US3624874A - Apparatus for stretching fabrics - Google Patents

Apparatus for stretching fabrics Download PDF

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US3624874A
US3624874A US877670A US3624874DA US3624874A US 3624874 A US3624874 A US 3624874A US 877670 A US877670 A US 877670A US 3624874D A US3624874D A US 3624874DA US 3624874 A US3624874 A US 3624874A
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elongation
stretching
rolls
web
fabric
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Alfred E Lauchenauer
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Raduner and Co AG
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Raduner and Co AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/395—Isocyanates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/18—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets by squeezing between surfaces, e.g. rollers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C3/00—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics
    • D06C3/06—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics by rotary disc, roller, or like apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • D06M13/123—Polyaldehydes; Polyketones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/192—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
    • D06M13/272—Unsaturated compounds containing sulfur atoms
    • D06M13/278—Vinylsulfonium compounds; Vinylsulfone or vinylsulfoxide compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
    • D06M13/285—Phosphines; Phosphine oxides; Phosphine sulfides; Phosphinic or phosphinous acids or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/52—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
    • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
    • D06B23/02—Rollers
    • D06B23/026—Rollers characterised by particular surface features

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the treating of textile material by stretching of the material in a particular manner to impart to the material certain beneficial results which in some cases are exhibited in the material as a result of the stretching alone and in other instances is exhibited when the material after stretching is subjected to various finishing procedures including dyeing, stabilization of dimensions or shape and treatments for imparting wash-and-wear characteristics, crease resistance or shape retention.
  • An ideal elongation procedure should fulfill the following conditions, if it is to make possible an industrially useable modification of properties of fibers in the form of fiat textile products in an economical manner:
  • the elongation velocity should be high and at least per second, but preferably 50% per second and more. The elongation should therefore be almost abrupt.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is achieved in the treatment of textile materials consisting wholly or in part of natural cellulosic fibers, such as cotton to impart to the fabric by stretching thereof characteristics the advantages of which are exhibited after the fabric has been subjected to finishing effects such as washand-wear properties, dry and wet crease recovery, dimensional stability and the like particularly when such treatments are effected by crosslinking.
  • finishing effects such as washand-wear properties, dry and wet crease recovery, dimensional stability and the like particularly when such treatments are effected by crosslinking.
  • the treatment of cotton fabrics to impart such finishing effects has resulted in very high losses of the tensile strength, sometimes reaching 60% or more of the original tensile strength of the fabric. Similar high losses sometimes of even greater magnitude have been suffered in the abrasion and tearing strengths of the treated fabric compared with the original fabric.
  • the degree of stretching is extremely important for the improvement of the tensile strength, and since there is a lower limit below which no appreciable improvement at all is obtained, the only effect achieved under these conditions may be a more uniform tensile strength of the fabric components.
  • the weaker components are stretched more and hence show less loss of tensile strength after cross-linking than the formerly stronger parts, which are hardly affected by the stretching process and thus exhibit a normal loss of strength. This also may explain why in laboratory trials where tests are made with shorter strips of fabrics, much better results are obtained than in the mill.
  • Such stretching for conveniene herein, sometimes will be referred to as micro-length stretching even though the increments in some instances may be so small as accurately to be defined as micro and in other instances may be larger than what is usually called micro.
  • Such stretching also sometimes will be referred to herein as small area stretching.
  • Methods for producing small increment stretching may, for example, consist in causing the textile material to form curves or undulations of small length perpendicular to its original surface thus causing an increase in the dimension of the fabric while the dimensions measured in the plane of the original surface remain substantially unchanged.
  • a more specific object of this invention consists in producing on textile material, preferably when it is in an at least slightly swollen state, a rearrangement of yarns, fibers and components thereof by means of uniform stretching to at least 30%, and preferably to 50% of the elongation at break of said textile material in the stretched direction.
  • the stretching is carried out in small to infinitely small distance as stated above. In connection with fabrics containing cellulosic fibers the stretching is carried out prior to any crosslinking of the cellulose fibers which may be performed to improve Wash-and-wear, crease recovery and similar characteristics.
  • a preferred form of such apparatus is illustrated herein.
  • Such preferred apparatus is designed to stretch a web of fabric transversely of its width and consists basically of a pair of intermeshing circumferentially grooved rolls or bowls, devices for holding the edges of the web and provision for adjustment of the degree of intermeshing of the rolls to predetermine the amount of stretch to be imparted to the width of the fabric extending between the edge holding devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevational view of the apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of a portion of the apparatus looking in the direction of the arrows 2-2 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.
  • edges of the fabric web by suitable devices, in order to prevent having them escape towards the middle of the web as a result of the pull exerted transversely to the web (through this the elongation on the two sides of the web would be less than in the middle).
