US3598575A - Process for treating cast iron - Google Patents

Process for treating cast iron Download PDF

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Publication number
US3598575A
US3598575A US724960A US3598575DA US3598575A US 3598575 A US3598575 A US 3598575A US 724960 A US724960 A US 724960A US 3598575D A US3598575D A US 3598575DA US 3598575 A US3598575 A US 3598575A
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United States
Prior art keywords
iron
magnesium
coating
refractory
reaction
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Expired - Lifetime
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US724960A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henri Jarysta
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Pont a Mousson SA
Centre de Recherches de Pont a Mousson
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Pont a Mousson SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12222—Shaped configuration for melting [e.g., package, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12389—All metal or with adjacent metals having variation in thickness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]

Definitions

  • a process for treating liquid iron comprising introducing at least one metallic inoculation product, such as pure magnesium, cerium, sodium, calcium or other metal or metal alloy, at the bottom of a bath of iron by means of an immersed bell, wherein said metallic inoculating product is introduced into the bath of iron in the form of at least one piece of said product totally covered with a coating of a refractory material, a part of the coating being thinner than the rest of the coating.
  • metallic inoculation product such as pure magnesium, cerium, sodium, calcium or other metal or metal alloy
  • the present invention relates to the treatment of cast iron and more particularly to the introduction into the liquid iron of an-inoculating metal for the purpose of obtaining a spheroidal graphite cast iron.
  • a process which comprises introducing pure magnesium in a hermetically closed ladle the interior of which is subjected to a certain pressure of air or neutral gas.
  • This process is advantageous and gives good results, but it is more particularly suitable for the treatment of small amounts of iron, for example 500-1500 kg.
  • Processes are also known which comprises the utilization, not of pure magnesium, but of alloys having a variable magnesium content, of the order of 5-30%.
  • alloys having a variable magnesium content of the order of 5-30%.
  • ferrosilicomagnesium is employed.
  • the disadvantage of these processes is that, for a given amount of magnesium, the cost of such an alloy is much higher than that of pure magnesium.
  • the amount of silicon that the alloy contains is excessive, it can be harmful in certain cases since it is not always desirable to introduce silicon into iron in excess of a certain amount.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a process for treating iron which remedies the aforementioned drawbacks and is suitable for the treatment of any amount of iron.
  • This process is of the type in which at least one metallic inoculation product, such as pure magnesium, cerium, sodium, calcium or other suitable inoculation metal or suitable inoculation metal alloy, is introduced at the bottom of a bath of iron by means of an immersed bell, said metallic inoculating product being introduced into the bath of iron in the form of at least one piece of said product covered with a coating of a refractory material.
  • at least one metallic inoculation product such as pure magnesium, cerium, sodium, calcium or other suitable inoculation metal or suitable inoculation metal alloy
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of equipment for carrying out the process according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are partial detail sectional views of the bell forming part of said equipment, these views illustrating the progressive consumption of the inoculating cakes;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are views similar to FIGS. 2-4 showing a modification of the manner of carrying out the process according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic sectional view of another modification of the equipment for carrying out the process according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a cake or ingot employed for the inoculation.
  • reaction by stages (FIGS. 1-4), thus termed since a purality of pieces of magnesium or other metal or alloy are consumed in succession which results in a plurality of reaction stages.
  • a ladle or vessel 1 which has a refractory lining, contains liquid metal, for example iron F, and is closed in its upper part by a cover 2 which is merely laid on the ladle.
  • the ladle has great height relative to the area of its base.
  • the cover 2 has an opening 3 for the escape of fumes resulting from the treatment.
  • Extending through the cover 2 is a rod which terminates at its lower end in a treating hell or apertured container 5 having a wall provided with apertures 6.
  • the bell 5 serves to introduce an amount of inoculating metal at the bottom of the ladle 1.
  • this amount of inoculating metal which pure magnesium, is in the form of pieces of metal 7*, 7 7 coated with a coating of refractory material 8 8 8, for example of the silico-alurninous type.
  • composition of such product may vary somewhat for technical or economical reasons. But it contains about 65% of silica and 22% of alumina, the balance being such elements as CaO, MgO, Fe O and Na O.
