Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
  • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
  • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
  • C06B21/005—By a process involving melting at least part of the ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
  • C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
  • C06B23/003—Porous or hollow inert particles

Definitions

• the reduction in density can be effected by incorporating into the starting components, porous, voluminous or air-containing materials.
• the solidification of the. resulting compositions is thereafter carried out by incorporating into the above starting components a suitable binding agent, varying the working pressure in the forming of the bodies, or suitably regulating the sintering conditions.
• the resultant bodies are characterized by their reduced densities and therewith reduced detonation speeds and by their high-mechanical strengths.
• This invention relates to molded explosive bodies having variable detonation speeds within a defined range. More particularly this invention relates to homogeneous explosive bodies with high mechanical strengths molded in any desired shape having detonation speeds which can be adjusted as desired to values of between 1500 m./s. and the maximum detonation speed of the specific explosive composition involved.
• Another possibility proposed for reducing the detonation speed is the reduction of the density of the explosive body by inclusion therein ofair spaces. This is accomplished, for example, by compressing the explosives at different pressures. The compression effects a reduction of the density, but at the same time it produces a diminution of the mechanical strength of the resultant body, so that the density can be reduced in this manner only down to a certain limit. This in itself constitutes a considerable disadvantage.
• Another object of the invention is to provide molded explosive bodies having reduced densities and therewith reduced detonation speeds characterized by high mechanical strengths.
• a further object of the invention is to provide a process for producing molded homogeneous explosive bodies of the type described.
• explosive molded bodies having variable detonation speeds within a defined range, which are characterized in that in addition to the explosive agents, they contain porous, voluminous or aircontaining materials.
• the molded bodies according to the invention having the necessary strength characteristics and which are possessed of the required homogeneity can be prepared without the danger that the components of the mixture will separate out by heating a homogeneous mixture of the explosive and density reducing components to close to the melting point of the explosive component.
• a suitable sintering temperature can be selected by the addition of a sinterable substance that may also be of an explosive nature.
• An alternate method for solidifying the molded bodies according to the invention consists in adding a hardenable plastic or adhesive to the mixture of explosive and density reducing components and allowing the resultant compositions to set rather than using the sintering process.
• the manufacture of the molded bodies is carried out, for example, by uniformly mixing the porous, voluminous, or air-containing materials with a binding agent and the explosive in finely powdered form, it being desirable in this connection for the grain size of the explosive to equal the grain size of the other components, since otherwise the danger that the components will become separated in the mixture exists.
• the mixture is then put into a mold which is closed with a plunger and pressed.
• the pressure employed ranges preferably between 0.1 and l kg./cm. though it may be lower or higher. To achieve bodies of equal volume and hence of equal density, the movement of the plunger can be limited while the same quantity is always charged.
• the sintering temperature depends on the purity of the fusible explosive component used, or the melting point of the eutectic mixture if mixtures are used.
• the sintering temperature can also be raised albove the melting point if the percentage of the component or mixture thereof that is to be melted, (i.e., the amount of fusible mixture of explosive) is so low that no separation of the mixture takes place.
• the most important sintering explosive involved is trinitrotoluene (TNT).
• explosives or explosive mixtures can also be advantageously used which are still sufficiently stable at their melting temperature and which do not tend to undergo separation.
• the pressure in the sintering process amounts preferably to 0.1 to l kp./cm. though it may be higher or lower.
• the explosives which can be used according to the invention include, for example:
• Aromatic nitro substances such as trinitrobenzene
• Nitramines such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (hexogen), trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (octogen ethylenedinitramine.
• Nitrosamines such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitrosaminc.
• Nitric acid esters such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate.