  • the holding of the edges can be done in different ways: One can spread the web widthwise directly before, possibly also after the contact with the cogged cylinders by means of edge-guiding (gripping) devices known as such.
  • a very simple method for guiding the edges consists in that at least on one of grooved cylinders engaging with each other in pair there are inserted into those two regions in which the fabric edges run, band-shaped or other articles of suitable form into the grooves which prevent the edges of the web from a lateral sliding towards the middle of the web by means of a high frictional resistance, or actually clamp the edges of the web tight by contact with a land or lands of the opposing cylinder.
  • the band-shaped articles expediently consist of a material which can be elastically compressed, that is of rubber or porous rubber of elastically compressible synthetics, which possibly contain pores, that is they may be in the form of foam, or of combinations of elastic and less elastic material.
  • the cross section may be round, angular or adapted to the form of the groove of the cylinder, or have a form which combines easy compressibility of the highest possible resistance to lateral sliding, for example by means of cavities.
  • one may also diminish or prevent the lateral escaping of the goods web edges to a great extent through the form of the lands of the grooved cylinders and their distances from each other. Lands standing close by each other, and lands which have a not very rounded cross-section, but rather an angular one, prevent the lateral sliding particularly well, althrough, of course, there may not be any cutting edges present.
  • the surface of the grooved cylinder may consist of metal or of another material, which almost completely retains its form under the conditions of the elongation, and at most is slightly compressed during the elongation, that is preferably has a hardness of at least 100 Shore A.
  • the distance between the lands of the grooved cylindersif the elongation is still to be a small zone elongationmust amount to at most preferably at most of the width of the fabric web (that is the elongation zones must be at least 10 or 20 times smaller than in the conventional elongation by pulling on the two edges of the web), and should amount to at most 10 cm., preferably however at most 5 cm.
  • the distance of the lands on the grooved cylinders is 1 to 2.5 cm., at any rate at most 3 cm.
  • the length, in the direction of elongation, of the portions of the fabric which, during elongation, are in contact with the surfaces of the lands is as great as or greater than the length of those portions which extend between lands out of contact therewith.
  • any multi-stage elongation between grooved cylinders it is important in order to achieve maximum elongation effects, that the flat product is made uniformly smooth over the entire width after each passage between grooved cylinders that engage in each other, by means known as such, for example separating cylinders, spiral separators etc., in other words, the lengthwise fluting caused by the lands is pulled flat before the web runs into the next pair of grooved cylinders.
  • a uniform second elongation stage and furthermore one achieves that the lands and grooves of the second pair of cylinders do not touch the goods at the same places as the first pair of cylinders.
  • FIG. 1 a web 10 of fabric is supplied from a roll 12.
  • the web 10 is guided over a spreading roll 14, which as noted above, may be a spirally threaded roll or other equivalent structure.
  • the spreading roll 14 is provided with oppositely handed spiral threads 16 and .18 which extend outwardly from the middle of the length of the roll whereby to frictionally engage the fabric and to smooth out any wrinkles therein.
  • Such relatively minuscule amount of stretching as may be caused by spirally threaded rolls such as roll 14 or equivalent smoothing devices such as bowed rolls, is not to be confused with the accurately controlled extensive and positively produced stretching which is the subject of the present invention.
  • the web 10 After passing over the smoothing roll 14 the web 10 is guided into engagement with a pair of intermeshing circumferentially grooved rolls 20 and 22.
  • the lower roll 20 is driven, by means including a gear 24 fixed to the shaft 26 upon which the roll 20 is fixed, at such peripheral speed as may be desired to advance the fabric web 10 through the machine.
  • the upper roll 22 need not be driven but in any event is mounted for adjustment toward and from the roll 20 whereby to establish the desired degree of intermeshing of the rolls 2t) and 22.
  • the means for adjustment of the upper roll 22 is not shown herein and it may provide yielding or fixed adjusted position as desired.
  • air or hydraulic fluid cylinders may be arranged to press the roll 22 towards roll 20 and the amount of air or other fluid pressure applied may be predetermined in such manner as to provide the desired degree of stretching.
  • devices such as screw-jacks may be used to move the upper roll 22 into any desired fixed relation with the lower roll 20.
  • the fabric After the fabric leaves the pair of rolls 22 it may be smoothed, as by a spirally threaded spreading roll 28 similar to the spreading roll 14, and conducted to such further processing or winding-up as may be desired.
  • the web 10 may be subjected to further small-area stretching by means of a second pair of rolls 30 and 32 which may be similar to or identical with or quite different from the first pair of rolls 20, 22.
