Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
  • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
  • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
  • G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
  • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
  • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
  • G03C5/30—Developers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to photolithographic processing. More particularly, it relates to improved silver halide developers having surfactants therein which produce superior dot quality.
• A. Schaeffer, US. Pat. No. 2,000,353 teaches a method of introducing the photographic material to a bath containing organic wetting agents such as sodium benzylnaphthalene sulfonate prior to development. Addition of certain surfactants to the developer has proven most effective in facilitating good dot quality" and image sharpness. Surfactants may be added to the emulsion or separated between the same and the developer to improve coating quality.
• Levy, US. Pat. No. 3,238,043, describes a separation system using a viscous developing solution of materials such as sodium polyacrylate and sodium heptadecyl sulfate and water-soluble, high molecular weight polymers of ethylene oxide.
• Said dot quality is the production of halftone dots having high density and well defined image sharpness.
• the processed samples are evaluated through microscopic observations and rated subjectively on a numerical scale from I to 4 ofdiminishing quality wherein 1.0 is excellent and 4.0 is unacceptably poor.
• the present invention involves a processing system wherein the cofunctioning surfactants have been eliminated from the emulsion and placed in the developer. And it is in accordance with the basic kinetics of this process that the instant invention discloses a system which will facilitate production of superior halftone dot quality, increase speed, and eliminate any undesirable discoloration.
• An aqueous hydroquinone or substituted hydroquinone developer comprising, per liter of working strength solution, 0.2 4.0 grams of an anionic alkyl sulfate having between eight and carbon atoms in combination with 0.25 and 5.0 grams of a nonionic polyethylene oxide surfactant having at least two ethylene oxide groups.
• Said anionic and nonionic combination which may be admixed with various conventional lithographic developers is capable of rendering the same more efficient.
• the new developers which are employed in accordance with this invention are members of the lithographic developer family. More specifically the developers described herein are of the hydroquinone or substituted hydroquinone classes having high pH and certain surfactants added to appreciably affect film characteristics such as speed, dot quality, and image color. Said surfactants, 0.2 to 4.0 grams of an anionic alkyl sulfate and 0.25 to 5.0 grams of a nonionic polyethylene oxide surfactant per liter of working strength solution cofunction in the development process.
• the anionic alkyl sulfate has the general formula, ROSO M is a suitably soluble, alkali metal such as potassium, lithium or preferably sodium, wherein, R, the alkyl group, may be a saturated or unsaturated straight or branched chain. Said alkyl groups may be from eight to 20 carbon atoms. Saturated compounds such as sodium dodecyl (lauryl), tridecyl, tetradecyl sulfates through and include sodium eicosyl sulfate fall into this category. Those sodium or potassium alkyl sulfates having an unsaturated aliphatic chain would include compounds such as sodium and potassium oleyl sulfate.
• Development additives of the polyethylene oxide class disclosed herein would include those compounds having the general formula RO(CH Cl-I O),,CH CH OH where n may be 2 or more, R represents an alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl group, and Cl-I Cl-I O is the functional group. Said alkyl groups may or may not be saturated or substituted.
• the polyethylene oxide surface active compounds of the type described herein include the condensation products formed by reaction of ethylene oxide with alcohol, soluble phenols, alkyl phenols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides and also urethanes formed from polyethylene oxides or glycol.
• Condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain carboxylic acids R-CO-(OC- l-I,),,OH, where R-CO is an acyl radical of a fatty acid such as lauric, palmitic, oleic, stearic, etc. and n is 2 to 450 are useful.
• Preferred developer concentrations in grams per liter of working strength solution are as follows:
• the halftone sensitometer is comprised of a small vacuum frame so constructed that a 4 glass step wedge and a surfactants were prepared for developability tests using the aforementioned samples and controls.
• L is excellent 2.0 is good 3.0 is acceptable 4.0 or more is unacceptable or poor.
• This scale is used for all 50 percent dots (midtones) and I0 and 90 percent dots (shadow and highlights). Decimals are used to allow for estimates of intermediate quality.
• Litho Sample 3 100 Good Acceptable... Poor. Litho sample (no 4 Compound Anionic... 1.0 207 ...do Excellent... Good.
• a lithographic silver halide developer solution comprising an aqueous developer solution containing hydroquinone or a substituted hydroquinone and the following ingredients:
• a developer solution according to claim I, wherein said surfactant is isooctylphenyl polyoxyethanol.
• the surfactants are excluded from the system entirely, a combination of the two surfactants provided good speed, dot quality, and image color.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)

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Cited By (9)

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Citations (3)

• 1969
  • 1969-12-19 US US889864A patent/US3622330A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1970
  • 1970-12-16 DE DE2061844A patent/DE2061844C2/de not_active Expired

Patent Citations (3)

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