US3607097A - Analyzer for liquid samples - Google Patents

Analyzer for liquid samples Download PDF

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Publication number
US3607097A
US3607097A US750654A US3607097DA US3607097A US 3607097 A US3607097 A US 3607097A US 750654 A US750654 A US 750654A US 3607097D A US3607097D A US 3607097DA US 3607097 A US3607097 A US 3607097A
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United States
Prior art keywords
working tube
working
tube
tubes
containers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US750654A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michel Auphan
Jean Perilhou
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR117367A external-priority patent/FR93162E/fr
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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Publication of US3607097A publication Critical patent/US3607097A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/505—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes flexible containers not provided for above
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/0289—Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid
    • B01L3/0293—Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid for liquids
    • B01L3/0296—Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid for liquids from piercable tubing, e.g. in extracorporeal blood sampling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/04—Details of the conveyor system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1002—Reagent dispensers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/04—Details of the conveyor system
    • G01N2035/0401—Sample carriers, cuvettes or reaction vessels
    • G01N2035/0406—Individual bottles or tubes
    • G01N2035/0408—Individual bottles or tubes connected in a flexible chain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/04—Details of the conveyor system
    • G01N2035/0401—Sample carriers, cuvettes or reaction vessels
    • G01N2035/0429—Sample carriers adapted for special purposes
    • G01N2035/0434—Sample carriers adapted for special purposes in the form of a syringe or pipette tip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1079—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices with means for piercing stoppers or septums

Definitions

  • first conveyor belt carries the samples to be analyzed, an adjacent belt carries working tubes in which the tests occur, and
  • a third belt carries substances to be added to the samples during the tests. Needles and tubes are provided between the containers of substances on the three belts for piercing container walls and then transferring liquids between the containers.
  • a sequence of tubes having flexible walls and filled with the liquid samples to be analyzed are arranged parallel to each other on a belt which is adapted to run around drums carrying out predetermined movements, means being provided for carrying out the treatments required for the analysis in a given order of succession of the sample in each tube, for instance, injection of auxiliary liquids, mixtures and so on.
  • the apparatus comprises rows of thrust feet arranged parallel to the tubes, each row cooperating with'a single stationary member associated with a row, the number of rows being at least equal to the number of auxiliary liquids to be introduced into the samples.
  • a programming device controls the thrust feet, each of which can be pressed against the wall of the opposite tube so that the liquid is displaced against the wall of the length of the tube and the predetermined treatment can be carried out.
  • Each working tube comprises in its interior filters for performing the number of required filtrations during the analysis.
  • the invention has for its object to provide further mechanization of the apparatus, and accordingly the invention there is provided a second belt having parallel tubes for the auxiliary liquids consisting of flexible material and being displaceable by actuating at least one pushbutton into a position near the working tube, each auxiliary liquid tube having an injection needle for injecting the auxiliary liquid into the working tube.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an elevation of the various belts provided with tubes in an apparatus according to the invention
  • H6. 2 is a sectional view of an auxiliary liquid tube comprising two chambers
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic elevation of a detail of the cooperating tubes connected with thrust feet.
  • the improvement provided by the invention relates particularly to the quantitative analysis of one or more constituents of the blood of a large number of patients.
  • the analysis of glucose described before is chosen by way of example.
  • all treatments are carried out within a single working tube 2 of small diameter, for example, of a synthetic resin resistant to the chemical reagents.
  • the working tubes 2 are arranged parallel to each other on a belt 1, termed the working belt.
  • the belt is adapted to move along two drums, one of which is shown at 31in the spaces 4 between every two tubes 2 the working belt is provided with the patients data and the coded analysis in the form of perforations.
  • each working tube has at one end a hollow needle 5 for taking in the blood serum, which will be described more fully hereinafter.
  • the working belt is associated with a number of rows of thrust feet (not shown in FIG. l), the number of rows being at least equal to the number of reagents or auxiliary liquids to be introduced during the same analysis into the sample to be analyzed.
  • Att'ultliltg In tlultivcnliml there is added to the working belt I a second belt 7. which can bemoved by a drum 8 and which is provided with tubes 9 of flexible synthetic resin containing the substances to be added during the analysis.
  • the belt 7 has a given thickness so that the tubes 9, arranged parallel to each other, can be fixed in openings in the direction of thickness of the belt 7.
  • the tubes 9 can be pressed out of the openings by means of a thrust pin 10 and be moved to the area above a working tube 2 on the belt 1.