  • the second pair of rolls 30, 32 When the second pair of rolls 30, 32 is used the web 10 of fabric should be subsequently smoothed as by another spreading roll 34 which may be similar to the spreading roll 14.
  • additional pairs of small-area stretching rolls may be provided whereby the fabric web .10 may be successively stretched to the desired degree.
  • the stretching rolls 20 and 22 are circumferentially grooved rolls which have lands 36 and 38 respectively and grooves 40 and 42 respectively.
  • Preferred contours for such grooves and lands have been discussed above and the particular contours shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are merely illustrative.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 there is shown one form of edge gripping device of the type discussed generally above.
  • a pair of rings 44 made of rubber or other suitable elastomeric material is shown associated with the lower grooved roll 20.
  • the rings 44 are not only yieldable in cross-section but also, preferably, are stretchable in circumferential direction whereby the rings may be positioned in any of the grooves 40 of the roll 20 to cooperate with the longitudinal edges of a fabric web 10 of any width which may be encountered, within the full-length capacity of the roll 20.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the rings 44 may be circular, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 or may be varied as noted above.
  • the rings have cross-sectional dimensions such that they will be firmly engaged by the opposing land 38 of the upper grooved roll 22 in all positions of adjustment of the intermeshing relationship of lands and grooves, thus to be operative whether the fabric web 10 is to be only slightly stretched between its edges or is to be extensively stretched as the result of deeper intermeshing of the lands and grooves.
  • rings 44 may be positioned on the upper grooved roll 22 if so desired and if two or more pairs of rings 44 are used they all may be positioned on one or the other of rolls 20 and 22 or certain of them may be divided between the grooved rolls.
  • the small-area or micro-length stretching effected by the apparatus illustrated in the drawings is that which occurs in the transverse lengths of the fabric web 10 which extend between adjacent lands 36 of roll 20 and 38 of roll 22.
  • the magnitude of the stretch effected by passing the Web 10 through the intermeshing rolls 20 and 22 with the edges thereof gripped by the rings 44 is, of course, determined by the depth of penetration of the lands 36 and 38 into the respective grooves of the rolls 20 and 22.
  • the undulating path which the fabric web 10 is forced to take is longer than the path lying in the original plane of the web 10 and the web thus is stretched in a manner which is substantially uniform throughout the width thereof which lies between the edge-gripping devices 44.
  • the additional pairs of intermeshing rolls such as the rolls 30 and 32 shown in FIG. 1 preferably are also equipped with edge gripping devices, such as the rings 44 illustrated and described herein.
  • edge gripping devices such as the rings 44 illustrated and described herein.
  • the lands on one or both of the grooved rolls may be relatively yieldable or, indeed one of the rolls may be a plain cylinder of yieldable material, in which case the portions of the fabric web gripped by such yieldable material may receive stretching which is reasonably comparable with the stretching imparted to the ungripped portions extending between adjacent lands.
  • the textile material of the Web 10 may be wholly or in part of cellulosic fibers and specific examples of the treatment of such textiles will be given. However, certain benefits are achieved with other types of textiles, for example, containing synthetic or artificial fibers such as polyesters, polyamides, regenerated cellulose or cellulose derivatives.
  • the textile material may contain treating or finishing materials such as for example dyestuffs, colored or dyestuff-forming pigments, agents capable of reticulating (i.e. cross linking) the fibrous material, means for reducing the inter-molecular cohesion, such as for example swelling agents, moreover agents which influence the friction between the individual fibers. Therefore the elongation may for example be carried out in the presence of swelling agents and friction-increasing agents, so that sliding between the macromolecules that make up the fiber is favored, the slipping of fibers on each other is reduced.
  • the elongation treatment can be carried out above, below or at room temperature and when carried out in successive stages, certain treatments may be made between stages. While it is preferred to have the elongation substantially or exactly parallel with the thread system of the fabric, in certain cases it may be desirable to have the mechanical strain which effects the elongation exerted not exactly parallel to the thread system, for example in woven fabrics, but at an acute angle to it. In this case, for example for small area elongation in the woof direction, the angle between the warp and woof thread system in the fabric can be brought temporarily from deg. to an angle of for example 7585 deg. before the treatment by means of grooved cylinders, or the elongating device can be so fashioned that it exerts an elongation under a constant or variable angle relative to the thread system to be elongated.
  • the elongation treatment according to the invention can in principle be carried out during any stage of the finishing (which means between weaving and making-up operation). It can also be carried out before, during, between or after de-sizing, washing, bleaching, dyeing, swelling (for example caustic treatments in the case of cellulose fibers), finishing treatments, mechanical deformations, etc. Customarily however the elongation treatment will be carried out before any fixation treatments which aim at bringing about a certain permanent configuration of the flat product (or of the yarns and fibers) or wash-fast dimensional stabilization of the same by thermal fixation, compressive shrinkage and/or reticulation. In cellulose fibers for example a small area elongation is hardly effective after a permanent cross linking of the cellulose chains.
