US3615362A - Slagging in top blown converters - Google Patents

Slagging in top blown converters Download PDF

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US3615362A
US3615362A US799318A US3615362DA US3615362A US 3615362 A US3615362 A US 3615362A US 799318 A US799318 A US 799318A US 3615362D A US3615362D A US 3615362DA US 3615362 A US3615362 A US 3615362A
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slag
percent
bath
iron
sulfide
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John Stuart Warner
Paul Etienne Queneau
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Huntington Alloys Corp
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International Nickel Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/025—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of a matte or by matte refining or converting into nickel or cobalt, e.g. by the Oxford process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
    • C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
    • C22B15/0041—Bath smelting or converting in converters
    • C22B15/0043—Bath smelting or converting in converters in rotating converters

Definitions

  • Nonferrous mattes containing iron are treated to slag iron therefrom.
  • a bath of the matte is established and the iron content thereof is lowered to about 10 percent.
  • a turbulent bath of the matte is treated with an oxygentransfer slag containing about 25% to 35% SiO- and 5% to 35% Fe O while surface blowing the slag with a free-oxygencontaining gas to lower the iron content of the matte to less than about 1 percent.
  • the final stages of iron removal are conducted at temperatures in excess of about been lowered to less than about SLAGGING lN TOP BLOWN CUNVTIERS
  • the present invention relates to the treatment of nonferrous mattes and sulfide ores or ore concentrates to remove iron therefrom, and more particularly to the pyrometallurgical treatment of nonferrous mattes and sulfide ores or ore concentrates to oxidize and remove iron by slagging.
  • Manhess Since the inception of Manhess basic concept it has been applied as standard practice, e.g., the Peirce-Smith converter. No radical departures from Manhess process have occurred, such changes as have been made being in the areas of furnace refractory selection, size and shape, tuyere design, and choice of flux materials.
  • Manhes's device has been the workhorse of the nonferrous industry, as exemplified by copper and nickel practice, it has a number of significant shortcomings. These are inherent in its limited operational capabilities relating to gas-liquid-solid contact, introduction of gases having high oxidizing potentials and temperature control.
  • the steep temperature gradients are characterized by undesired high temperatures in the tuyere zone and objectionably low temperatures at locations remote therefrom. Localized high temperatures near the submerged gas inlets accelerate refractory and tuyere wear and unduly low temperatures elsewhere contribute to precipitation of magnetite which increases metal loss in slag and can lower converter capacity by the build up of accretions on the lining. The loss of nonferrous metal values to the slag is a serious problem requiring treatment of all of the slag for recovery purposes.
  • FIGURE is an equilibrium diagram depicting the liquidus relationships in the ternary system of F e O -F eO-SiO at those temperatures which are of interest in slagging iron from nonferrous sulfides.
  • the present invention contemplates a process for slagging iron from sulfide materials containing iron and at least one nonferrous metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper and cobalt.
  • the process comprises providing a turbulent bath of a sulfide material which contains less than about percent iron; providing and maintaining a liquid slag substantially saturated with silica to lower the chemical potential of FeO and the potential for precipitation of solid magnetite in contact with the turbulent bath; surface blowing the slag with a free-oxygen-containing gas to maintain the slag oxidizing to iron contained in the turbulent bath whereby the slag selectively oxidizes iron in the turbulent sulfide bath to FeO, which FeO is then dissolved in the slag; maintaining the sulfide bath and slag in a state of turbulence for good liquid-liquid contact so that concentration gradients within each phase are minimized and so that any oxidized nonferrous metals in the slag can be reduced by the iron in the bath and
  • sulfide materials which can be treated in accordance with the process of the present invention, will contain more than about 10 percent iron.
  • These materials can be treated by surface blowing the turbulent bath of the sulfide material with a free-oxygen-containing gas to oxidize iron in the bath; providing and maintaining a liquid slag substantially saturated with silica to lower the chemical potential of FeO and the potential for precipitation of solid magnetite over and in contact with the turbulent sulfide bath at least when the iron content of the turbulent sulfide bath has been lowered to less than about 10 percent so that the free-oxygen-containing gas maintains the slag oxidizing to :iron contained in the turbulent sulfide bath whereby the slag selectively oxidizes iron in the turbulent sulfide bath to FeO, which FeO is then dissolved in the slag; maintaining the sulfide bath and slag in the state of turbulence so that concentration gradients within each phase are minimized and so that any oxidized
  • Sulfide materials containing iron and at least one nonferrous value selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper and cobalt in the form of matter, ores or ore concentrates can be treated in accordance with the process of the present invention. Although most generally the process will be applied to copper, copper-nickel or nickel mattes and sulfide ores and ore concentrates the process can also be employed to treat sulfidic materials containing lead with appropriate changes in the temperatures and slag compositions being made. Furthermore, oxide ores which contain any of the foregoing nonferrous metals and which have been sulfided to produce a sulfide intermediate or matte can also be treated in accordance with the present invention.