  • Each tube 9 has a needle 11, which is capable of piercing the wall ofa working tube 2.
  • reagents may be stored for a long time in a sealed glass ampulla.
  • a tube 9 contains the glass ampulla sealed by a pigtail, which can be broken across the tube, for example, by means of a thrust pin.
  • the tube 9 may be shaped in the form shown in FIG. 2.
  • This tube comprises two separate chambers 91 and 92, communicating with each other through openings 96, the chamber 91 being divided into separate spaces 93, separated from each other by closed partitions 94. Each space contains a constituent of the reagent, for example, in the sealed ampullae 95.
  • Each separate space 93 communicates with the chamber 92 via a hollow needle 96.
  • For producing the reagent pigtails are broken by exerting pressure across the synthetic resin wall so that the liquids flow into the spaces concerned.
  • Thrust members (not shown) permit of introducing into the chamber 92 the desired quantities of the constituents which form the final reagent by mixing, if necessary with the supply of heat.
  • the chamber 92 has a hollow needle 11.
  • the apparatus comprises a third belt 12, termed herein take-in belt, adapted to be moved between two drums 13 and supporting parallel tubes 14, each of which contains blood of a patient.
  • the tubes 14 are provided at one end with a lancet 15 and the blood can be taken in, for example, from the patients ear lobe manually or automatically by means of an apparatus independent of the analyzer into which the belt 12 has to be introduced subsequently.
  • the tubes 14 are fixed on the belt 12 in rigid supports by means ofa spring (not shown) arranged on stv
  • the free space 16 between two tubes 14 contains all data relating to the patient and the desired analysis in the form of coded perforations which data can be transferred to the belt 1 by means of a photoelectric cell.
  • the take-in tubes 14 with the blood are first centrifuged before the belt 12 is inserted into the analyzerso that serum and corpuscles are separated from each other.
  • the operation of the analyzer will now be described briefly with reference to the assessment of the glucose content of blood.
  • the drum 13 and the take-in belt 12 are moved so that invariable a tube 14 is located opposite a working tube 2.
  • the belt 1 with the working tubes 2 is arranged so that the needle ofa working tube 2 can penetrate into the take-in tube 14 just above the portion filled with corpuscles, after which the desired quantity of serum can be sucked into the working tube 2.
  • the associated coded information of the belt 12 is read and punched in the belt 1.
  • a programming device receiving the punched information of the belt 12 will control the course of the three belts l, 7 and l2.
  • the belt 7 comprises a number of tubes 9 containing reagents corresponding with the number of patients.
  • Reagent A for expelling protein
  • [.22 gs. barium chloride 2H 0.26 g. distilled water [00 cc.
  • Reagent B (ferric-ferrous cyanide) pure potassium ferro-cyanidc 0.006 g. pure potassium ferri-cyanide 0.033 g. pure dry sodium carbonate 0.4 g.
  • Reagent C (ferric phosphate) pure potassium fcrri-cyanide 0.04 g. SS'k-ic phosphoric acid 4.7 gs. distilled water I00 cc.
  • the first reagent having a pH value exceeding 8 can be kept in good condition, it may be provided in the ready state in a glass ampulla in a tube 9 and the sealing tip of the ampulla can be broken at the exact instant.
  • the tube 9 is then moved to above the belt 1 with the working tubes 2, where the tube 9 stands still until the termination of the glucose analysis.
  • the hollow needle of the tube 9 can penetrate by pressure into the working tube 2 by means of thrust feet. This is shown in detail in FIG. 3.
  • the tube 9 with the filled chamber 92 is located above the working tube 2 and the needle 11 has pierced the wall.
  • the thrust feet 17 press the working tube 2 flat against the member 18 and after the return movement of the feet the tube 2 sucks in a quantity of reagent. By pressing the correct number of feet 17 against the member 18 a quantity of uL. is urged 20 times in order of succession forwardly in the tube portion serving for the analysis and for taking in serum.
  • the serum is taken in the same manner by means of the needle 5.
  • the needle In order to cause this needle to penetrate into the centrifuged take-in tubes 14, the latter are pressed against the needle by a thrust foot. The needles are adjusted so that they penetrate just above the blood clot so that no serum gets lost.
  • the serum is taken into the working tube 2, It is mixed with the reagent by the alternate displacement of the evennumbered and odd-numbered thrust feet 17.
