US3595026A - Breakwater - Google Patents

Breakwater Download PDF

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Publication number
US3595026A
US3595026A US813480A US3595026DA US3595026A US 3595026 A US3595026 A US 3595026A US 813480 A US813480 A US 813480A US 3595026D A US3595026D A US 3595026DA US 3595026 A US3595026 A US 3595026A
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United States
Prior art keywords
elements
breakwater
waves
float
oncoming
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Expired - Lifetime
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US813480A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard Scholl
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RESA AG
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RESA AG
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Publication date
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

Definitions

  • the present invention broadly relates to improvements in a breakwater, especially one made of metal.
  • the object of a breakwater is generally to protect an area that lies behind it in relation to the wave front, from approaching waves.
  • breakwaters as hitherto known are solidly connected to the ground. However, this is difficult to achieve when the ground is sloping, and also when there are large fluctuations in the water level to contend with.
  • the invention is thus concerned with a breakwater connected to at least one float, or designed as an integral part of at least one float.
  • the effectiveness of the breakwater can be influenced substantially by its shape and installation. It has thus been found that elements of an essentially U-shaped form in horizontal cross section arranged at intervals side by side are especially effective in a breakwater, if the U-shaped form is directed with its concave side to the wave front. It is possible to determine through simple tests the dimensions of the elements and the spacing of them which is required to be effective against a particular wave action. If preferred, however, a prefabricated product can be made which will provide an average effectiveness against various wave conditions.
  • the individual elements of the breakwater are shaped in a similar manner in the vertical cross section to a snow low, they can deflect the oncoming waves and also counteract the lift of the float caused by the waves. Such elements which produce a self-dampening effect are therefore preferred.
  • the underside of the breakwater, or of a part connected to it can also be shaped to provide a downward suction effect, which can exert an additional stabilizing force on the breakwater.
  • the individual elements can consist of a continuously bent sheet of metal, or of several straight strips that are connected to one another at an angle to form a composite curve, as the water flow will not be seriously impeded by the small angular joints between adjacent strips.
  • the individual elements can also be modified by additional stifiening such as rigging, corrugations and the like,.
  • the elements for the breakwater can be manufactured from metal, or any other suitable material such as a plastic having the required strength qualities.
  • the breakwater of this invention can be connected either flexibly or solidly to a float.
  • the latter type of connection is preferable. It is also especially effective to arrange a breakwater along both sides of a floating jetty, which will stabilize the jetty.
  • FIG. I shows in plan view a diagrammatic arrangement of three elements of one embodiment of a breakwater constructed according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows in elevational view a diagrammatic arrangement of an element of another embodiment of a breakwater constructed according to this invention, this element being connected to a float.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show different arrangements of the curved elements of the breakwater of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • three elements I have U-shaped crosssections with the legs of the U angled outwardly. These elements 1 are arranged with a lateral space between them.
  • the oncoming wave is indicated by straight arrows 2, whereas the water flowing between the elements 1 is indicated by the forked arrows 3.
  • FIG. 1 In side view the elements shown in FIG. 1 can have any desired appropriate form. For example, they can be straight and essentially vertical or inclined.
  • FIG. 7. The embodiment shown in FIG. 7. is attached to a jetty 5.
  • the jetty 5 rests on a barrel 4 serving as a float.
  • the element of the breakwater 9 is fastened to the barrel 4 by a box frame 7 and the rib 8 as by welding or any other convenient technique.
  • Rib 8 constitutes a flat, vertical plate interconnecting frame 7 and element 9.
  • This breakwater element has a concave shape in vertical section so that the oncoming wave is deflected in the direction of the arrows 10.
  • the element 9 preferably has a horizontal cross section as shown in FIG. 1, and is furthermore arranged with a lateral gap between adjacent elements as shown in FIG. 1 for the elements 1.
  • a rib or plate 11 which is similar in function and structure to rib 8 of the embodiment of FIG. 2, can be used to support two concave elements 9', the two elements being joined at their upper portions with the concavities facing opposite directions to deflect waves arriving from, for example, open sea with one element and waves reflected from a shore installation or generated on the shoreside of the breakwater with the other.
  • the elements 9' are connected at the bottom by part of a cylinder 13. This part of the cylinder 13 is submerged entirely in the water and functions by suction as a stabilizer.
  • the hollow space between the elements 9' and the cylinder part 13 can also be used as a float or as ballast container for the purpose of damping vertical oscillations of the element.
  • FIG. 4 shows in side view the use of elements 90, and 90" arranged one in front of the other in spaced relationship to achieve a further division of the wave, as is indicated by the different arrows.
  • Elements 90, 90' and 90" can be provided with suitable bracing and substituted for element 9 in the structure of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 finally shows how an element such as 9 in FIG. 2 can be fabricated from straight sections 12 which can be of any desired width.
  • a breakwater comprising float means for supporting wave-deflecting elements
  • each of said plurality of elements having a concave vertical cross section with the concavity facing in the direction from which waves are coming,
  • said plurality of elements being attached to said float means to maintain the concavity toward oncoming wave fronts
  • said plurality of elements being attached to said float means in laterally spaced relationship.
  • a breakwater comprising float means for supporting wave-deflecting elements; and a plurality of vertical elements attached to said float means to deflect oncoming waves, each of said plurality of elements having a concave vertical cross section with the concavity facing in the direction from which waves are coming, said plurality of elements being attached to said float means to maintain the concavity toward oncoming wave fronts, said plurality of elements being attached to said float means in laterally spaced relationship, said breakwater further including a plurality of said vertical elements attached to said float means in spaced relation, one in front of the other.
  • a breakwater comprising the combination of a plurality of breakwater elements, each comprising a substantially rigid member having a surface confronting oncoming waves to deflect said waves back upon themselves, said surface being concave in both horizontal and vertical section, at least one float, and means for attaching said plurality of elements to said at least one float to maintain the concavity toward oncoming wave fronts, said elements being attached in laterally spaced relationship to pennit portions of oncoming waves to pass between adjacent elements.
  • each of said plurality of elements is formed with the lower portion of said surface confronting oncoming waves protruding further than the upper portion thereof in the direction from which waves are coming.
  • a breakwater comprising the combination of a plurality of breakwater elements, each comprising a substantially rigid member having a surface confronting oncoming waves, said surface being concave in both horizontal and vertical section, at least one float, means for attaching said plurality of elements to said at least one float in laterally spaced relationship to permit portions of oncoming waves to pass between adjacent elements, each of said plurality of elements being formed with the lower portion of said surface confronting oncoming waves protruding further than the upper portion thereof in the direction from which waves are coming, and a stabilizing member attached to the lower portion of each of said plurality of elements, said stabilizing member comprising a concave, cylindrically shaped plate having the concavity facing downwardly.
  • a breakwater comprising at least one float, a plurality of substantially vertical elements secured to said at least one float to deflect oncoming waves when said breakwater is installed in an offshore location, said plurality of elements being arranged in side-by-side laterally spaced relationship to permit parts of oncoming waves to pass between adjacent ones of said elements,
  • each of said elements having a U-shaped horizontal cross section, the legs of the U being divergent,
  • each of said elements having a C-shaped vertical cross section
  • a second plurality of substantially vertical elements secured to said at least one float to deflect waves approaching the breakwater from the opposite direction, the elements of said first and second pluralities of elements being arranged in pairs with the associated ones of said pairs opening in opposite directions.
  • pairs of elements in said first and second pluralities of elements being joined by said stabilizing member at their lower portions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
US813480A 1968-04-05 1969-04-04 Breakwater Expired - Lifetime US3595026A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH520468A CH488872A (de) 1968-04-05 1968-04-05 Wellenbrecher