  • fixation treatments for example the fiber and yarn configuration
  • fixation treatments that is, to make them permanent.
  • the breaking load of material is to be increased or its dyestuff absorption reduced
  • the incorporation transfer can be completely or partly abolished. Examples will be listed later.
  • the elongation procedure according to the invention can also be used to free yarn intersections or fiber junctions which have become immobilized in previous treatments of textile products.
  • the elongation treatment according to the invention can moreover be used for the preparation of fiat products with accurately pie-determinable extensibility.
  • fiat textile products it is, for example, necessary to attune the extensibility of the plastic and that of the flat product to be used for the reinforcement accurately to each other, for only then can reinforcing effects be achieved at all.
  • the extensibility of the flat product must of course be uniform over the entire surface.
  • the small zone elongation according to the invention may also serve to achieve effects by elongating fibers in a strongly swelled state, such as they are customarily attainable only in the treatment of yarns.
  • cotton can be treated with lye having mercerization strength or with strong acids, and can be subjected to a small area elongation before and/or during and/or after the swelling. Since the elongation takes place parallel to the yarn or fiber axis one obtains effects which cannot be achieved with conventional procedures and devices, but can be in the treatment of individual fibers or yarns.
  • the small zone elongation according to the invention may take place in any state of finishing of the textile goods in question, expediently however before a fixation treatment which intends a more or less permanent fixation of the dimensions of the textile material and/ or the configuration of the yarns and fibers.
  • the small zone elongation according to the invention is preferably carried out over an entire area, but if desired may also occur only locally.
  • Sample a Small zone elongation in woof direction, superficial hydrolysis, dyeing
  • Dyeing With 3% (referred to weight of the goods) Disperse Blue 60 (Colour Index Prototype), dyestuif produced by the ICI, Manchester, England, 2 ml./l. 75 %ual. acetic acid and 5 gm./l. o-phenylphenol as carrier.
  • Disperse Blue 60 Cold Index Prototype
  • the samples a and c elongated in small zones showed a significantly deeper dye absorption than the analyogously treated samples b and d not elongated in advance.
  • the small zone elongation caused an increase in the tearing resistance in the elongated direction by 7% and an increase in width of 6%
  • the strength increase remained the same if a thermal fixation was performed after the elongation.
  • Sample a Small zone elongation, dyeing with dispersion dyes
  • Sample b Dyeing with dispersion dyes without small area elongation
  • Sample 0 Small zone elongation, dyeing with acid dyes.
  • Dyeing With dispersion dye, 2% Disperse Blue 60 (Colour Index Prototype), 4% acetic acid, 30 %ual., dye with boiling for 1 hour.
  • EXAMPLE C A cotton poplin (36/18 threads per French inch) was dried after the desizing, bleaching and dyeing to 40% residual moisture and subjected, without cooling (fabric temperature 80 deg.) to a small area elongation in the woof direction (cogged cylinders, elongation velocity 200% per second, elongation 80% of the breaking elongation).
  • the woof of the poplin consisted of a twine whose twine rotation corresponding almost completely to the rotation of the two individual yarns, but exhibited opposite direction of rotation. The elongation in small zones, during which the woof incorporation disappeared almost completely, whereas the incorporation of the warp increased, therefore was effective not only parallel to the yarn axis, but also extensively parallel to the fiber axis.
  • the material was subsequently dried.
  • the tearing resistance of the poplin rose by 25% in the woof direction due to the small zone elongation.
  • EXAMPLE D The sample poplin as in Example C was treated after the desizing and bleaching with lengthwise tension in lye having mercerization strength (30 deg. Beaume) whereby the elongation in small zones was carried out in 3 stages in the Woof direction by means of grooved cylinders after an action interval 'of 60 seconds. During the elongation the incorporation of the woof yarn disappeared-completely, that is the elongation in the lye-swelled state occurred parallel to the yarn axis and extensively parallel to the fiber axis. The material was subsequently washed out, neutralized and rinsed.
  • lye having mercerization strength (30 deg. Beaume)
  • the goods thus treated showed at least as good a mercerization lustre as goods which had been made of yarns mercerized on a yarn mercerizing machine.
  • the area obtained was 5% larger than in goods not elongated in small zones, but otherwise treated the same.
  • the process according to the invention when applied to fabrics containing cellulose enables (as opposed to known processes applying tension) stretching not only in the presence of crosslinking agents, i.e. immediately prior to or during crosslinking, but also stretching without any additional step during, after or prior to known treatments such as washing, bleaching, dyeing, caustic treatments and so on.
