assembly upwardly. This adjustment will also move upwardly the adapter 57, the links 55, 56,60 and 61, and the lever arms 53, 54, 58 and 59 to which those links are pivotally connected. By reason of the arrangement heretofore described, this will rotate the sleeves 42 and 43 in a direction to move the shafts l4 and 16 farther apart and will carry with them the rotary members 12 and 13 on which the sealing elements are mounted.
  • FIG. 7 shows the mating of the sealing elements initially for a given setting of the stop means.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show successive positions of the elements as they move downwardly, and
  • FIG. 8 shows the knife 33 ofone element entering the slot 32 of the opposed element for severing the lower formed bag from the web.
  • FIG. 7 shows the mating of the sealing elements initially for a given setting of the stop means.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show successive positions of the elements as they move downwardly
  • FIG. 8 shows the knife 33 ofone element entering the slot 32 of the opposed element for severing the lower formed bag from the web.
  • stop means may be utilized to control the minimum distance between the axes of the rotary members 12 and 13 than that shown herein, and it will likewise be evident that if it is desired to have only a manual control the hydraulic cylinder may be dispensed with.
  • the purpose of having the two types of controls is that in some instances the web of wrapping material will be plain and unprinted and a manual adjustment will be sufficient. Where the web of material has printing thereon, it is more difficult to adjust the stopping point of the inward movement of the shafts on which the rotary members are mounted to obtain accurate registration.
  • the film is imprinted it is preferable to have automatic control for the registration and length of bags to insure that the bag length will be proper and that the printing will appear at the desired place on every bag.
  • an electric eye, or other similar type of photoelectric responsive means which is positioned at a predetermined location adjacent the moving web of film, so that it will detect the presence of a particular registration marking thereon.
  • valve 91 when a given registration marking is detected by the electric eye it responds through suitable circuitry to close or partially close the valve 91. This will stop or restrict the flow of fluid out of the cylinder 86 and will stop or slow the downward movement of the piston rod 84 and all of the various elements and linkages connected thereto. This will result in a stopping, or at least a retarding of the movement of the axes of the rotary members toward each other long enough for the continued rotation thereof to cause the mated sealing elements to separate. This action is of a very short duration and merely causes separation of the sealing elements long enough to release the bag B which hasjust been completed as well as the lower end of the next succeeding bag.
  • FIGS. 11 through 14 This action may be understood by reference to FIGS. 11 through 14. It is assumed that the rotation of the sealing elements will cause them to come together initially as in FIG. 7, and that the severing action will take place as in FIG. 8. Continued rotation will then bring the web and sealing elements downwardly as in FIG, 11. At a suitable predetermined point in this travel, the registration marking on the web will be detected by the electric eye which will respond thereto as described above and close or restrict the valve opening, thereby stopping or restricting the flow of fluid out of the hydraulic cylinder 86. At this point the axes of the rotary members will either stop their movement toward each other or such movement will be retarded a sufficient amount to cause the mated sealing elements to separate by continued rotation of the rotary members. This point in the cycle is illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • valve 91 Since this action is only of sufficient duration to release the formed bag and the web, the valve 91 will again open permitting flow of fluid and continued movement of the axes of the rotary members toward each other, and the mated sealing elements will again come together but without any web therebetween as shown in FIG. 13. From that point on the normal sequence will take place and the sealing elements will separate in the normal course of rotation of the rotary members.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a modified form of sealing element construction wherein the outer end of each of the arms on the rotary members is arcuate so that mating pairs may move together in rolling contact with the web.
  • arcuate surfaces are indicated by the numeral 97 on the ends of arms 19', 20' and 21 of wheel 12', and by the numeral 98 on the ends of arms 22, 23' and 24 of wheel 13'. It will be noted that when such arcuate mating surfaces are utilized, the pivotal mounting of the sealing elements on their respective arms may be eliminated, as well as the guide bars 38 and 39.
  • Apparatus for making spaced transverse seals along a length of a multiple-ply web of heat-sealable material to form bags, and for advancing said web comprising, a pair of spaced shafts, means mounting said shafts for displacement toward and away from each other, a rotary member mounted on each of said shafts, means for rotating said rotary members in opposite directions, at least one sealing element mounted on each of said rotary members and so arranged that rotation of said rotary members in opposite directions will cause the faces of an opposed pair of sealing elements to come together in mating relation on one side of a plane passing through said shafts and clamp the web therebetween, sealing the web and advancing it during said rotation while said sealing elements move to a predetermined point at the other side of said plane, yieldable means for urging said shafts and rotary members toward each other, thereby creating pressure between said mated sealing elements, said shafts and rotary members being displaced away from each other during movement of said mated sealing elements from initial contact with the web to said plane and then toward each other until said
  • each sealing element has a substantially flat face thereon and is pivotally mounted on its associated rotary member.
  • stop means to limit movement of said shafts and rotary members toward each other, and means to adjust the position of said stop means, thereby to control the minimum distance between said shafts during a given cycle, and regulating the length of the bags being formed.
  • said means for mounting said shafts for displacement includes a pivot means for each said shaft, an arm connecting each said shaft with its associated pivot means, whereby displacement of said shafts will be in an arcuate path about each of said pivot means, and connecting means between each of said pivot means and said yieldable means whereby displacement of said shafts will rotate said pivot means and said connecting means, and rotation of said pivot means by movement of said connecting means will cause displacement of said shafts,
  • stop means to limit movement of said shafts and rotary members toward each other, and means to adjust the position of said stop means, thereby to control the minimum distance between said shafts during a given cycle and regulating the length of the bags being formed.
  • Apparatus for making spaced transverse seals along the length of a multiple-ply web of heat-scalable material to form bags, and for advancing said web comprising, a pair of rotary members, means mounting said members for rotation on centers which are displaceable toward and away from each other, means for rotating said members in opposite directions, at least one sealing element mounted on each of said rotary members and so arranged that rotation of said rotary members in opposite directions will cause the faces of an opposed pair of sealing elements to come together in mating relation on one side of a plane passing through said centers and clamp the web therebetween, sealing the web and advancing it in a substantially straight line during said rotation while said sealing elements move to a predetermined position at the other side of said plane and separate, said members moving away from each other during movement of said mated sealing elements from initial clamping position to said plane, and toward each other after said elements pass said plane, yieldable means normally urging said rotary members toward each other, and means to vary the position at said other side of said plane where said sealing elements separate, thereby controlling the distance between
  • said last-named means includes a pair of chambers in closed communication with each other and containing a substantially fixed volume of a suitable fluid, means for varyln the capacity of each said chamber in response to movement 0 said rotary members toward and away from each other, whereby fluid will be displaced from one chamber to another in one direction when said rotary members move toward each other, and fluid will be displaced from said other chamber to said one chamber in the opposite direction when said members move away from each other, and means responsive to a marking on the web to control the displacement of the fluid in said one direction, thereby interfering with or interrupting movement of said rotary members and causing said sealing elements to separate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
US40753A 1970-05-27 1970-05-27 Bag forming, filling and sealing machine Expired - Lifetime US3629987A (en)