  • scrap containing metal values can be treated in accordance with the process of the present invention, e.g., by its direct addition to the sulfide bath.
  • the materials often contain sulfur in amounts sufficient to combine with all the iron as well as all the nonferrous metals, but synthetically produced mattes, in which the amount of sulfur can be insufficient to combine with all of the iron, can be treated in accordance with the process of the present invention.
  • a rotating cylindrical furnace which is lined with a suitable refractory, is employed for slagging.
  • the rotating furnaces can be mounted substantially horizontally, it is advantageous to have the rotating furnace inclined along its longitudinal axis to provide even greater turbulence.
  • the cylindrical furnace is advantageously closed at one end to maximize its thermal efficiency and the other end is provided with a lance for surface blowing the sulfide bath or slag with a free-oxygen-containing gas, a burner to vary operating temperatures and atmosphere composition and a hood to collect off-gases.
  • the term "surface blowing as used herein refers to the technique of introducing gas into the sulfide bath or into the slag by tuyereless blowing from above the upper surface of the bath or slag and does not necessarily imply the stream of gas does not penetrate the upper surface of the bath or slag.
  • the furnace is provided with rotating means so that it can be rotated at speeds which provide the desired bath turbulence.
  • the turbulence enhances heat transfer, increases the overall rate of the chemical reactions, minimizes compositional gradients within each phase, and significantly reduces diffusion barriers between the slag and the sulfide phasei.
  • Other furnace designs can be employed but such furnaces must be provided with means for delivering the gas to the slag and must also provide the desired agitation by mechanical, electromechanical or other suitable means.
  • An important feature of the present invention is the tuyereless introduction of oxygen to the molten sulfide bath, particularly when the iron content of the sulfide bath is below about percent when oxygen is introduced via the slag. Since submerged tuyeres are not employed and the bath is independently maintained in a turbulent condition, gases with highfree-oxygen contents such as commercial oxygen and oxygenenriched air can be employed without encountering the problems often associated with refractory wear in the submerged tuyere. Introduction of oxygen to the molten sulfide bath through the siliceous slag, particularly when the iron content of the sulfide bath is less than about 10 percent, provides slags with lower nonferrous values than heretofore realized in conventional practice.
  • the more selective nature of these oxygen-transfer slags is of particular importance when the iron content of mattes is below about 10 percent since the chemical potential of iron in the matte is decreasing while the chemical potential of more oxidizable nonferrous metals such as cobalt approach the chemical potential of iron with the result that high-oxygen potentials become less selective and such nonferrous metals are oxidized and lost to the slag.
  • any FeO generated is produced at the slag-matte interface where it can be quickly taken into solution by the slag with reduced likelihood of further oxidation.
  • the greater efficiency of the converting operation may also be explained in terms of the chemical potential of oxygen in the slag in that since the oxidation process via the slag is more selective, little solid magnetite, which endothermically and only sluggishly reacts with iron in the matte, is formed in the matte.
  • iron dissolved in the slag in the ferrous state is partially oxidized to the ferric state during treatment with the free-oxygen-containing gas which ferric iron is the effective oxygen carrier and that the sulfide phase, which is maintained in a state of agitation or turbulence, is oxidized by the ferric iron in the slag at the slagsulfide bath interface.
  • the chemical character of the slag will exert a great influence on both the efficiency and extent of the oxidation and slagging of iron from the sulfide phase.
  • ferric iron dissolves in the slag is the efi'ective oxygen carrier and that the slag should contain sufficient ferric iron to oxidize iron sulfide in the matte.
  • sulfur dioxide is evolved and equilibrium calculations which show evolution of high (superatmospheric) partial pressures of sulfur dioxide indicate that the reaction is highly favorable whereas low partial pressures suggest the reaction is highly unfavorable.