• the materials which consist of individual gas-filled hollow bodies, such as microbubbles (hollow spheres of phenolic or urea resin), and closed-pore foam plastic.
• porous materials there are intended the substances which are filled with fine airspaces, but whose openings to the surface of the particles are nevertheless so small that viscous liquids (for instance, adhesives cannot appreciably penetrate therein.
• voluminous materials there are suitable those substances having a large surface area and a low bulk weight, as for example, wood flour and cork flour.
• binding agents which are suitable for use herein include:
• Adhesives dissolved in water or an organic solvent, whereby the setting takes place by the evaporation of the solvent, including glue, dextrine, polychlorobutadiene, polyvinyl acetate, and other like compounds.
• Inorganic binding agents to which water is added and which set as a result of the addition of water for instance, plaster of Paris, Portland cement, magnesium cement, minium-glycerin cement, and other like mixtures.
• the explosive molded bodies obtained by the process of the invention have such great strength that they can after their production be subjected to mechanical working.
• systems can be formed which form a shock wave front of any desired shape when they are detonated.
• the percentage of air-containing materials and/or porous materials and/or voluminous materials in the molded explosive bodies is 0,1 to 40 percent, preferably 1 to 30 percent based on the explosive composition.
• the binding agents cited sub 0) are used in an amount of 2 to 40 percent, preferably 5 to 25 percent based on the explosive composition.
• the binding agents cited sub b) are used in an amount of 4 TABLE 1 to 35 percent, preferably 10 to 25 percent based on the explosive composition.
• Example 5 6 7 EXAMPLES 1-4 5 Ammonium nitrate (wt-q 85 77 74
• Examples l-4 describe the manufacture of molded explo- 'f -8 14 13 sive bodies using the sintering method which has been set out r fgg gj iijxgf" 5 9 above, in which the explosive itself serves as the binding agent. 10
• Vegetable not" wt-m l3 Trinitrotoluene was used as the explosive.
• Microbubbles havy. el 0.8 0.85 H ing a diameter of 0.005 to 0.15 mm.
• Ara1dit Synthetlc glue made from ethoxylin resins (cold setting twocomponent plastic).
• Adhesin Polyvinyl acetate.
• Pattex Contact cement made from polychlorobutadienc plus resins and organic solvents.
• UHU All-purpose cement (polyvinyl resin plus solvent).
• EXAMPLES 5-7 EXAMPLES 8-20 Examples 8-10 and 14-20 describe the manufacture of the molded explosive bodies using a binding agent which sets without heating.
• binding agent include adhesives sold under the trade names Araldit, Adhesin," Pattex and UHU,” as well a plaster of Paris and Portland cement. (The trade names are more precisely defined in the following summary.)
• Examples 1 l-l3 are specifically concerned with the manufacture of the molded explosive bodies using the sintering process, in which an inert compound without properties of an explosive serves as the binding agent.
• a process of manufacturing a homogeneous, high strength, molded explosive body having a predetermined detonation speed comprising admixing particles of a meltable explosive and of a density reducing material in proportions to give said detonation speed, sintering the admixture by heating the same while confined in a mold form to a temperature close to but below the melting temperature of that component of said meltable explosive having the lowest melting point, cooling the thus heated admixture and removing it from said mold form, said meltable explosive being selected from the group consisting of aromatic nitro compounds, nitraamines, nitrosamines, nitric acid esters and ammonium nitrate, and said density reducing material consisting of a finely porous, voluminous inert ingredient having a large surface area and a low-bulk weight.
• meltable explosive is trinitrotoluenev 3.
• a homogeneous, high strength, molded, explosive body having a predetermined detonation speed comprising a sintered mixture of particles ofa meltable explosive and ofa density reducing material, said meltable explosive being selected from the group consisting of aromatic nitro compounds, nitraamines, nitrosamines, nitric acid esters and ammonia nitrate and said density reducing material consisting of a finely porous, voluminous, inert ingredient having a large surface area and low-bulk weight.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7055493

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (11)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (8)

• 1967
  • 1967-09-13 DE DE1646283A patent/DE1646283C3/de not_active Expired
• 1968
  • 1968-09-09 BE BE720588D patent/BE720588A/xx unknown
  • 1968-09-11 LU LU56858D patent/LU56858A1/xx unknown
  • 1968-09-11 NO NO3582/68A patent/NO119717B/no unknown
  • 1968-09-12 NL NL6813037A patent/NL6813037A/xx unknown
  • 1968-09-12 CA CA029897A patent/CA919435A/en not_active Expired
  • 1968-09-12 US US759501A patent/US3619306A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (8)

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