US3602291A - Apparatus for casting metal filaments through an aerosol atmosphere - Google Patents

Apparatus for casting metal filaments through an aerosol atmosphere Download PDF

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Publication number
US3602291A
US3602291A US757257A US3602291DA US3602291A US 3602291 A US3602291 A US 3602291A US 757257 A US757257 A US 757257A US 3602291D A US3602291D A US 3602291DA US 3602291 A US3602291 A US 3602291A
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United States
Prior art keywords
aerosol
stream
molten metal
circulation
metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US757257A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert B Pond
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Battelle Development Corp
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Battelle Development Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/005—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of wire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for free casting'metal fibers or filaments and more particularly to the solidification of extruded molten metal streams into such fibers or filaments during a free casting process.
  • the ap parent surface tension is generally accepted to be above I000 dynes/cm. in air. If molten cast iron (with l superheat) is ejected in a continuous manner from a smooth, round orifice at velocities less than 5 feet per second, the Rayleigh pinch off point will be within 6 inches of the orifice. This meansthat the heat transfer rate between the metal and the quenching'medium will have to be sufficiently large and the temperature gradient sufficiently steep so that solidification of the. molten stream can be'ensured to occur within the-6 inch interval, that is, before pinch off for fiber fabrication.
  • the distance to the pinch off point will be increased to approximately 24 inches.
  • the increase in distance to the pinch off point is greaterat higher ejection velocities and at an ejection velocity. of approximately 40 feet per second the pinch off. point can be made to exist at at least 48 inches from the orifice.
  • solidification of astream of molten cast iron will not occur until the stream has traveled approximately 2.5 feet at five feet per'second, 10 feet at 20 feet per second, or 20 feet at 40feet per second. It will be appreciated that any product produced by such-a'process would be in the formof powder or shot.
  • the Nusselt number a dimensionless number related to the heat transfer coefficient
  • the Nusselt number can be increased by causing a transverse fiow of air across the axis of the filament or fiber to be produced.
  • Such a transverse flow of air can be produced by ejecting the molten metal at an angle to the direction of the gravitational force and letting the biased stream free fall, or by installing a fan at a suitable location along the axis of the stream so thata gentle transverse solidification of the metal can be effected.
  • the metal does riot form a surface compound in thatmedium but. rather provides adsorbed films which themselves serve to decrease the surface tension by an amount sufficient to enable the pinch 'off point to be extended beyond the solidification'point, the metal can still be properly solidified.
  • a third type of medium may be envisioned wherein an adsorbed film is produced or/and a compound. formed wherein the surface tension of the metal is not drasti I cally reduced or a conduit for the molten metal provided but whereinthe solidification process is nonetheless facilitated because the surface reaction is endothermic and thus provides the effect of an increased quench rate. It is noted that the compound formed underthe circumstances may even be soluble in the molten metal.
  • an improved quenching. medium for use in jet spinning whereby quenching. of a-streamof molten metal is significantly accelerated'so that completed metallic filaments, in contrast to powder orshot, may be formed.
  • the improved quenching medium comprises an aerosol of a vaporizable liquid or solid such as, for example, a-fog of finely divided, uniformly flow of gas is provided. Another approach is to provide a.
  • the surface compound will serve as a conduit to preserve steam' shape until dispersed aqueous particles.
  • Theuse of an aerosol form of a substance permits the utilization of the desirable quenching characteristics of such a substance while at the same time eliminates the undesirable inertial effects produced thereby which tend to shatter the stream of molten metal.
  • refrigerating effect should be directly proportional to the number of particles in the volume.
  • This particle density will, of course, be a function of the kind and extent of packing of the particles. It will be appreciated that the molten stream does not have to directly contact a droplet in order to promote refrigeration in view of the fact that radiation from the surface of the-molten stream can also warm the volume immediately adjacent to each droplet. The distance over which such radiation is effective is also a function of the packing of the particles.
  • an arrangement for recirculating the aerosol in a continuous fiow path.
  • the flow path includes cross flow, that is, flow across the stream of molten metal, which increases the turbulence of the medium andconsequently increases the coefficient-of heat' transfer.
  • the.arrangement includes a main pipe or tube through which the stream of molten metal' passes and a second pipe laterally ofiset therefrom and connected thereto at upper and lower positions along the length thereof by means of upper and lower generally horizontal connecting pipes.
  • the atomizers are arranged such that a significant portion of the aerosol flow in the main pipe takes place in a direction parallel to the movement of the stream of molten metal, that is, downwardly.
  • a furnace includes a holding tube 12 and an orifice 14 through which is extruded a continuous'stream or jet of molten metal generally denoted 16.