  • the magnesium pieces 7 7, 7, are produced merely by breaking up small pigs or ingots of commerciallyavailable magnesium. If desired, these pigs or ingots of magnesium can be employed wholly without being broken into pieces.
  • the pure magnesium pieces are immersed in a pulp of refractory material and dried in air. They are in this way coated with a refractory crust (8) and the 3 resulting cakes can be used once this crust has hardened.
  • cakes of different sizes and masses provided with different thicknesses of refractory coatings are advantageously employed. These different thicknesses are achieved by dipping the metal pieces in refractory pulps of different viscosities or by dipping them successively different numbers of times in the same pulp subsequent to intermediate drying between the successive dippings.
  • FIG. 1 shows, from top to bottom, pieces 7 7 7 of increasing sizes coated with refractory coatings 8a, 8, 8 of increasing thicknesses.
  • the ladle 1 having been filled with liquid iron F, the cover 2 is placed on this ladle after having mounted on this cover the rod 4 and the bell 5 in which are wedged, for example, three pieces of magnesium provided with their coatings.
  • the bell 5 is located at the bottom of the ladle.
  • the ladle 1 have a great height so as to afford a rising path of the magnesium which is as long as possible which results in a duration of contact between the magnesium and the iron which is as long as possible. This is the first stage of the reaction.
  • the crust 8 of the piece 7 is heated more slowly since it is thicker than the crust 8
  • the choice of the crust thicknesses is such that it is about when consumption of the first piece 7 has finished that the magnesium of the second piece 7 is brought superficially to the melting and vaporizing temperature and its crust 8 is broken.
  • the start of the second reaction stage follows on the end of the first.
  • the third reaction stage which corresponds to the consumption of the piece 7 having the thickest crust 8, starts at the end of the second stage, that is, after the complete melting and vaporization of the piece 7 having the crust 8 of medium thickness.
  • the start of the reaction in stages is ascertained a few seconds after the bell 5 has been placed at the bottom of the ladle 1 owing to the abundant amount of White fumes given off and the end of the treatment is revealed when the emission of fumes through the openings 3 diminishes in intensity and stops.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 which illustrate the progressive reaction method
  • a single small pig 9 is employed which is coated on one of its faces with a thin refractory crust 10 and on all the other faces with a thick refractory crust 11.
  • the reaction starts with a certain delay due to the resistance to the transmission of heat of the thin refractory coating 10. But the latter is the first heated and subsequently broken when the wall of magnesium it covers has reached the melting and vaporizing temperature.
  • the equipment comprises a ladle 1 which has a refractory lining and contains the liquid metal, for example iron F.
  • This ladle is capped by a vertically extended cover 10 which increases the height of the ladle.
  • This cover has openings 13 for the escape of fumes which result from the treatment and a refractory rod 4 extends through the cover and terminates at its lower end in a bell or com tainer provided with slots or other openings 6 allowing the escape of the vaporized magnesium.
  • This piece is for example produced by severing an ingot straight from casting into pieces of the desired length by means of shears, the ingot having a circular, rectangular, trapezoidal or other section.
  • the severed face of the piece 9 is coated with a thin refractory crust 10 and all the other faces of the ingot are coated with a thick uniform refractory crust 11 Whose thickness is 2-20 times greater than that of the thin crust 10.
  • the refractory crusts are, for example, of silico-aluminous material having, preferably, excellent adherence characteristics when cold and when hot and an excellent resistance to mechanical and thermic shocks.
  • the duration of the inoculation with the progressive reaction method is variable and can be selected, in accordance with needs, between 15-20 seconds and about 2 minutes by regulating the thickness of the main coating, that is, the thickness of the thick crust 11 and by judiciously choosing the area of the cross-section receiving the thin refractory crust 10.
  • the duration of the reaction must be as long as the layer 11 is thick. This is explained by the fact that the vaporization of the cake of magnesium 9 starts after the rapid cracking of the thin crust 10 coating the end face and increases progressively along a front parallel to this end face.
  • an ingot 9 of pure magnesium has a volume which is about /5 that of a piece of magnesium alloy of known type (iron, silicon, magnesium having 15% magnesium for example). Consequently, it is possible to employ a bell 5 which is shorter than the bells usually employed for the same amount of treated iron and this enables the vaporized magnesium to travel through a greater height of liquid iron up to the free surface of the iron. The yield of the treatment is thereby improved.
  • the yield R of magnesium is at least equal to 60% and there is obtained an iron having a graphite wholly in the spheroidal form.
  • reaction produced by cakes of magnesium pieces protected by a refractory coating according to the invention remains sufficiently rapid for treating successive pouring ladles employed in mass-production casting sites.