  • the mixture is then filtered by a hard-glass filter 6 in the interior of the working tube 2.
  • the thrust feet By the action of the thrust feet the liquid is injected under pressure through the walls of the filter.
  • the working tube 2 is displaced by one step, after which the same cycle is repeated for the analysis of the glucose content of a further patient and so on until the doses to be analyzed are exhausted or the tube 9 is empty.
  • the second treatment of the filtrate consists in the introduction of the ferri-ferro-cyanide, the glucose reduction of which is measured.
  • This reagent has to be produced separately,
  • the tube 9 has in this case two chambers, one of which is divided into three separate spaces 93 which contain the previously weighed quantities of ferrous cyanide, ferric cyanide and a solution of sodium carbonate in a glass ampulla.
  • a quantity of, for example, cc. accurately determined by means of thrust pins can be readily supplied from the ampulla containing sodium carbonate under gas pressure.
  • This quantity of the solution is then inserted into the other chamber 92 and mixed therein with the ferrous cyanide and the ferric cyanide.
  • the tube 9 is moved near the working tube 2 for the injection of the reagent.
  • the process is then as follows: In an accurately determined portion of the tube 2 L. of the filtrate of the first treatment is absorbed, after which this quantity is shifted upwards.
  • the reaction is completed by heating at near the boiling point of the liquid for one quarter of an hour, for example, in a bath, which may be a circulating heating bath. Each tube is passed through the bath for the same period of time. After the bath a quantity of ,u.L. of ferric phosphide is introduced in the same way as described above. For color stabilization the belt is held for about 15 minutes at 20 C. in a drying furnace. The tubes 2 are then subjected to colorimetric analysis.
  • the belt 12 is moved back to its initial position after termination of the first sequence of analyses and a new sequence of tubes 2 is applied to the belt 1, each of which can take in a new quantity of serum.
  • the belt 7 with the reagents is moved so that the tubes 9 are disposed in accordance with the new sequence of analyses.
  • the tubes employed for the preceding analysis are conducted away and rejected.
  • Apparatus for automatic analysis of liquid samples obtained from a plurality of containers comprising:
  • first duct means for communicating the sample liquid from each container to a working tube, with said liquid being drawable into the working tube by said suction therein
  • auxiliary containers each containing at least one reagent
  • third means for carrying auxiliary containers along a third path and for disposing each to be closely adjacent a working tube
  • second duct means for communicating each reagent from its auxiliary container to a working tube, the reagent being drawable onto the working tube by said suction therein, whereby each sample is mixed within a working tube at least one reagent subsequent analysis.
  • auxiliary liquid containers comprises a first chamber separated into two spaces, each adapted to house an ampulla containing a constituent of a reagent, and a second chamber communicating with said spaces for receiving and mixing said constituents and for discharging the mixed constituents into the working tube.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising means for breaking open the ampullae in said spaces of the first chamber and for urging the constituents into the second chamber.
  • each working tube comprises a plurality of thrust feet, each movable between an inactive position, an an active position in pressure contact with a working tube for compressing same.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said thrust feet are selectively movable into pressure contact with each working tube to mix the liquid sample and reagent therein and subsequently to discharge the mixed fluid from the working tube.
  • Apparatus comprising a device according to claim 6, further comprising means for programming said belts to move in phased relationship, for phased interrelationship between said tubes and containers.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising in each working tube a filter for filtering the sample after it is mixed with the reagent.
  • Apparatus for automatic colorimetric analysis of liquid fluid samples obtained from a plurality of containers comprising:
  • a plurality of thrust feet each movable between an inactive position, an an active position in pressure contact with a working tube for selectively 'compressing same, the tube being subsequently expanded to develop suction therein when each thrust foot is returned to its inactive position,
  • means for moving said feet between said active and inacg. a plurality of auxiliary containers, each having a discharge needle and containing at least one reagent,
  • third belt for carrying the auxiliary containers and for disposing each to be closely adjacent a working tube and for then urging the needle of each auxiliarfcontainer to penetrate a working tube, the reagent then being drawable into the working tube by said suction therein, whereby each blood sample is mixed within a working tube with at least one reagent for subsequent colorimetric analysis.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
US750654A 1967-08-09 1968-08-06 Analyzer for liquid samples Expired - Lifetime US3607097A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR117367A FR93162E (fr) 1966-04-05 1967-08-09 Appareil d'analyse d'échantillons liquides.