  • Furnace 10 may be of any suitable conventional construction and further description thereof is deemed unnecessary.
  • the extruded metal 16 passes through a quenching arrangement generally denoted l8 and described in detail hereinbelow', to a container 20 which contains a liquid 22 such as water.
  • Quenching arrangement 18 comprises a main pipe or tube 24 through which the stream passes and a second laterally off set, generally parallel pipe 26.
  • An upper connecting pipe 28 joins the upper end of pipe 26 toan upper opening along the length of main pipe 24 while a lower connecting pipe 30 joins the lower end of pipe 26 to a lower opening along the length of main pipe 24.
  • the aerosol quenching medium of the present invention is created by first and second atomizers 32 and 34. Atomizers 32 and 34 are individually connected to a suitable source of quenching liquid to be atomized (not shown) and to a suitable source of a gas under pressure (not shown).
  • the quenching liquid may for example be water and the pres surized gas may be air although as is set forthhereinbelow a number of other aerosols may beem'ployed. Although it will be appreciated that a number of different atomizing arrangements may be utilized an atomizer manufactured by the Spraying Systems Company of Belville, 111., which produces a droplet or particle size from 10 to 50 microns has been found to be satisfactory.
  • the atomizer 32 is positioned at the junction between upper connecting pipe 28 and offset pipe 26 opposite the upper opening in main pipe 24 while atomizer 34 is positioned in the wall of main pipe 24 opposite the opening communicating with lower connecting pipe 30.
  • Atomizer 32 produces a spray which travels along connecting pipe 28 and crosses the path of the molten metal stream 16.
  • the cross flow created by atomizer 32 introduces turbulence into the aerosol and thereby increases the coefficient of heat transfer in that area.
  • atomizer 34 by injectinga spray across stream 16 provides a localized increase in heat transfer by increasing the turbulence in that area.
  • the nozzle opening in atomizer 32 is preferably such that a relatively fine'spray is produced whereas the size of the nozzle opening of atomizer 34, which isof course positioned at a point much further on in the quenching process, is preferably such that a coarser spray is produced.
  • Atomizers 32 and 34 cooperate to produce a Pinwheel" effect such. that the aerosol is accelerated in the area of the atomizer. sprays and continuous circulation of the aerosol is effected.'.As is indicated by the arrows in the drawing the operation :of atomizers 32 and 34 create a flow of aerosol in main pipe24 in the same direction as the flow of extruded stream 16.
  • Container 20 positioned below main pipe 24 is optional but provides a number of advantages. For example, when a fog, that is, a dispersion of aqueous particles, is used as the aerosol there will be condensation on the sides of the main pipe 24 and water will drip down onto the floor in the absence of container 20. Further,- the liquid in container 20 can serve to complete quenchingwhere only an outer shell or conduit has been formed before stream 16 reaches the liquid 22. In addition, the-presence of container 20 and liquid 22 at one end of main pipe 24 has been found to aid in'controlling the circulation of the aerosol.
  • a fog that is, a dispersion of aqueous particles
  • the aerosol acts to produce quenching of stream 16 either through contact of adroplet with the stream to cause evaporation of the droplet and consequent lowering of the environmental temperature by the latent heat of vaporization or through a similar vaporization caused by radiation from the molten stream 16. If it is presumed that the radiation effect can be felt over a distance of one-half inch then thequench rate per unit column length per unit time for a 1-inch diameter column will be increased by three orders of magnitude (presuming ideal cubic packing).
  • Aerosols or fogs may be produced in a number of ways such as by refrigerating aqueous supersaturated gas, through sudden changes of pressure or by atomization as described hereinabove. Where continuous volumes of an aerosol are necessary and a high evaporation rate is desired the use of atomizers to produce the aerosol is to be preferred.
  • the quenching aerosol utilized is not necessarily an aqueous dispersion and use can be made of any material which can be produced in an aerosol form. If, for example, water serves to increase the surface tension of the metal then the advantage of the high quench rate produced by water is partially offset because of the earlier pinch ofi" caused by the increase in surface tension. Thus certain materials may have specific advantages depending on the variables of the process.
  • Materials other than water which can be produced as aerosols include such nonfiammable materials as trichloroethylene and Freon l2. Flammable materials such as carbon-disulfide and oils can also be used as long as the carrier gas for the aerosol is nonoxidizing. It is noted that even plastics such as organic polymeric resins can be produced as aerosols.
  • an apparatus for producing metallic filaments wherein a melt of molten metal is extruded to form a molten stream
  • the improvement comprising means for causing solidification of the stream of molten metal comprising an environment containing an aerosol of a vaporizable substance, means for providing circulation of said aerosol in a continuous path and directing means for causing flow of said aerosol across said stream of molten metal to increase the heat transfer coefficient of said stream, said means for providing circulation of said aerosol being positioned beneath the portion of the apparatus from which the stream of molten metal is extruded and the path defined by said circulation providing means including first and second generally vertical portions interconnected by upper and lower generally horizontal portions, and