  • the textile material may be dried while maintaining substantially the dimensions obtained by stretching in the stretched direction and then crosslinked conventionally by padding in or applying the crosslinking solution, drying, again substantially maintaining the dimensions obtained by micro-length stretching, and curing.
  • stretching during crosslinking i.e. in the presence of the crosslinking agent is known to result in a stiff and boardy hand.
  • Micro-length stretching according to the invention may, however, also be carried out in the presence of the crosslinking agent, i.e. immediately prior to crosslinking-In every case substantially better mechanical properties, particularly better tensile and tearing strength are obtained.
  • the conditions applied during micro-length stretching of cotton materials for improving final tensile and tear strengths after crosslinking should be so adjusted to obtain an extension of the textile material in the direction to be stretched of at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, of the elongation at break, i.e. What the extension is when the same material is subjected in the same device to conditions under which it tears not only in one, but in many micro-length stretching areas.
  • the reduction of the extension at break (measured conventionally using strips) caused by microlength stretching, determined by measuring the extension at break immediately prior to and immediately after mirco-length stretching (without intermediate crosslinking treatment or other treatments affecting extension at break) should be at least 30%, preferably 50% or higher, if a substantial improvement of the tensile strength after crosslinking (as compared to material crosslinked conventionally in more or less slack state) is to be obtained.
  • the cotton textiles after micro-length stretching in wet state have been observed to have a tensile strength (measured wet or after drying, without crosslinking) of or more, higher than immediately before the stretching, determined under identical conditions.
  • wet treatments may be carried out after crosslinking in known manner, the material may be mechanically shrunk, or crosslinking may be carried out in several steps by first precrosslinking under tension and then stabilizing the dimensions obtained by a second crosslinking treatment.
  • Micro-length stretching may as mentioned above be applied to yarns or textile fabrics to the full extent or incrementally at any stage of textile processing or carried out (or be completed) during the crosslinking step, i.e. it may proceed in steps, stretching not being done in one but in several steps, which if desired may be separated by a lapse of time and processing treatments.
  • the same or different mechanical means may be used in different steps. It has for instance been found that less mechanical pull is re quired to obtain a given degree of elongation if the same material had been subjected to stretching to a similar extent at an earlier stage.
  • micro-length stretching may be preferably applied to cellulosic textile material which is in an at least slightly swollen state.
  • One may for instance subject the material to micro-length stretching after or during the usual wet treatments preceding crosslinking (bleaching, dyeing, mercerizing and so on) Without intermediate drying, i.e. in the presence of agents having a swelling action on cellulose fiber-s such as for instance water, caustics, acids or salt solutions.
  • micro-length stretching does not form part of the crosslinking treatment, but is applied exclusively at an earlier stage, then it is important either to avoid treatments between micro-length stretching and crosslinking which could affect the rearrangement of yarns, fibers and components thereof brought about by micro-length stretching or to repeat micro-length stretching.
  • the textile material may be subjected to conventional mechanical deformation such as embossing between plain or engraved bowls, which may be heated or cold, and the mechanical deformaiton may if desired be rendered fast to washing by the crosslinking step.
  • crosslinking (sometimes also referred to as reticulation) as it is used throughout the present application includes the step of increasing the intermolecular cohesion within the textile material after stretching, by
  • crosslinking agents As examples for crosslinking agents are mentioned:
  • Thermosetting resins of the reactant type (applied in the form of precondensates or components) obtainable from nitrogenous compounds containing amidic nitrogen (-CO-NH-) and monoor polyfunctional carbonyl compounds, particularly aldehydes (examples: reaction products from formaldehyde, glyoxal, acroleine and urea, cyclic alkylene ureas, ureins, triazones, or other heterocyclic compounds containing -NHCONH- groups): monomeric or polymeric crosslinking agents reacting through aldehyde groups, particularly aldehydes of low molecular weight such as those mentioned above, applied in free form or as derivatives such as acetals, enol ethers, polymers, which under the crosslinking conditions used are per as capable of crosslinking cellulose or giving off compounds capable of doing so; dior polyfunctional crosslinking agents containing epoxy-, isocyanate-, vinylsulfoor other vinyl compounds capable of reacting with
  • Crosslinking reactions caused by exposing the prestretched textile material to physical/chemical influences such as heat treatments, irradiation (high energy radiation), by substitution reactions, graft polymer formation, formation of polymers in situ or deposition of polymers within the fiber, are within the scope of the present application if such crosslinking treatments per se increase the elasticity of the cellulosic fibers (in dry state) and decrease its extensibility.