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Cited By (51)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3713771A (en) * 1971-05-13 1973-01-30 B Taylor Method for organized assay and bendable test tube rack therefor
US3812597A (en) * 1972-06-29 1974-05-28 Philips Corp Oven
US3869252A (en) * 1972-04-22 1975-03-04 Hans Haug Dose distribution means
US3883305A (en) * 1972-03-21 1975-05-13 Coulter Electronics Automatic chemical analysis apparatus
US3902852A (en) * 1972-07-25 1975-09-02 Univ Sherbrooke Apparatus for multiple sample application
US3918913A (en) * 1974-12-02 1975-11-11 Lilly Co Eli Sampler-injector for liquid chromatography
US3948606A (en) * 1973-01-26 1976-04-06 Johnson Derrold D Programmed test tube rack for manually performing medical diagnostic assays
US4106911A (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-08-15 Societe Francaise Pour Le Developpement De L'automatisme En Biologie Device for examining a plurality of microdoses of liquids
US4120662A (en) * 1978-01-18 1978-10-17 Cortex Research Corporation Specimen sampling apparatus
US4311484A (en) * 1980-04-09 1982-01-19 Cortex Research Corporation Specimen sampling apparatus
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US20030049833A1 (en) * 1998-06-24 2003-03-13 Shuqi Chen Sample vessels
US20070123802A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2007-05-31 Freeman Dominique M Methods and apparatus for an analyte detecting device
US20070219463A1 (en) * 2002-04-19 2007-09-20 Barry Briggs Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation
US20080021491A1 (en) * 2002-04-19 2008-01-24 Freeman Dominique M Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US20080027385A1 (en) * 2002-04-19 2008-01-31 Freeman Dominique M Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US20090131964A1 (en) * 2002-04-19 2009-05-21 Dominique Freeman Tissue penetration device
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US8574895B2 (en) 2002-12-30 2013-11-05 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus using optical techniques to measure analyte levels
US8641644B2 (en) 2000-11-21 2014-02-04 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Blood testing apparatus having a rotatable cartridge with multiple lancing elements and testing means
US8652831B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2014-02-18 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for analyte measurement test time
US8668656B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2014-03-11 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for improving fluidic flow and sample capture
US8690796B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2014-04-08 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US8702624B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2014-04-22 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Analyte measurement device with a single shot actuator
US8721671B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2014-05-13 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Electric lancet actuator
US8784335B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2014-07-22 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Body fluid sampling device with a capacitive sensor
US8828203B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2014-09-09 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Printable hydrogels for biosensors
CN104237223A (zh) * 2014-10-08 2014-12-24 江苏奥赛康药业股份有限公司 测定铁-碳水化合物络合物中不稳定铁含量的方法
US8936933B2 (en) 2003-02-05 2015-01-20 IQumm, Inc. Sample processing methods
US8945910B2 (en) 2003-09-29 2015-02-03 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for an improved sample capture device
US8965476B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2015-02-24 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US9144401B2 (en) 2003-06-11 2015-09-29 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Low pain penetrating member
US9226699B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-01-05 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Body fluid sampling module with a continuous compression tissue interface surface
US9248267B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-02-02 Sanofi-Aventis Deustchland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US9314194B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2016-04-19 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US9351680B2 (en) 2003-10-14 2016-05-31 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for a variable user interface
US9375169B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2016-06-28 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Cam drive for managing disposable penetrating member actions with a single motor and motor and control system
US9427532B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2016-08-30 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Tissue penetration device
US9662652B2 (en) 2000-12-29 2017-05-30 Chen & Chen, Llc Sample processing device for pretreatment and thermal cycling
US9775553B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2017-10-03 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for a fluid sampling device
US9795747B2 (en) 2010-06-02 2017-10-24 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation
US9820684B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2017-11-21 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh Method and apparatus for a fluid sampling device
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US3297558A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-01-10 Instrumentation Labor Inc Fluid control apparatus
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Cited By (98)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3713771A (en) * 1971-05-13 1973-01-30 B Taylor Method for organized assay and bendable test tube rack therefor
US3883305A (en) * 1972-03-21 1975-05-13 Coulter Electronics Automatic chemical analysis apparatus
US3869252A (en) * 1972-04-22 1975-03-04 Hans Haug Dose distribution means
US3812597A (en) * 1972-06-29 1974-05-28 Philips Corp Oven
US3902852A (en) * 1972-07-25 1975-09-02 Univ Sherbrooke Apparatus for multiple sample application
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