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
US757257A 1968-09-04 1968-09-04 Apparatus for casting metal filaments through an aerosol atmosphere Expired - Lifetime US3602291A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US75725768A 1968-09-04 1968-09-04

Publications (1)

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US3602291A true US3602291A (en) 1971-08-31

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US757257A Expired - Lifetime US3602291A (en) 1968-09-04 1968-09-04 Apparatus for casting metal filaments through an aerosol atmosphere

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3602291A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4814295B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE738412A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH500021A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1921721A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2017320A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1261921A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6906097A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3720741A (en) * 1969-10-03 1973-03-13 Monsanto Co Melt spinning process
US3752211A (en) * 1970-12-15 1973-08-14 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Method of making stretchable zinc fibers
US3845805A (en) * 1972-11-14 1974-11-05 Allied Chem Liquid quenching of free jet spun metal filaments
US4020891A (en) * 1974-11-11 1977-05-03 Brunswick Corporation Melt spinning process and machine
US4149584A (en) * 1976-10-15 1979-04-17 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Installation for the manufacture of wire by projecting a jet of liquid metal into a cooling fluid
US4153099A (en) * 1976-10-15 1979-05-08 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Cooling fluid for the manufacture of wire
US4312670A (en) * 1980-01-29 1982-01-26 National-Standard Company System for stretch casting filamentary shaped bodies
US20040231124A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2004-11-25 Toru Morimoto Metallic fiber nonwoven fabric manufacturing apparatus, its manufacturing method and laminated aluminum material manufacturing method
CN106367819A (zh) * 2016-11-07 2017-02-01 北京化工大学 一种功能纳米线的制备装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6342630U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-22

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB702687A (en) * 1950-06-12 1954-01-20 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Improvements in and relating to the cooling of ingots in the continuous casting of high-melting metals
US3366721A (en) * 1966-07-21 1968-01-30 Monsanto Co Process for treating filaments
US3415922A (en) * 1965-07-02 1968-12-10 Monsanto Co Mist spinning
US3461943A (en) * 1966-10-17 1969-08-19 United Aircraft Corp Process for making filamentary materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB702687A (en) * 1950-06-12 1954-01-20 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Improvements in and relating to the cooling of ingots in the continuous casting of high-melting metals
US3415922A (en) * 1965-07-02 1968-12-10 Monsanto Co Mist spinning
US3366721A (en) * 1966-07-21 1968-01-30 Monsanto Co Process for treating filaments
US3461943A (en) * 1966-10-17 1969-08-19 United Aircraft Corp Process for making filamentary materials

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3720741A (en) * 1969-10-03 1973-03-13 Monsanto Co Melt spinning process
US3752211A (en) * 1970-12-15 1973-08-14 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Method of making stretchable zinc fibers
US3845805A (en) * 1972-11-14 1974-11-05 Allied Chem Liquid quenching of free jet spun metal filaments
US4020891A (en) * 1974-11-11 1977-05-03 Brunswick Corporation Melt spinning process and machine
US4149584A (en) * 1976-10-15 1979-04-17 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Installation for the manufacture of wire by projecting a jet of liquid metal into a cooling fluid
US4153099A (en) * 1976-10-15 1979-05-08 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Cooling fluid for the manufacture of wire
US4312670A (en) * 1980-01-29 1982-01-26 National-Standard Company System for stretch casting filamentary shaped bodies
US20040231124A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2004-11-25 Toru Morimoto Metallic fiber nonwoven fabric manufacturing apparatus, its manufacturing method and laminated aluminum material manufacturing method
US7220292B2 (en) * 2001-07-18 2007-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Unix Metallic fiber nonwoven fabric manufacturing apparatus, its manufacturing method and laminated aluminum material manufacturing method
CN106367819A (zh) * 2016-11-07 2017-02-01 北京化工大学 一种功能纳米线的制备装置
CN106367819B (zh) * 2016-11-07 2018-10-02 北京化工大学 一种功能纳米线的制备装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2017320A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-22
DE1921721A1 (de) 1970-04-30
JPS4814295B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-07
CH500021A (fr) 1970-12-15
NL6906097A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-06
GB1261921A (en) 1972-01-26
BE738412A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-04

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