US362257A - Process of depositing iridium and product of the same - Google Patents
Process of depositing iridium and product of the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US362257A US362257A US362257DA US362257A US 362257 A US362257 A US 362257A US 362257D A US362257D A US 362257DA US 362257 A US362257 A US 362257A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iridium
- solution
- product
- same
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 60
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 26
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 8
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- FZTWZIMSKAGPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphide(3-) Chemical compound [P-3] FZTWZIMSKAGPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001464 adherent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HLLSOEKIMZEGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dibutylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 HLLSOEKIMZEGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNQCUTNLHUQZLR-VNPYQEQNSA-N Iridin Natural products O(C)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C(c3cc(OC)c(OC)c(O)c3)=COc2cc1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1 LNQCUTNLHUQZLR-VNPYQEQNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;hydron;hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].O VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- LNQCUTNLHUQZLR-OZJWLQQPSA-N iridin Chemical compound OC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C=2C(C3=C(O)C(OC)=C(O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)C=C3OC=2)=O)=C1 LNQCUTNLHUQZLR-OZJWLQQPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/50—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
Definitions
- the object of this invention is to obtain a bright, flexible, adherent, ceremoniesne deposit of iridium upon metallic surfaces, for the purpose of ornament and protection of such surface from wear and corrosion.
- This object I accomplish by the battery process by the means hereinafter described.
- the solution of the double chloride of iridium and sodium I prefer to prepare as follows: The hydrate of iridium is dissolved in the least possible quantity of hydrochloric acid and evaporated in a water bath to expel the excess of acid. The residue is then dissolved in water and an amount of sodium chloride is added sufficient to combine with all of the chloride of iridium present to form the double salt. The solution is then diluted to the required amount, so as to contain about two ounces of metal to each gallon of liquid. The required amount of sulphuric acid is then added, and
- the solution is ready for the electro-deposition.
- the solution of the double chloride of iridium and ammonium I prefer to prepare as follows: The hydrate of iridium is dissolved in the least possible quantity of hydrochloric acid and carefully neutralized with ammonium hydrate. It is then acidulatcd with sulphuric acid until all of the precipitate produced by the ammonium hydrateis dissolved,and finally diluted with water until each gallon of the liquid contains about two ounces of the metal. The solution is then ready for work when acidified, as before mentioned.
- iridium when I speak of iridium I mean the iridium of commerce, or the metal as found in its natural state, whether pure or alloyed with other metals.
- the phosphide of iridium referred to is the product of the Holland process, which is iridium combined with a portion of the phospho rus used in the process of fusingit, as described in Patent No. 240,216, of May 10, 1881.
- the plating is hard and practically non-corrodible. It is not attacked by acids, except, of course, those in which finely-divided iridium is soluble.
- a solution for electroplating with iridium consisting of an aqueous solution of the double chloride of iridium and sodium, or the double chloride of iridium and ammonium, said solution containing about two ounces of the metal to the gallon, and acidified with about one-half ounce of sulphuric acid to the gallon.
- a metallic article having a coating of compact, coherent, tenacious, ficxibleiridium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
WILLIAM L. DUDLEY, OF COVINGTON, KENTUCKY, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN IRIDIUM COMPANY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.
PROCESS OF DEPOSITING IRIDIUM AND PRODUCT OF THE SAME.
EPBCIPICATION forming part. of Letters Patent No. 362,257, dated May 3, 1887. 1 Application filed February 1, 1883 Serial No. 83,717. (Specimens) To aZZ whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that I, WILLIAM L. DUDLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at 00vington, in the county of Kenton and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electro- Deposition of Iridium of which the following is a'specification.
The object of this invention is to obtain a bright, flexible, adherent, reguline deposit of iridium upon metallic surfaces, for the purpose of ornament and protection of such surface from wear and corrosion. This object I accomplish by the battery process by the means hereinafter described.
. Prior to my invention all efforts to obtain an elcctro-deposition of iridium have only resulted in a black powdery deposit which is of no practical use in the arts. I have succeeded in obtaining a bright, flexible reguline deposit, by which I am enabled to plate the different metals with an adherent coating. The salts of iridium which I employ in the electro-deposition of the metal may be made by any of the well-known methods.
Iuse either an aqueous solution of the double chloride of iridium and sodium or of the double chloride of iridium and ammonium, containing about two ounces of metallic iridin m to the gallon, and acidified with" about onehalf an ounce of sulphuric acid to the gallon.