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3595026A true US3595026A (en) 1971-07-27

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ID=4289674

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US813480A Expired - Lifetime US3595026A (en) 1968-04-05 1969-04-04 Breakwater

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3595026A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT288270B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH488872A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1909799A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK130020B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2005586A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1205388A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6904697A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO124703B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3724221A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-04-03 A Cool Water current directing apparatus
US3785159A (en) * 1972-11-21 1974-01-15 Fmc Corp Attenuation of water waves and control and utilization of wave-induced water movements
US3953977A (en) * 1973-07-16 1976-05-04 Mitsui Shipbuilding And Engineering Co. Ltd. Device for damping waves
US20100215435A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2010-08-26 Gushi Luo Breakwater
US20120251243A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
US20130058720A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Joseph Marcello Apparatus to reverse wave momentum

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3653214A (en) * 1970-05-21 1972-04-04 Exxon Production Research Co Oil film containment apparatus
US3800543A (en) * 1972-06-06 1974-04-02 W Moore Offset breakwater configuration
US4768896A (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-09-06 Moore Walter L Offset breakwater device
DE102011054621B4 (de) 2011-10-19 2020-12-10 Unit Parktech Ag Schwimmsteg, insbesondere für Wakeboard- und Wasserskianlagen
DE102013007612B4 (de) 2013-05-03 2018-06-21 Rixen Cableways GmbH Schwimmstegeinrichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US226663A (en) * 1880-04-20 Lancelot kirkup
US1397025A (en) * 1920-09-24 1921-11-15 White Manley Anson Portable floating breakwater or bulkhead
FR707767A (fr) * 1930-03-22 1931-07-15 Procédé d'établissement des quais, jetées ou similaires et nouveaux produits industriels en résultant
US2184462A (en) * 1939-01-05 1939-12-26 Milliken Foster Bulkhead, sea wall, and similar structures
US2994201A (en) * 1957-04-25 1961-08-01 Pure Oil Co Wave shield
US3276209A (en) * 1962-09-25 1966-10-04 Daryl R Mosdell Floating marine structure

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US226663A (en) * 1880-04-20 Lancelot kirkup
US1397025A (en) * 1920-09-24 1921-11-15 White Manley Anson Portable floating breakwater or bulkhead
FR707767A (fr) * 1930-03-22 1931-07-15 Procédé d'établissement des quais, jetées ou similaires et nouveaux produits industriels en résultant
US2184462A (en) * 1939-01-05 1939-12-26 Milliken Foster Bulkhead, sea wall, and similar structures
US2994201A (en) * 1957-04-25 1961-08-01 Pure Oil Co Wave shield
US3276209A (en) * 1962-09-25 1966-10-04 Daryl R Mosdell Floating marine structure

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3724221A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-04-03 A Cool Water current directing apparatus
US3785159A (en) * 1972-11-21 1974-01-15 Fmc Corp Attenuation of water waves and control and utilization of wave-induced water movements
US3953977A (en) * 1973-07-16 1976-05-04 Mitsui Shipbuilding And Engineering Co. Ltd. Device for damping waves
US20100215435A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2010-08-26 Gushi Luo Breakwater
US20120251243A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
US8974143B2 (en) * 2011-03-31 2015-03-10 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
US20150176236A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2015-06-25 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
US9315963B2 (en) * 2011-03-31 2016-04-19 Deep Down, Inc. Offshore atoll system and related methods of use
US20130058720A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Joseph Marcello Apparatus to reverse wave momentum

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1205388A (en) 1970-09-16
NO124703B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-23
DK130020C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-05-12
AT288270B (de) 1971-02-25
FR2005586A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-12
DE1909799A1 (de) 1970-02-19
CH488872A (de) 1970-04-15
DK130020B (da) 1974-12-09
NL6904697A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-10-07

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