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892060A (en) * 1970-03-30 1975-07-01 Kay Laboratories Inc Hot or cold pack and apparatus for and method of making same
US4081944A (en) * 1975-12-19 1978-04-04 Ab Ziristor Arrangement for the reading of photocell markings on a material web provided with decoration
FR2372728A1 (fr) * 1976-12-02 1978-06-30 Buitoni Perugina Ind Ibp Machine pour former des emballages pratiquement parallelepipediques
US4106265A (en) * 1975-05-29 1978-08-15 Fmc Corporation Wrapping machine and method with four side rotary tucker
US4384438A (en) * 1979-07-25 1983-05-24 Tetra Pak International Ab Arrangement on packing machines
EP0165819A3 (en) * 1984-06-20 1986-12-10 Alfred Alexander Taylor Packaging apparatus
US4750313A (en) * 1985-12-20 1988-06-14 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh Packaging machine for the manufacture, filling and closing of bags and a method for operating such a machine
US4790124A (en) * 1987-03-30 1988-12-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Asada Article packaging apparatus
US4862673A (en) * 1987-04-28 1989-09-05 Cavanna S.P.A. Rotary jaw assembly for packaging machines, particularly packaging machines for tubular wrappers of the flow-pack or similar type
EP0489400A1 (de) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-10 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh Strippereinrichtung für eine Schlauchbeutel-Verpackungsmaschine
FR2714888A1 (fr) * 1994-01-13 1995-07-13 Croizer Jean Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement à chaud et sous vide par défaut, de produits liquides contenant des éléments solides.
US5548947A (en) * 1993-07-08 1996-08-27 Thomas J. Lipton Co. Apparatus and method for producing packets
EP0819608A1 (de) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-21 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH Schlauchbeutelmaschine
WO2000021834A1 (en) 1998-10-13 2000-04-20 Kliklok Corporation Packaging machine with continuous sealing jaw movement
EP1018470A1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-12 Ishida Co., Ltd. Latitudinal sealing mechanism for bag-packaging machine and a bag packaging machine having the same
NL1011299C2 (nl) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-15 Kloeckner Haensel Tevopharm Beitelsamenstel.
US20030213217A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Ishida Co., Ltd. Transversel sealing mechanism for bag-manufacturing and packaging machine and beg-packaging machine equipped therewith
US6729113B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2004-05-04 Ishida Co., Ltd. Lateral sealing mechanism for bag making and packaging machine, and bag making and packaging machine
US20040168407A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2004-09-02 Davide Borghi Decoration correction method and system for a form-and-seal unit
US20080066430A1 (en) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Triangle Package Machinery Company Continuous motion drive mechanism for a form, fill, and seal machine
US20080072537A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2008-03-27 Ishida Co., Ltd Packaging machine
US20090013655A1 (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Marchesini Group S.P.A. Machine For Packing Products In Envelopes
EP2151390A1 (en) * 2008-08-09 2010-02-10 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA Packaging method and unit for producing sealed packages of a food product pourable into a tube of packaging material
US20110192117A1 (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Lubezny Vadim A Seal and cut method and apparatus
US20160096641A1 (en) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 The Boeing Company Packaging apparatuses, systems, and methods
CN107235187A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2017-10-10 中山市方越电子科技有限公司 一种轴管件制袋装袋机
US10358244B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2019-07-23 Triangle Package Machinery Co. Rotatable sealing jaw assembly for a form, fill and seal machine
WO2021058113A1 (de) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Loesch Verpackungstechnik Gmbh Quersiegelvorrichtung für eine schlauchbeutelverpackungsmaschine
CN113968367A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-25 金卓 一种农产品干货自动物流打包装置