The solution of the double chloride of iridium and sodium I prefer to prepare as follows: The hydrate of iridium is dissolved in the least possible quantity of hydrochloric acid and evaporated in a water bath to expel the excess of acid. The residue is then dissolved in water and an amount of sodium chloride is added sufficient to combine with all of the chloride of iridium present to form the double salt. The solution is then diluted to the required amount, so as to contain about two ounces of metal to each gallon of liquid. The required amount of sulphuric acid is then added, and
the solution is ready for the electro-deposition.
The solution of the double chloride of iridium and ammonium I prefer to prepare as follows: The hydrate of iridium is dissolved in the least possible quantity of hydrochloric acid and carefully neutralized with ammonium hydrate. It is then acidulatcd with sulphuric acid until all of the precipitate produced by the ammonium hydrateis dissolved,and finally diluted with water until each gallon of the liquid contains about two ounces of the metal. The solution is then ready for work when acidified, as before mentioned.
From both of these solutions Ihave obtained a thick, bright, and reguline deposit of iridium; and I have found that a plate of iridium or phosphide of iridium, if used as an anode,will dissolve in these solutions while the current is passing.
As in electroplating with other metals, it is essential, to obtain good results, that the articles to be plated should be perfectly clean. A brighter and smoother deposit is obtained if the articles are highly polished before they are introduced into the iridium bath.
In plating articles which are readily attacked by the solution it is of course desirable to first coat them with some metal not appreciably affected by such solutions.
In the deposition of iridium from any of its solutions it is necessary to avoid battery-power of too great intensity; and in case the inten- V sity be too great, it can be recognized by the deposit becoming dark and powdery, and also by an excessive evolution of gas from the surface of the anode and cathode. In managing the solution, alkalinity should be avoided, although neutral solutions may be employed; but acid solutions are preferred.
During deposition, where a thick deposit is required, it may be found necessary to remove the articles from the solution from time to time, and to wipe them in case the deposit should have a tendency to become'black; but this blackness may be avoided by proper manipulation of the solution and battery-power, and also by proper cleansing of the articles. It is also found that when the articles to be plated are kept in gentle motion during deposition the deposit will take place faster and be brighter and thicker than if they are allowed to remain stationary.
I do not claim that the plating produced by my process will resist the action of acids which will dissolve finely-divided iridium, for a coating of metal produced by eleetro-deposition is 100 but a net-work of the metal in a finely-divided state.
It should be understood that when I speak of iridium I mean the iridium of commerce, or the metal as found in its natural state, whether pure or alloyed with other metals. The phosphide of iridium referred to is the product of the Holland process, which is iridium combined with a portion of the phospho rus used in the process of fusingit, as described in Patent No. 240,216, of May 10, 1881.
The plating is hard and practically non-corrodible. It is not attacked by acids, except, of course, those in which finely-divided iridium is soluble.
Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. The process of keeping the solution saturated with the metal during the operation of ingot of the phosphide of iridium,
2. A solution for electroplating with iridium, as hereinbefore set forth, consisting of an aqueous solution of the double chloride of iridium and sodium, or the double chloride of iridium and ammonium, said solution containing about two ounces of the metal to the gallon, and acidified with about one-half ounce of sulphuric acid to the gallon.
3. For the electro-deposition of iridium in a reguline state, the process herein described, which consists in preparing an acidified solution of a salt of iridium, then depositing the metal by the aid of a battery with an anode of phosphide of iridium and a suitable cathode for electroplating.
4. A metallic article having a coating of compact, coherent, tenacious, ficxibleiridium.
WILLIAM L. IiUDLEY,
Witnesses:
GEO. J. MURRAY, J AOOB J. Gnssnn'r.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US362257A true US362257A (en) | 1887-05-03 |
Family
ID=2431291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US362257D Expired - Lifetime US362257A (en) | Process of depositing iridium and product of the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US362257A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3109792A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Method of preparing phosphine |
| US3109787A (en) * | 1959-07-31 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Production of phosphine |
| US3207680A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1965-09-21 | Elizabeth L Macnamara | Method of electrodepositing iridium |
-
0
- US US362257D patent/US362257A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3109787A (en) * | 1959-07-31 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Production of phosphine |
| US3109792A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Method of preparing phosphine |
| US3207680A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1965-09-21 | Elizabeth L Macnamara | Method of electrodepositing iridium |
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