  • silicate slags containing substantial amounts of ferric iron when brought to equilibrium with an iron sulfide-containing matte will produce high sulfur dioxide partial pressures whereas slags containing only minor amounts of ferric iron will produce but low sulfur dioxide partial pressures.
  • the equilibrium partial pressure of sulfur dioxide released in the presence of a magnetite-saturated slag is 1X10 times greater than the equilibrium sulfur dioxide partial pressure obtained by treating a matte of the same composition with a slag containing only 1 percent ferric oxide.
  • Another important aspect of the chemical character of the slag is the amount of wiistite (FeO) in the slag, particularly when it is desired to insure low-iron contents in the final matte.
  • the FeO in the slag should have a low-chemical potential since low-FeO chemical potentials in the slag insure that FeO produced by the oxidation of iron in the matte is more readily dissolved in the slag and less likely to be oxidized further.
  • FIG. depicts a ternary equilibrium diagram of silica (SiO,), wiistite (FeO) and ferric oxide mo at various temperatures for compositions that are useful as refining slags.
  • the area bounded by ABCDE represents compositions that are liquid at various temperatures, which compositions are specifically shown by lines with temperatures marked thereon. In three-dimension the area ABCDE actually represents surfaces with specific surfaces being represented, for example, by ABCFG and CDJI-IF.
  • the line CF which is the intersection of surfaces ABCFG and CDJI-IF represents slags with the greatest oxidizing potential and with low-FeO potentials by virtue of its saturation with magnetite and with silica.
  • a slag having a composition represented by point P i.e., about 40 percent FeO, about 33 percent Fe,0;, and about 27 percent SiO, would have the greatest oxidizing potential.
  • the oxygen-transfer slags in accordance with the present invention advantageously contain at least about 25 percent and not more than about 35 percent SK), and from about 5 percent to 35 percent Fe,O Even more advantageously, the slag composition is controlled at about 30 percent to 35 percent SiO,.
  • Another important feature of the present invention is the turbulent state of the molten sulfide bath which turbulence minimizes concentration gradients within the individual phases.
  • the reacting substances in order to overcome the effects of diffusion films or barriers, the reacting substances must be adequately mixed to minimize the thickness of such barriers, i.e., the sulfide bath and silicate slags must be maintained in a state of turbulence.
  • the process of the present invention requires that independent agitation be applied to the molten bath in order to provide a turbulent bath for highly efficient operation. It might be noted that the turbulence of the molten bath increases the gas-slag interface area to thereby render absorption of the free-oxygen-containing gas in the slag more efficient.
  • a turbulent bath insures that matte containing sulfur dioxide is constantly brought into contact with the refractory by the mixing action so provided.
  • the rotating refractory constantly drags atmospheric gases beneath the surface of the molten bath, and along with the natural nucleation sites inherent in refractories effectively provides sulfur dioxide nucleation.
  • the turbulence within the bath creates localized regions of pressure and rarefaction so that in the localized regions of rarefaction the critical nucleus size of sulfur dioxide is lowered to such an extent that nucleation sites are not required. From the foregoing it is seen that the turbulent bath serves three distinct functions-the turbulent bath minimizes steep concentration gradients within individual phases, insures rapid distribution of heat and insures the nucleation of gaseous products.
  • the thermal efficiency and the ability to employ gases highly enriched with oxygen or to burn extraneous fuel allow the use of theoretically optimum but heretofore commercially unobtainable conditions.
  • the thermal efficiency and the ability to employ gases highly enriched with oxygen or to burn extraneous fuel allow the use of theoretically optimum but heretofore commercially unobtainable conditions.
  • semicontinuous smelting operations can be employed using an oxygen-enriched blast thereby minimizing heat losses due to nitrogen.
  • solid matte, ore or ore concentrate preheated if desired, can be continuously or intermittently added to the bath in addition to flux in order to utilize heat released by oxidation to smelt the solid materials. Extraneous fuel can also be combusted to perform this opera tion. Even more importantly, when slagging iron from copper mattes, high temperature and slags with high-silica content can be employed to minimize magnetite formation.
  • slags containing over about 30 percent Si0 and even much higher can be employed without impairing the fluidity of the slag since the high temperatures required to maintain the fluidity of the slag can be uniformly obtained.
  • temperatures above about 1,300 C. and even much higher can be employed when treating copper mattes to minimize magnetite formation in the sulfide phase, decrease the stability of deleterious compounds such as ferrites and increase slagging rates.