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AU533511B1 (en) * 1982-09-04 1983-12-01 Owens-Illinois Plastic Products Inc. Producing a plastic sleeve
JP2577549B2 (ja) * 1986-09-11 1997-02-05 エービー テトラパック ゲーブルトップ型容器の頂部シール装置

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US3485010A (en) * 1967-11-15 1969-12-23 Tabak & Ind Masch Device for driving package-forming jaws of a packing machine
US3522689A (en) * 1967-08-21 1970-08-04 Econ O Line Mfg Co Seal forming machine for forming successive transverse-spaced seals between the plies of a plural-ply strip in a packaging or other apparatus

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US3522689A (en) * 1967-08-21 1970-08-04 Econ O Line Mfg Co Seal forming machine for forming successive transverse-spaced seals between the plies of a plural-ply strip in a packaging or other apparatus
US3485010A (en) * 1967-11-15 1969-12-23 Tabak & Ind Masch Device for driving package-forming jaws of a packing machine

Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892060A (en) * 1970-03-30 1975-07-01 Kay Laboratories Inc Hot or cold pack and apparatus for and method of making same
US4106265A (en) * 1975-05-29 1978-08-15 Fmc Corporation Wrapping machine and method with four side rotary tucker
US4081944A (en) * 1975-12-19 1978-04-04 Ab Ziristor Arrangement for the reading of photocell markings on a material web provided with decoration
FR2372728A1 (fr) * 1976-12-02 1978-06-30 Buitoni Perugina Ind Ibp Machine pour former des emballages pratiquement parallelepipediques
US4384438A (en) * 1979-07-25 1983-05-24 Tetra Pak International Ab Arrangement on packing machines
EP0165819A3 (en) * 1984-06-20 1986-12-10 Alfred Alexander Taylor Packaging apparatus
US4663917A (en) * 1984-06-20 1987-05-12 Taylor Alfred A Packaging apparatus
AU571335B2 (en) * 1984-06-20 1988-04-14 Taylor, A.A. Subdividing filled flexible tubes
US4750313A (en) * 1985-12-20 1988-06-14 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh Packaging machine for the manufacture, filling and closing of bags and a method for operating such a machine
US4790124A (en) * 1987-03-30 1988-12-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Asada Article packaging apparatus
US4862673A (en) * 1987-04-28 1989-09-05 Cavanna S.P.A. Rotary jaw assembly for packaging machines, particularly packaging machines for tubular wrappers of the flow-pack or similar type
EP0489400A1 (de) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-10 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh Strippereinrichtung für eine Schlauchbeutel-Verpackungsmaschine
US5203145A (en) * 1990-12-05 1993-04-20 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh Stripper mechanism for a tubular bag packaging machine
US5548947A (en) * 1993-07-08 1996-08-27 Thomas J. Lipton Co. Apparatus and method for producing packets
FR2714888A1 (fr) * 1994-01-13 1995-07-13 Croizer Jean Procédé et dispositif de conditionnement à chaud et sous vide par défaut, de produits liquides contenant des éléments solides.
EP0819608A1 (de) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-21 Rovema Verpackungsmaschinen GmbH Schlauchbeutelmaschine
WO2000021834A1 (en) 1998-10-13 2000-04-20 Kliklok Corporation Packaging machine with continuous sealing jaw movement
US6138442A (en) * 1998-10-13 2000-10-31 Kliklok Corporation Packaging machine with continuous sealing jaw movement
AU743252B2 (en) * 1998-10-13 2002-01-24 Kliklok Corporation Packaging machine with continuous sealing jaw movement
US6604343B2 (en) 1999-01-08 2003-08-12 Ishida Co., Ltd. Latitudinal sealing mechanism for bag-packaging machine and a bag packaging machine having the same
US6421987B1 (en) 1999-01-08 2002-07-23 Ishida Co., Ltd. Latitudinal sealing mechanism for bag-packaging machine and a bag packaging machine having the same
EP1238912A1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2002-09-11 Ishida Co., Ltd. Latitudinal sealing mechanism for bag-packaging machine and a bag packaging machine having the same
