US3605858A - Method for producing a rimming ingot containing a fume-producing ingredient - Google Patents

Method for producing a rimming ingot containing a fume-producing ingredient Download PDF

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Publication number
US3605858A
US3605858A US18953A US3605858DA US3605858A US 3605858 A US3605858 A US 3605858A US 18953 A US18953 A US 18953A US 3605858D A US3605858D A US 3605858DA US 3605858 A US3605858 A US 3605858A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ingot
mold
molten
steel
rimming
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Expired - Lifetime
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US18953A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert N Edmondson
Kurt R Mattson
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Inland Steel Co
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Inland Steel Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods for producing ingots from molten steel and more particularly to a method for producing a rimming ingot containing a fume-producing ingredient such as tellurium, selenium, sulfur or bismuth.
  • an open-top ingot mold is filled with molten steel containing relatively little deoxidizing agent. Carbon monoxide is generated within the ingots molten interior and efiervesces through the top of the ingot, thereby maintaining the ingot top molten.
  • the rimming ingot freezes inwardly from the walls of the ingot mold, the solidified skin or rim of the ingot is relatively free of carbon and of many metalloids and is relatively pure iron.
  • Rimming can be stopped by putting a steel plate on the open top of the ingot mold, in contact with the molten surface of the ingot, and pouring large amounts of cooling water on the capping plate to solidify a crust on the top of the ingot. This stops the evolution of gas from the top of the ingot, in turn stopping the rimming action.
  • an alloying ingredient which unavoidably produces undesirable fumes.
  • Typical of such ingredients are tellurium, selenium, sulfur and bismuth.
  • tellurium is added to a rimming steel ingot, in the ingot mold, after the steel has undergone some rimming.
  • RAH extrudable, machinable steel and a method for producing it, using open-top molds and conventional rimming practice, are disclosed in Levy et al. application Ser. No. 802,798 filed Feb. 27, 1969.
  • Another technique for stopping the rimming action utilizes a bottle-top ingot mold.
  • the top of this ingot mold is substantially closed and has an internal neck of reduced cross section open at the top.
  • a capping element is placed at the top of the neck, and when the rising molten steel contacts the bottom surface of the capping element, the steel freezes, thereby forming a solid seal at the top of the ingot mold neck; and this eventually stops the riming action.
  • deoxidizing elements e.g., aluminum, silicon, titanium
  • Another technique utilizing the bottle-top ingot mold is to fill the entire ingot mold, including a Substantial amount of the neck, with molten rimming steel, and then place a capping element atop the neck with the bottom of the capping element extending into the molten steel in the mold neck (e.g., Belding U.S. Pat. No. 2,190,393). This causes the molten steel in the neck to freeze against the capping element, thereby sealing the ingot, and stop ping the rimming action.
  • a molten rimming steel without the fume-producing ingredient, is poured into a bottle-top ingot mold, to substantially fill the mold while leaving substantially the entire mold neck empty.
  • the ingot is then permitted to rim to the extent desired.
  • the fume-producing ingredient e.g., tellurium, selenium, sulfur, bismuth
  • the fume-producing ingredient e.g., tellurium, selenium, sulfur, bismuth
  • additional molten rimming steel is poured into the ingot mold, to fill at least a substantial part of the neck of the mold and form an ingot neck.
  • the ingot is mechanically capped by placing a capping element atop the ingot mold and dipping the bottom of the capping element into the molten steel contained within the ingot neck to freeze the top of the ingot neck. This seals the ingot, stops the rimming action and prevents the escape of fumes.
  • Machinability-impairing deoxidizing agents such as aluminum, silicon or titanium, are excluded from the molten steel and from the ingot mold.
  • the fume-producing ingredient may be added to the ingot mold together with the additional molten rimming steel.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a bottle-top ingot mold, used in an embodiment of a method in accordance with the present invention, showing the capping element removed;
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view, similar to FIG. 1, but with the capping element in place.
  • a bottle-top ingot mold is indicated generally at and includes side walls 11, a top 12 and an internal neck 13.
  • molten rimming steel is introduced into the interior of mold 10 and permitted to rim to the extent desired.
  • the molten rimming steel may have the following typical composition, in wt. percent:
  • Carbon 0.03-0.15 Manganese 0.254160 Sulfur 0.025 maximum Phosphorus 0.015 maximum Iron Balance Ingot mold 10 is filled with molten rimming steel to about the level indicated by dash-dot line 15. Between 95 and 100% of the volume of the mold, minus mold neck 13, is filled during the first pouring step. Neck 13 is intentionally left empty.
  • a molten rimming steel is substantially devoid of deoxidizing agents, carbon reacts with oxygen in the molten rimming steel to form carbon monoxide gas.
  • the gas eifervesces upwardly through molten steel surface and passes outwardly from the ingot mold through neck 13.
  • the rate at which carbon monoxide gas leaves the molten interior 14 of the ingot is approximately the same rate as carbon monoxide is formed. Therefore there is not significant increase in the volume of molten steel 14, and the molten steel does not rise significantly above level 15 into the neck of the mold.
  • a skin 16 solidifies adjacent side walls 11 of the ingot mold. This skin or rim 1 6 is devoid of carbon and is relatively pure iron.
  • the addition ingredient e.g., tellurium
  • neck 13 of the ingot mold the addition ingredient is introduced into the molten steel through neck 13 of the ingot mold. Because of the molten steels top surface 15 is no higher than the bottom of mold neck 13, there is relatively little metallic sparking outwardly through the top of neck 13 compared to What would occur if neck 13 was substantially full of molten steel at the time the addition ingredient was added.
  • the addition ingredient is mixed within molten interior 14 by convection currents inherent in the molten interior of a solidifying ingot and by the turbulence produced by the formation of carbon monoxide gas within molten interior 14.
  • the ingot is mechanically capped by 4 placing a capping element 20 atop ingot mold 10 and dipping the bottom 21 of the capping element into the molten steel within the ingot neck to freeze the top of the ingot neck, as indicated at 22 in FIG. 2. This seals the ingot thereby preventing the escape of fumes from the ingot.
  • deoxidizing agents aluminum, silicon, titanium, for example
  • aluminum, silicon, titanium, for example are added to the molten steel or to the ingot mold. Not only does this prevent the steel from rising in the neck of the ingot mold, but, also, it enhances the machinability of steel produced from the ingot because the deoxidizing agents can form machinability-impairing compounds within the steel (e.g., aluminates, silicates, titanates).
  • the addition ingredient e.g., tellurium
  • the additional molten rimming steel for filling mold neck 13 to level 17 may be added simultaneously, after molten steel 14 has rimmed to the extent de sired.
  • all of the other steps are essentially the same as in the previously described embodiment.
  • the ingot After the ingot has solidified, it may be rolled into a steel bar, or the like, and the resulting product has a skin devoid of carbon and of the addition ingredient and an interior containing the addition ingredient.
  • the addition ingredient is tellnrium
  • the skin of the bar would be devoid of tellurium, but the interior of the bar would contain tellurium.
  • the bar would be machinable due to the inclusion of tellurium and the exclusion of machinability-impairing deoxidizing ingredients.
  • the skin of the bar is devoid of carbon, the bar would be readily extrudable.
  • a method for producing a rimming ingot containing an ingredient capable of producing undesirable fumes comprising the steps of:
  • capping step being performed without intentional delay after said last recited pouring step.
  • said ingredient is introduced into the ingot mold simultaneously with the pouring of said additional molten rimming steel.
  • said additional molten rimming steel is poured into the ingot mold without intentional delay after said ingredient-introducing step.
  • references Cited said ingredient improves the machinability of the steel: UNITED STATES PATENTS said method comprising the further step of excluding machinability-impairing deoxidizing agents from said 5 2,108,254 2/1938 Devafley 75-45 molten steel and from said ingot mold. 211431410 1/1939 Domm 6.
  • a method for producing an ingot of extrudable, ma- 1O chinable steel in accordance with the method of claim 1 SPENCER OVERHOLSER Primary Examiner wherein said ingredient is tellurium.
  • J. S. BROWN, Assistant Examiner 8 A method as recited in claim 7 and comprising: excluding machinability-impairing deoxidizing agents U.S. C1. X.R.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
US18953A 1970-03-12 1970-03-12 Method for producing a rimming ingot containing a fume-producing ingredient Expired - Lifetime US3605858A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1895370A 1970-03-12 1970-03-12