  • the crosslinking agent applied is a chemical compound, it may be applied as usual from solutions, disper sions of emulsions or from gas phase, crosslinking taking place after or during evaporation of volatile solvents (e.g. water), i.e. in a de-swollen or only slightly swollen state of the cellulose, or in the presence of swelling agents, i.e. when the cellulose is in a swollen state.
  • suitable catalytic agents may be used as mentioned above to increase the rate of the reaction.
  • micro-length stretching may-if it has not been completely carried out earlier, be effected or completed immediately prior to crosslinking. It is also possible to cause after a preliminary micro-length stretching treatment only partial crosslinking, i.e. a low degree of crosslinking, and to effect further crosslinking at a later stage, for instance after the material has been subjected to further stretching.
  • finishing treatments such as washing, paddingon of finishing agents, softeners, pigments, compressive shrinkage treatments and of course making-up may be carried out as usual.
  • a second crosslinking treatment may be effected after first crosslinking the stretched material under relatively mild conditions as to the concentration of the crosslinking agent and crosslinking conditions.
  • the stretching may be effected in several steps, with or without conventional finishing treatments between the several steps.
  • the crosslinking agents are applied near the final stretching step, either immediately before or immediately after the step.
  • the material may be mechanically deformed after the final stretching step, and the deformation may be rendered fast to washing by cross-linking.
  • the pitch of the ridges per inch was 0.177 (5.6 teeth/"), the penetration was set to give a degree of stretching of 9%.
  • the poplin had about the same width as before, but it had in warp direction grooves alternating with ridges, which when pulled out to flatten the surface gave a width of 98 cm. The fabric was then dried to that width.
  • the poplin then was subjected to a crosslinking treatment by padding in a bath containing 160 grams/liter of dimethylolpropylene urea, 14 grams/liter of zinc nitrate and 30 grams/liter of a polyethylene softener drying (the width of 98 cm. obtained by micro-length stretching was again maintained) and curing at 150 C. during 4 minutes.
  • Example 2a The fabric mentioned in Example 2a was crosslinked as described without having been subjected to micro-length stretching.
  • Example 1a A cotton poplin was subjected to micro-length stretching as described in Example 1a after the usual pretreatments, with degree of stretching being. 9.5% (width increase from 90 cm. to 98.5 cm.). After drying to the same width the poplin was slack mercerized (dimensions in warp direction unchanged, width decrease 8.5% sodium hydroxide B). After neutralizing, rinsing and drying to 91 cm. the cotton was crosslinked as described in Example 1a.
  • Example 3d The same poplin after being pretreated was slack mercerized as described in Example 3c, but after being neutralized it was dried to the maximum width obtained and then padded in the crosslinking bath mentioned in Example 1a. In wet state (i.e. in the presence of the' unreacted cross-linking agent) the fabric was then subjected to micro-length stretching as described in Example la, dried to the maximum Width obtained (degree of stretching 10%) and crosslinked under the conditions given in Example 1a.
  • a light-weight cotton fabric (cambric) after singeing, desizing, mercerizing and bleaching was padded in dry state in 140 g./l. of formaline (36% formaldehyde by weight), 24 g./l. of a metal salt catalyst and 30 g./l. of a non-ionic softener and without drying subjected to micro-length stretching in weft direction as described in Example 1a.
  • the width increase was 10 cm. (from 90 cm. to cm.), which was virtually maintained during subsequent drying (width 100.25).
  • Crosslinking was effected by heating to for 4 minutes.
  • the cotton fabric then was rinsed in slack state first in an alkaline, then in a neutral bath and dried (width 97 cm.) and subsequently compressively shrunk by mechanical means.
  • Example 5b To the same fabric the crosslinking formulation given in Example 5a was applied, and the fabric was jected to a micro-length stretching as described in Example la in wet state, and subsequently crosslinked in wet state according to Example 1 of the British patent specification 894,195. Still in wet state, it was subjected then subjected to a micro-length stretching treatment in 5 to a second length stretching treatment and crosslinked in weft direction in the presence of 40% water per weight dry state as described in Example la. of the fabric. The width obtained and maintained during (9b) The same poplin was crosslinked first in wet drying and curing was 98.5 cm. state, then in dry state as described in Example 9a, but
  • Example la Two strands of the fabric were, however, then was washed in rope form without tension, top run through the grooved rollers simultaneously one on softened and dried. top of the other.
  • the production rate in the stretching (10b) The same broadcloth was pretreated as usual step thus was doubled. 20 and then padded in a triazinone crosslinking agent (Fix- (7)
  • the cotton poplin mentioned in Example 1a was apret TM, Badische Aniliri and Sodafabrik, Ludwigshafen, subjected to micro-length stretching as follows: the Germany, 140 g./l.), 12 g./l.