  • the process is very economical since it allows the utilization of crude small pigs in the state in which they are bought with no preparation other than the breaking thereof into pieces, the classifying of the pieces into different sizes and the immersion of whole pigs and pieces in pulps of refractory materials. These operations are simple and cheap to carry out.
  • the small pigs can be in the form of ingots having trapezoidal faces or in the form of round-section billets. Owing to the use of treating ladles of suitable dimensions affording a suitable height of iron above the treating bell 5, an excellent inoculation yield ls achieved.
  • the duration of the reaction, and therefore the yield, can be controlled by employing cakes of magnesium having refractory crusts of suitably diminishing thickness, as in the first embodiment, or by employing a single ingot having a suitable mass and a thin crust 10 on a small part of its outer surface and a thick crust 11 on the rest of its surface, as in the second embodiment.
  • cakes of magnesium coated with a refractory coating in accordance with the invention in special ladles of known type allowing a treatment in a retort under pressure, which considerably increases the yield of the treatment, that is, the yield of magnesium relative to treatments in these same special ladles with pure magnesium uncoated with a refractory coating.
  • reaction in stages and the progressive reaction can be employed simultaneously in combination, by employing a single pig 9, such as that shown in FIG. 5, and a plurality of cakes 7, such as those shown in FIG. 1, to make up the weight of magnesium necessary for the treatment of a given amount of iron.
  • the invention is also applicable to the treatment of iron with cerium or alkali metals, such as sodium and calcium, and to the treatment of iron with metal alloys, such as misch metal.
  • the invention permits the staggering of reactions by, for example, reacting in accordance with a preferential order metals and/or metal alloys by coating the pieces which must react first with a thinner refractory coating and the pieces which must react last with a thicker coating.
  • a process for treating liquid iron comprising introducing an amount of at least one metallic inoculation product at the bottom of a bath of iron by means of an apertured container held immersed, said amount of inoculating product being totally covered with a coating of a non-metallic refractory material before immersion in the bath and being in the form of at least one solid piece of said product, said coating having at least one part which is thinner than a remaining part of said coating, so that a part of said amount of inoculation product covered by said thinner part :of said coating comes in contact with said liquid iron before another part of said amount of inoculation product whereby said inoculation product comes into contact with said liquid metal in a progressive manner and the duration of contact is prolonged.
  • a process for treating liquid iron comprising introducing an amount of at least one metallic inoculation product selected from the group consisting of pure magnesium, cerium, sodium, calcium, a suitable inoculation metal, a suitable inoculation metal alloy, at the bottom of a bath of iron by means of an apertured container held immersed at the end of a rod, said amount of inoculating product being totally covered with a coating of a non-metallic refractory material before immersion in the bath and being in the form of at least one solid piece of said product, said coating having at least one part which is thinner than a remaining part of said coating, so that a part of said amount of inoculation product covered by said thinner part of said coating comes in contact with said liquid iron before another part of said amount of inoculation product whereby said inoculation product comes into contact with said liquid metal in a progressive manner and the duration of contact is prolonged.
  • a process for treating liquid iron comprising introducing at the bottom of a bath of liquid iron by means of an apertured container held immersed a plurality of pieces of at least one metallic inoculation product wholly coated with non-metallic refractory coatings of different thicknesses before immersion in the bath so that said pieces melt successively in the form of a reaction in stages proceeding in the order of the increasing thicknesses of the refractory coatings.
  • a process for treating liquid iron comprising introducing att he bottom of a bath of liquid iron by means of an apertured container held immersed at least one piece of at least one metallic inoculation product wholly coated with a non-metallic refractory coating before immersion in the bath, said piece having one face on which said refractory coating is thin, and other faces on which a. much thicker refractory coating is employed, so that said piece of inoculation product melts progressively along a front which is roughly parallel to said face of the piece initially coated with said thin coating.
  • a process as claimed in claim 3, comprising employing, in addition to said plurality of pieces of inoculation 8 product, a further piece of inoculation product wholly coated with a non-metallic refractory coating, said further piece of inoculation product having a face with a thin refractory coating and other faces with much thicker refractory coatings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US724960A 1967-05-09 1968-04-29 Process for treating cast iron Expired - Lifetime US3598575A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR105658A FR1547409A (fr) 1967-05-09 1967-05-09 Procédé perfectionné de traitement de la fonte
FR142187A FR94032E (fr) 1967-05-09 1968-03-04 Procédé perfectionné de traitement de la fonte.