Publications (1)

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US3605858A true US3605858A (en) 1971-09-20

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US18953A Expired - Lifetime US3605858A (en) 1970-03-12 1970-03-12 Method for producing a rimming ingot containing a fume-producing ingredient

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US3605858A (fr)
JP (1) JPS501457B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT324592B (fr)
BE (1) BE763932A (fr)
CA (1) CA939875A (fr)
CH (1) CH528938A (fr)
DE (1) DE2109943C3 (fr)
DK (1) DK124734B (fr)
ES (1) ES389179A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2081888B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1304640A (fr)
LU (1) LU62768A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL149397B (fr)
NO (1) NO137775C (fr)
SE (1) SE375710B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA711136B (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244737A (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-01-13 Inland Steel Company Method and alloy for introducing machinability increasing ingredients to steel
SE423871B (sv) * 1980-10-08 1982-06-14 Kockums Ab Sett vid gjutning av sadana materialsmeltor, vars stelningsforlopp innefattar en expansion atfoljd av en kontraktion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK124734B (da) 1972-11-20
NL149397B (nl) 1976-05-17
NO137775C (no) 1978-04-26
CA939875A (en) 1974-01-15
ES389179A1 (es) 1973-06-01
CH528938A (fr) 1972-10-15
JPS501457B1 (fr) 1975-01-18
DE2109943A1 (de) 1972-02-03
AT324592B (de) 1975-09-10
FR2081888B1 (fr) 1974-03-22
SE375710B (fr) 1975-04-28
FR2081888A1 (fr) 1971-12-10
BE763932A (fr) 1971-08-02
ZA711136B (en) 1971-11-24
NO137775B (no) 1978-01-16
DE2109943C3 (de) 1980-05-14
LU62768A1 (fr) 1971-08-23
GB1304640A (fr) 1973-01-24
NL7103211A (fr) 1971-09-14
DE2109943B2 (de) 1979-08-30

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