  • Example 1a The fabric was then (pitch of grooves as stated in Example 1a) and an endin wet state subjected to micro-length stretching as deless rubber belt which by tensioning was pressed against scribed in Example la and dried, the width thereby being the grooved bowl and hence penetrated into its grooves. increased by 13.3% (from cm. to 102 cm.), curing The resulting degree of stretching was 8%. was effected at 140 for 4 minutes.
  • the fabric then was (8a) A cotton broadcloth was pretreated as usual rinsed and dried. and then subjected in wet state to micro-length stretching 10 The same broadcloth was crosslinked with as described in Example 1a.
  • the width increase was 10.5 3 Quaker Reactant 16 as described in Example 0 but cm. (from 84 cm. to 94.5 cm.).
  • the fabric was then Without any stretching treatment.
  • crosslinked in Swollen State y Padding in of (11a) A cotton poplin after the usual pretreatments Mykon Lubricant PB in Sulfuric acid, batching, stqring was subjected to micro-length stretching as described for 16 hours at room temperature, rinsing, neutrahzing in Example 1 in Wet State, dyedI again subjected to and y 35 micro-length stretching and dried again to the maximum (8b)
  • the same fabric was treated as described in width obtained by micro-length stretching.
  • Example 8a but micro-length stretching took place only The width increased from 90' to 9-8 cm.
  • the fabric then immediately after padding on the crosslinking solution. was crosslinked by applying g./l. dimethylol-ethylene The fabric was then flattened by stretching slightly, 40 urea, 14 g./l. magnesium nitrate and 25 g./l. of a poly batched, stored, neutralized and dried as in Example 8a. ethylene softener, drying to the width previously obtained (8c)
  • the same fabric was crosslinked in swollen state and curing for 3 minutes at as described in Example 8a, but without any stretching (11b)
  • the same poplin was pretreated, dyed and crosstreatment. linked as described in Example 11a, but without any (9a) A cotton was pretreated as usual, then submicro-length stretching.
  • the ability to vary the extent of inter digitation result of the crossing of the yarns in the textile material of the lands 36 and 38, for example, over a wide range is substantially pulled out of the yarns which extend in to produce differing degrees of stretch while still maintainthe direction of stretching and the wavy shape of the ing a firm grip on the outer, longitudinal edges of the web. yarns extending in the other direction is accentuated.
  • lengthwise tensioning f the f b i as is required for The apparatus disclosed in this specification is espe- 45 lengthwise stretching should not be applied to the fabric cially well adapted for stretching of fabrics in the manner at the time it is passing through the widthwise stretching discussed in the preceding paragraph. Referring ot FIG. 1 operation.
  • the lengthwise stretching may be performed by it should be pointed out that the textile web 10 need not any suitable means, for example by endless rubber belts be placed under longitudinal tension y greater n engaging opposite surfaces of the fabric and which are that required to feed it through the Pairs of grooved r0118 passed through the nip of opposed driven rolls.
  • the ubb r b lt are di t rted nd tret hed lengthpurpose. At least one of the grooved rolls in each pair wise thus stretching the fabric sandwiched therebetween. is driven and it is the rotation of such roll which serves to An example of fabric treatment as just described is advance the web through the pair of rolls.
  • the force as follows: developed for transverse stretching results from deflection (12) A cotton fabric (cambric) was Subjected to the of h h?