  • the lower slag viscosity results in smaller amounts of nonferrous metals mechanically entrapped in the slag.
  • the conditions of temperature and slag compositions currently employed in conventional Peirce-Smith converters can be used but the use of such conditions will not result in the full benefits inherent in the practice of the present invention.
  • the slagging treatment is conducted at a temperature of at least about l,250 C. and advantageously at a temperature of more than about l,300 C. At these temperatures substantially complete oxidation of iron sulfide is obtained at highly attractive rates while avoiding or minimizing the problems associated with viscous slags and magnetite precipitation.
  • additional heat can be supplied to the bath through an auxiliary burner by burning an extraneously added fuel with an excess of a free-oxygen-containing gas, e.g., air, oxygen-enriched air or commercial 0xygen, so that the oxidizing nature of the slag is not destroyed.
  • a free-oxygen-containing gas e.g., air, oxygen-enriched air or commercial 0xygen
  • one of the advantageous features of the present invention is the selective oxidizing nature of the oxygen-transfer slags.
  • the molten sulfide bath can be surface blown with a free-oxygen-containing gas with or without a flux or slag and the surface blowing can be conducted in such a manner that the free-oxygen-containing gas completely penetrates the slag and directly oxidizes the matte until the iron content of the sulfide bath has been lowered to less than about 10 percent.
  • This initial treatment to lower the iron content of the sulfide bath to less than about 10 percent can even be conducted in theabsence of independently supplied agitation, for example, in a stationary, e.g., L-D-type, converter.
  • the sulfide bath is then treated with an oxygen-transfer slag to lower the iron content to less than about 1 percent while conducting the surface-blowing operation in such a manner that a preponderant part of the oxygen is introduced into the sulfide bath via the slag.
  • the nature of surface blowing with the free-oxygen-containing gas may have to be altered to minimize direct oxidation of the matte via the free-oxygencontaining gas.
  • the velocity of the gas or its angle of impingement can be altered to avoid contacting the matte directly with the free-oxygen-containing gas.
  • the slag can be removed and blowing with a free-oxygen-containing gas can be resumed to convert the nonferrous sulfide to metal, e.g., blister copper, oxygen nickel or cupronickel.
  • a free-oxygen-containing gas can be resumed to convert the nonferrous sulfide to metal, e.g., blister copper, oxygen nickel or cupronickel.
  • the resulting nonferrous sulfide can be tapped for subsequent treatment such as the slow cooling of a nickel-copper matte to effect a separation thereof or a nickel matte can be subjected to a liquid-liquid exchange process to remove various nonferrous contaminants, e.g., the removal of copper and cobalt from nickel sulfide.
  • an oxygen-transfer slag in the final stages of iron removal is one of the advantageous features of the present invention in that iron oxidation via the slag is highly selective.
  • the selectivity of slagging is lowered, particularly when the oxidizing potential for a specific slag composition is maintained at its maximum.
  • the selectivity of the slag can be maintained or regained by lowering the oxidizing potential of the slag.
  • These treatments are conducted so that the oxidizing potential of the slag is lowered by about one to three orders of magnitude from its maximum oxidizing potential, e.g., the oxygen partial pressure of a silica-saturated slag at about 1,300 C. is lowered from about 6 atmospheres to 109 atmospheres.
  • the embodiment of combusting a fuel is advantageous in that the thus-generated heat raises the temperature of the slag and the sulfide bath increasing the rate of reaction and the extent of iron removal while lowering the amount of sulfides entrained in the slag.
  • the effectiveness of these treatments i.e., whether the oxidizing potential of the slag has been sufficiently lowered to maintain the oxidizing selectivity thereof, can be ascertained by the amount of Fe O contained in the slag.
  • the Fe,0 content of a refining slag having a maximum oxidizing potential is lowered to between about 5 percent and 20 percent.
  • At least one nonferrous sulfide selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper and cobalt and containing iron to remove iron by oxidation and slagging which treatment comprises establishing a molten bath of the sulfide; surface blowing the bath with a free-oxygen-containing gas to lower the iron content to less than about 10 percent; providing and maintaining an oxygen-transfer slag containing between about 5 and 35 percent Fe,0, and silica in amounts sufficient to provide between about 25 percent and 35 percent silica over and in contact with the sulfide bath, at least after the iron content of the bath has been lowered to less than about 10 percent; maintaining the slag and sulfide bath at a temperature of at least about 1,250 C.