EP1018470A1 (en) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-12 Ishida Co., Ltd. Latitudinal sealing mechanism for bag-packaging machine and a bag packaging machine having the same
EP1028056A3 (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-11-02 Klöckner Hänsel Tevopharm B.V. Tool assembly for making transverse seams in packaging web
NL1011299C2 (nl) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-15 Kloeckner Haensel Tevopharm Beitelsamenstel.
US6729113B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2004-05-04 Ishida Co., Ltd. Lateral sealing mechanism for bag making and packaging machine, and bag making and packaging machine
US20040168407A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2004-09-02 Davide Borghi Decoration correction method and system for a form-and-seal unit
US7000366B2 (en) * 2001-06-14 2006-02-21 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Decoration correction method and system for a form-and-seal unit
US20030213217A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Ishida Co., Ltd. Transversel sealing mechanism for bag-manufacturing and packaging machine and beg-packaging machine equipped therewith
US7171795B2 (en) * 2002-05-17 2007-02-06 Ishida Co., Ltd. Transverse sealing mechanism for bag-manufacturing and packaging machine and bag-packaging machine equipped therewith
US20080072537A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2008-03-27 Ishida Co., Ltd Packaging machine
US20080066430A1 (en) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Triangle Package Machinery Company Continuous motion drive mechanism for a form, fill, and seal machine
US20090013655A1 (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Marchesini Group S.P.A. Machine For Packing Products In Envelopes
WO2010018141A1 (en) * 2008-08-09 2010-02-18 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Packaging method and unit for producing sealed packages of a food product pourable into a tube of packaging material
US8919081B2 (en) 2008-08-09 2014-12-30 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Packaging method for producing sealed packages of a food product pourable into a tube of packaging material
US20110120059A1 (en) * 2008-08-09 2011-05-26 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Packaging method and unit for producing sealed packages of a food product pourable into a tube of packaging material
EP2151390A1 (en) * 2008-08-09 2010-02-10 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA Packaging method and unit for producing sealed packages of a food product pourable into a tube of packaging material
JP2011530455A (ja) * 2008-08-09 2011-12-22 テトラ ラバル ホールデイングス エ フイナンス ソシエテ アノニム パッケージング材料のチューブの中に注ぐことができる食品用のシールされたパッケージを製造するためのパッケージング方法及びユニット
CN102119104B (zh) * 2008-08-09 2013-09-25 利乐拉瓦尔集团及财务有限公司 用于生产可灌装入包装材料管内的食品的密封包装的包装方法和单元
US8539741B2 (en) 2010-02-10 2013-09-24 Triangle Package Machinery Company Seal and cut method and apparatus
US20110192117A1 (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Lubezny Vadim A Seal and cut method and apparatus
US20160096641A1 (en) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 The Boeing Company Packaging apparatuses, systems, and methods
US10232968B2 (en) * 2014-10-02 2019-03-19 The Boeing Company Packaging methods
US11053038B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2021-07-06 The Boeing Company Packaging apparatuses and systems
US10358244B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2019-07-23 Triangle Package Machinery Co. Rotatable sealing jaw assembly for a form, fill and seal machine
CN107235187A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2017-10-10 中山市方越电子科技有限公司 一种轴管件制袋装袋机
WO2021058113A1 (de) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Loesch Verpackungstechnik Gmbh Quersiegelvorrichtung für eine schlauchbeutelverpackungsmaschine
CN113968367A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-25 金卓 一种农产品干货自动物流打包装置

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DE2126498B2 (de) 1976-03-25
DE2126498A1 (de) 1971-12-09
GB1289238A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-13

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