  • both cylinders Particular features of the elastically deformable rings 44 were driven and in turn drove the rubber bands. Due to are first, the ability which they provide for handling of the compression of the two rubber bands there set in a webs of various widths. In this respect the rings 44 may surface enlargement in the running direction of the rubber a b c Tensile strength (untreated) (kg):
  • apparatus for effecting micro-length stretching of webs of material transversely of the length of said webs comprising at least first and second pairs of cylindrical rolls, each of said rolls having a series of circumferentially extending axially spaced grooves and lands, means mounting each pair of said rolls in parallel intermeshing relation so that the lands of one roll extend into the grooves of the other roll in spaced relation thereto, adjustable means for each pair of rolls for moving the rolls radially relative to one another to establish the desired amount of extension of the lands into the grooves of the rolls, means gripping longitudinally extending spaced parallel zones of said Web as the web moves between the nip of the rolls of each pair, and means for rotating said rolls at a predetermined angular rate in a direction to advance the Web through the nip of the rolls to effect a predetermined elongation velocity and in a manner to maintain a minimum tension on the web in a longitudinal direction, means for transferring said web from said first pair of intermeshing rolls to said second pair of intermeshing rolls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US877670A 1962-07-06 1969-11-18 Apparatus for stretching fabrics Expired - Lifetime US3624874A (en)

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CH819562A CH419043A (de) 1962-07-06 1962-07-06 Verfahren zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von mindestens teilweise aus Cellulosefasern bestehenden textilen Flächengebilden

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CH (1) CH419043A (da)
DE (1) DE1460703C3 (da)
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3857261A (en) * 1973-08-27 1974-12-31 Riggs & Lombard Inc Textile scouring range
US4087226A (en) * 1975-05-23 1978-05-02 F. B. Mercer Limited Stretching webs of sheet material
US4336638A (en) * 1975-05-23 1982-06-29 Netlon Limited Apparatus for stretching plastic webs
EP0077311A2 (en) * 1981-10-12 1983-04-20 Karl-Otto Geweniger Apparatus for drying, stretching, softening and remoistening strip-shaped pieces of material
US4806300A (en) * 1985-12-09 1989-02-21 Richard R. Walton Method for softening a nonwoven web
US5041255A (en) * 1989-07-31 1991-08-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Softening and bulking stitchbonded fabrics
US5130752A (en) * 1989-05-24 1992-07-14 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Transfer device with a ribbed guiding member
US5271131A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-21 Jacumin Jimmy R Continuous fabric detwister
US5366782A (en) * 1992-08-25 1994-11-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Polymeric web having deformed sections which provide a substantially increased elasticity to the web
US20050140057A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2005-06-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus and method for deforming sheet material
US20050147802A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2005-07-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
WO2006079578A1 (de) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-03 Benninger Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln einer breitgestreckten, textilen warenbahn
EP1982823A3 (en) * 2007-04-19 2009-03-18 Fameccanica.Data S.p.A. Process and device for treating web material
US8087131B1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2012-01-03 Yuan-Long Cheng Stretching assembly for cloth
US9469091B2 (en) 2012-08-08 2016-10-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making extensible web laminates
US20200331189A1 (en) * 2010-07-08 2020-10-22 Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems, Inc. Apparatus for preforming at least a portion of a material

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3857261A (en) * 1973-08-27 1974-12-31 Riggs & Lombard Inc Textile scouring range
US4087226A (en) * 1975-05-23 1978-05-02 F. B. Mercer Limited Stretching webs of sheet material
US4336638A (en) * 1975-05-23 1982-06-29 Netlon Limited Apparatus for stretching plastic webs
EP0077311A2 (en) * 1981-10-12 1983-04-20 Karl-Otto Geweniger Apparatus for drying, stretching, softening and remoistening strip-shaped pieces of material
EP0077311A3 (en) * 1981-10-12 1984-08-29 Karl-Otto Geweniger Process and apparatus for drying, stretching, softening and remoistening strip-shaped pieces of material
US4806300A (en) * 1985-12-09 1989-02-21 Richard R. Walton Method for softening a nonwoven web
US5130752A (en) * 1989-05-24 1992-07-14 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Transfer device with a ribbed guiding member
US5041255A (en) * 1989-07-31 1991-08-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Softening and bulking stitchbonded fabrics
US5271131A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-21 Jacumin Jimmy R Continuous fabric detwister
US5366782A (en) * 1992-08-25 1994-11-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Polymeric web having deformed sections which provide a substantially increased elasticity to the web
US7039990B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2006-05-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US20050147802A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2005-07-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US6938309B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2005-09-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US20050140057A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2005-06-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus and method for deforming sheet material
US7198742B2 (en) 2003-12-30 2007-04-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus and method for deforming sheet material
WO2006079578A1 (de) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-03 Benninger Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln einer breitgestreckten, textilen warenbahn
EP1688523A1 (de) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-09 Benninger AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer breitgestreckten, textilen Warenbahn
EP1982823A3 (en) * 2007-04-19 2009-03-18 Fameccanica.Data S.p.A. Process and device for treating web material
US20200331189A1 (en) * 2010-07-08 2020-10-22 Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems, Inc. Apparatus for preforming at least a portion of a material
US11780151B2 (en) * 2010-07-08 2023-10-10 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Apparatus for preforming at least a portion of a material
US8087131B1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2012-01-03 Yuan-Long Cheng Stretching assembly for cloth
US9469091B2 (en) 2012-08-08 2016-10-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making extensible web laminates

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH419043A (de) 1967-02-28
DE1460703B2 (de) 1975-08-28
DE1460703A1 (de) 1969-09-18
NL147206B (nl) 1975-09-15
GB1036752A (en) 1966-07-20
SE303122B (da) 1968-08-19
DE1460703C3 (de) 1978-09-14
AT251536B (de) 1967-01-10
NL294912A (da)
CH819562A4 (da) 1966-02-28

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