  • Example 1 Approximately 6.5 metric tons of a sulfur-deficient nickel matte at a temperature of 1,260 C. and analyzing 25 percent nickel, 65 percent iron and 9 percent sulfur were charged into a rotary converter which measured about 4.4-meters long by 1.8 meters in diameter inside its magnesite chrome lining. The iron content of the matte was lowered to 10 percent by surface blowing with air at 95 percent oxygen efficiency through a water-cooled lance and the oxidized iron was slagged with quartz and sand which were added semicontinuously to maintain the SiO, content of the slag between 25 percent and 30 percent. At this point the matte was at a temperature of about l,300 C.
  • an oxygen-transfer slag containing about 15 to 18 percent Fe,0, and saturated with silica was employed to oxidize iron remaining in the matte.
  • the slag was surface blown with air at lower rates and air velocities to avoid direct oxidation of the matte while maintaining the slag at its maximum oxidizing potential and silica was semicontinuously added to maintain the slag saturated with silica.
  • the converter was rotated at 20 revolutions per minute to establish a turbulent bath. When the iron content had been lowered to about 2 percent, blowing with air was discontinued and natural gas was fully combusted to maintain the temperature of the bath at 1,300 C.
  • Example 11 Approximately 6 metric tons of a copper matte analyzing 45.6 percent Cu, 5.2 percent Ni, 0.2percent Co, 26 percent Fe, and 23 percent S are charged into the rotary converter described above. The temperature of the bath is raised to 1,270 C. by combustion of extraneous fuel in a burner contained in the lance. Air is blown through the lance at a nozzle velocity of 240 meters per second while a mixture of quartz and sand is added semicontinuously to produce slags containing 25-30 percent silica. The temperature rises to 1,300 C. by the time the iron content is lowered to 10 percent. At this point, an oxygen-transfer slag containing about 15-18 percent rep, and saturated with silica is employed to oxidize the remaining iron in the matte.
  • the air rate is lowered to permit the Fe,0, content of the slag to gradually decrease.
  • the slag is skimmed when the iron content is less than 1 percent and theresulting white metal is converted to blister copper.
  • a process for treating a sulfide containing iron and at least one nonferrous value selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper and cobalt'to remove iron which comprises providing a turbulent bath of the sulfide material which contains less than about 10 percent iron; providing and maintainappropriate modifications can be ing a liquid stag containing about 5 percent to 35 percent E c 19 glggrtli t 3 g-gent silica and the balance essentially FeO in contact with the turbulent sulfide bath; surface blowing the slag with a free-oxygemcontaining gas to maintain the slag oxidizing to iron contained in the turbulent sulfide bath whereby the slag selectively oxidizes iron in the turbulent bath to FeO, which lFeO is then dissolved in the slag; maintaining the sulfide bath and slag in a state of turbulence so that concentration gradients within each phase are minimized and so that oxidized nonferrous metals in the slag can be
  • a process as described in claim and slag are maintained at 1 ,300 C.
  • a process for treating a sulfide containing iron and at least one nonferrous value selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper and cobalt to remove iron which comprises surface blowing a turbulent bath of the sulfide material with a free-oxygemcontaining gas to oxidize iron in the bath; providing and maintaining a liquid slag containing about 5 to 35 percent Fe O about 25 to 35 percent silica and the balance essentially FeO over and in contact with the turbulent sulfide bath at least when the iron content of the turbulent bath has been lowered to less than about 10 percent so that the free-oxygen-containing gas maintains the slag oxidizing to iron contained in the turbulent sulfide bath whereby the slag selectively oxidizes iron in the turbulent sulfide bath to FeO, which FeO is then dissolved in the slag; maintaining the sulfide bath and slag in the state of turbulence so that concentration gradients within each phase are minimized and so that oxidized nonferrous metals in
  • the sulfide bath a temperature of at least about tial of FeO in the slag and the potential for precipitation of magnetite.
  • a process as described in claim 116 wherein after the iron content of the sulfide bath is lowered to less than about 5 percent, surface blowing is controlled to lower the oxidizing potential of the slag by one to three orders of magnitude of its maximum.