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US3598575A true US3598575A (en) 1971-08-10

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US724960A Expired - Lifetime US3598575A (en) 1967-05-09 1968-04-29 Process for treating cast iron
US00134195A Expired - Lifetime US3717457A (en) 1967-05-09 1971-04-15 Composite means for treating cast iron

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US00134195A Expired - Lifetime US3717457A (en) 1967-05-09 1971-04-15 Composite means for treating cast iron

Country Status (9)

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US (2) US3598575A (fr)
AT (1) AT310211B (fr)
BE (1) BE713866A (fr)
CH (1) CH492787A (fr)
ES (1) ES353635A1 (fr)
FR (2) FR1547409A (fr)
GB (1) GB1191563A (fr)
NL (1) NL6806389A (fr)
SE (1) SE339240B (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3778250A (en) * 1969-02-26 1973-12-11 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Method for treating metallic melts
US3833361A (en) * 1970-07-06 1974-09-03 Kusaka Rare Metal Prod Co Ltd Method for adding special elements to molten pig iron
US3854939A (en) * 1972-04-17 1974-12-17 American Magnesium Co Method for inoculating molten metal with an inoculating material
US3955974A (en) * 1971-05-18 1976-05-11 Georg Fischer Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for treating a metal melt with a vaporizable substance
US4194903A (en) * 1976-10-12 1980-03-25 Hoesch Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing steel with the lowest possible sulfur content by desulfurization of pig iron with magnesium coke
US4199353A (en) * 1977-01-18 1980-04-22 Canron Inc. Molten metal treatment
US4204666A (en) * 1977-12-02 1980-05-27 Ford Motor Company In situ furnace metal desulfurization/nodularization by high purity magnesium
US4245691A (en) * 1977-12-02 1981-01-20 Ford Motor Company In situ furnace metal desulfurization/nodularization by high purity magnesium
US4500352A (en) * 1982-12-01 1985-02-19 Stanton And Staveley Limited Production of cast iron

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU67716A1 (fr) * 1973-06-01 1975-03-06
CS265400B1 (en) * 1987-09-24 1989-10-13 Jaroslav Ing Csc Polak Process for adding evaporable and meltable additives in melt ferrous alloys and device for making this process
CH680270A5 (fr) * 1990-01-05 1992-07-31 Fischer Ag Georg
JP2000176688A (ja) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 金属製廃製品の鋳物材料化方法とその装置及び該装置により得られる鋳物材料

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2574581A (en) * 1950-05-24 1951-11-13 Guy E Mckinney Alloying magnesium with ferrous metals
US2915386A (en) * 1955-01-24 1959-12-01 Vanadium Corp Of America Device for supplying treating agents sequentially to molten metal
GB964299A (en) * 1962-05-29 1964-07-22 Foseco Int Treatment of molten iron

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3778250A (en) * 1969-02-26 1973-12-11 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Method for treating metallic melts
US3833361A (en) * 1970-07-06 1974-09-03 Kusaka Rare Metal Prod Co Ltd Method for adding special elements to molten pig iron
US3955974A (en) * 1971-05-18 1976-05-11 Georg Fischer Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for treating a metal melt with a vaporizable substance
US3854939A (en) * 1972-04-17 1974-12-17 American Magnesium Co Method for inoculating molten metal with an inoculating material
US4194903A (en) * 1976-10-12 1980-03-25 Hoesch Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing steel with the lowest possible sulfur content by desulfurization of pig iron with magnesium coke
US4199353A (en) * 1977-01-18 1980-04-22 Canron Inc. Molten metal treatment
US4299624A (en) * 1977-01-18 1981-11-10 Canron Inc. Molten metal treatment
US4204666A (en) * 1977-12-02 1980-05-27 Ford Motor Company In situ furnace metal desulfurization/nodularization by high purity magnesium
US4245691A (en) * 1977-12-02 1981-01-20 Ford Motor Company In situ furnace metal desulfurization/nodularization by high purity magnesium
US4500352A (en) * 1982-12-01 1985-02-19 Stanton And Staveley Limited Production of cast iron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6806389A (fr) 1968-11-11
FR1547409A (fr) 1968-11-29
GB1191563A (en) 1970-05-13
CH492787A (fr) 1970-06-30
SE339240B (fr) 1971-10-04
ES353635A1 (es) 1970-02-16
US3717457A (en) 1973-02-20
DE1758268B2 (de) 1975-12-18
DE1758268A1 (de) 1971-01-07
FR94032E (fr) 1969-06-20
AT310211B (de) 1973-09-25
BE713866A (fr) 1968-09-16

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