  • a process for treating a sulfide containing iron and at least one nonferrous value selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper and cobalt to remove iron which comprises establishing a molten bath of the sulfide; surface blowing the sulfide bath with a free-oxygen-containing gas to lower the iron content to less than about l0 percent; providing and maintaining a slag containing between about 5 and 35 percent l e- 0 silica in amounts sufiicient to provide between about 25 and 35 percent silica and the balance essentially FeO over and in contact with the sulfide bath, at least after the iron content of the bath has been lowered to less than about 10 percent; maintaining the slag and sulfide bath at a temperature above about 1,250 C.; surface blowing the slag with a free-oxygen-containing gas to maintain the slag oxidizing to iron in the sulfide bath; maintaining the sulfide bath and slag in a state of

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US799318A 1969-02-14 1969-02-14 Slagging in top blown converters Expired - Lifetime US3615362A (en)

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US (1) US3615362A (de)
BE (1) BE745995A (de)
DE (1) DE2006662B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2035415A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1279384A (de)
NL (1) NL7002044A (de)
NO (1) NO126806B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791816A (en) * 1972-03-30 1974-02-12 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Production of nickel from nickel-bearing materials
US3892562A (en) * 1970-01-20 1975-07-01 Pyromet Inc Process for producing high purity silver
DE2710970A1 (de) * 1976-03-12 1977-09-15 Boliden Ab Verfahren zur gewinnung von roh- bzw. blasenkupfer aus sulfidischem kupferrohmaterial
US4108638A (en) * 1975-01-23 1978-08-22 Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited Process for separating nickel, cobalt and copper
DE2819587A1 (de) * 1977-05-09 1978-11-16 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Verfahren zum einblasen von gas in ein fluessiges metallurgisches bad und lanze zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US4204861A (en) * 1976-03-12 1980-05-27 Boliden Aktiebolag Method of producing blister copper
US4244733A (en) * 1977-08-19 1981-01-13 Boliden Aktiebolag Method of producing blister copper from copper raw material containing antimony
US4304595A (en) * 1977-07-22 1981-12-08 Boliden Aktiebolag Method of manufacturing crude iron from sulphidic iron-containing material
DE19947343A1 (de) * 1999-10-01 2001-04-12 Abb Schweiz Ag Verfahren zum Schmelzen von schwermetallhaltigen Stoffen
CN113466079A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-01 重庆钢铁股份有限公司 一种钢渣成分含量检测方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE407234B (sv) * 1977-07-22 1979-03-19 Boliden Ab Forfarande for framstellning av ett tillsatsmaterial for rajernsframstellning
LU82970A1 (fr) * 1980-11-28 1982-06-30 Metallurgie Hoboken Procede pour collecter de metaux non-ferreux contenus dans des dechets ferres

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892562A (en) * 1970-01-20 1975-07-01 Pyromet Inc Process for producing high purity silver
US3791816A (en) * 1972-03-30 1974-02-12 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Production of nickel from nickel-bearing materials
US4108638A (en) * 1975-01-23 1978-08-22 Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited Process for separating nickel, cobalt and copper
DE2710970A1 (de) * 1976-03-12 1977-09-15 Boliden Ab Verfahren zur gewinnung von roh- bzw. blasenkupfer aus sulfidischem kupferrohmaterial
US4204861A (en) * 1976-03-12 1980-05-27 Boliden Aktiebolag Method of producing blister copper
DE2819587A1 (de) * 1977-05-09 1978-11-16 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Verfahren zum einblasen von gas in ein fluessiges metallurgisches bad und lanze zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US4304595A (en) * 1977-07-22 1981-12-08 Boliden Aktiebolag Method of manufacturing crude iron from sulphidic iron-containing material
US4244733A (en) * 1977-08-19 1981-01-13 Boliden Aktiebolag Method of producing blister copper from copper raw material containing antimony
DE19947343A1 (de) * 1999-10-01 2001-04-12 Abb Schweiz Ag Verfahren zum Schmelzen von schwermetallhaltigen Stoffen
CN113466079A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-01 重庆钢铁股份有限公司 一种钢渣成分含量检测方法
CN113466079B (zh) * 2021-06-30 2023-05-16 重庆钢铁股份有限公司 一种钢渣成分含量检测方法

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NO126806B (de) 1973-03-26
GB1279384A (en) 1972-06-28
DE2006662B2 (de) 1972-11-16
BE745995A (fr) 1970-08-13
FR2035415A5 (de) 1970-12-18
NL7002044A (de) 1970-08-18
DE2006662A1 (de) 1970-09-10

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