US3593035A - Marginal switching arrangement - Google Patents

Marginal switching arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3593035A
US3593035A US776473A US3593035DA US3593035A US 3593035 A US3593035 A US 3593035A US 776473 A US776473 A US 776473A US 3593035D A US3593035D A US 3593035DA US 3593035 A US3593035 A US 3593035A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
transistor
transistors
coupled
level
reference voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US776473A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean Victor Martens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent NV
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to ALCATEL N.V., DE LAIRESSESTRAAT 153, 1075 HK AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, A CORP OF THE NETHERLANDS reassignment ALCATEL N.V., DE LAIRESSESTRAAT 153, 1075 HK AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, A CORP OF THE NETHERLANDS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/66—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with extinguishing material and pressure gas being stored in separate containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/145—Indicating the presence of current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The arrangement provides two long-tail transistor pairs with paralleled collector outputs and a detecting device branched across the above pair of outputs.
  • the input signal is compared with the upper and lower levels of the selected range by means of the first and a second transistor pair and gives rise to equal potentials at both ends of the detecting device except when this input signal is above or below the range.
  • the present invention relates to a marginal switching arrangement for operating an output detecting device when the amplitude of the input signal lies outside a predetermined range.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved marginal switching arrangement of the above type, which does not present the mentioned drawbacks.
  • the present marginal switching arrangement is characterized by the fact, that said device is included in the branch of a 4-pole circuit having no common pole with a source of energy feeding said circuit which includes at least two branches whose impedances are jointly controlled by said input signals and two fixed reference sources defining said range so that it acts as a substantially balanced bridge except when said input signals are above or below said range.
  • FIG. 1 shows a marginal switching arrangement in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of a detecting device used in FIG. 1.
  • the marginal switching arrangement shown therein comprises two long-tail transistor pairs .Q lQ and Q /Q
  • the bases of transistors Q and Q are connected in common and their junction point is connected to an output of a signal source S via a resistor R
  • the other output of signal source S is connected to ground.
  • the bases of transistors Q and Q are connected through respective resistors R, and R to the junction point of a resistor R and a Zener diode W forming potentiometer.
  • the other end of resistor R and the anode of diode W are respectively connected to a source V of positive DC potential and to ground.
  • the base of transistor Q is further connected to ground via a resistor R
  • the common connection points of the emitters of transistor pairs Q lQ and Q /Q, are connected to ground via a resistor R, and a resistor R (R /1R respectively. ResistorsR and'lit simulate constant current sources.
  • the junction points of the collectors of transistors Q,Q and Q Q, are interconnected via a relay Pr.
  • the output of the arrangement, referred to as OUT, is taken across a make contact p of relay Pr.
  • the marginal switching arrangement of FIG. 2 is similar to the arrangement of FIG. 1, except that the output relay Pr and its contact p are replaced by a bistate circuit comprising the PNP transistors Q Q and Q
  • the bases of transistors Q and Q are connected to the junction points of the collectors of transistors Q,--Q and Q Q respectively.
  • the emitters of transistors Q and Q are connected to each other and their junction point is connected to the source V via the emittercollector junction of the transistors Q which plays the role of a Zener diode.
  • relay Pr remains in its nonenergized condition and consequently its make contact p remains open.
  • the marginal arrangement of FIG. 2 is adapted for being used in applications where a high degree of accuracy is required or where high operation speed requirements exclude the use of relay Pr.
  • This arrangement provides a positive output voltage when the voltage applied to its input by the signal source S is outside the range fixed by the limits M and m.
  • the operation of the arrangement of FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. I as far as transistor pairs Q IQ and Q3/Q4 are concerned.
  • the output bistate circuit comprising the transistors 5 to Q operates as follows:
  • the total threshold voltage V of the latter circuit constituted by the Zener voltage of transistor Q plus the base-emitter voltage of transistor Q, or Q, is higher than the voltage drop across resistor R or R when the voltage provided by source S is within the range fixed by the limits M and m. In this condition neither transistor Q nor Q conducts; thus the output of the arrangement is at the ground potential.
  • a marginal switching circuit comprising:
  • a second transistor the emitter of which is coupled to the emitter of said first transistor
  • a third transistor the collector of which is coupled to the collector of said first transistor
  • a fourth transistor the emitter of which is coupled to the emitter of said third transistor and the collector of which is coupled to the collector of said second transistor;
  • a marginal switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein said responsive means is a current energized relay.
  • a marginal switching circuit according to claim 2, wherein said first and third transistors conduct and said second and fourth transistors are cut off when the level of said third variable voltage exceeds the range bounded by said first and second reference voltage levels thereby providing a current flow through said relay.
  • a marginal switching circuit according to claim 2, wherein said second and fourth transistors conduct and said first and third transistors are cut off when the level of said third variable voltage is below the range bounded by said first and second reference voltage levels, thereby providing a current flow through said relay.
  • a marginal switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein said responsive means comprises:
  • a fifth transistor the base of which is coupled to the collector of said first transistor
  • a sixth transistor the base of which is coupled to the collector of the second transistor, the emitters of said fifth and sixth transistors being coupled one to the other, and the collectors of said fifth and sixth transistors being coupled one to the other;
  • a marginal switching circuit according to claim 5, wherein said first and third transistors conduct and said second and fourth transistors are cut off when the level of said third voltage exceeds the range bounded by said first and second reference voltage levels, thereby providing that said fifth transistor conducts and said sixth transistor is cut off.
  • a marginal switching circuit according to claim 5, wherein said second and fourth transistors conduct and said first and third transistors are cut off when the level of said third voltage is below the range bounded by said first and second reference voltage levels, thereby providing that said sixth transistor conduct and said fifth transistor is cut off.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US776473A 1967-12-29 1968-11-18 Marginal switching arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3593035A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE708711 1967-12-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3593035A true US3593035A (en) 1971-07-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US776473A Expired - Lifetime US3593035A (en) 1967-12-29 1968-11-18 Marginal switching arrangement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3593035A (ko)
BE (1) BE708711A (ko)
ES (1) ES361970A1 (ko)
GB (1) GB1246815A (ko)
NL (1) NL6818685A (ko)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816761A (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-06-11 Rca Corp Comparator circuitry
US4122362A (en) * 1976-02-12 1978-10-24 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. Stepped pulse generator circuit
US4144551A (en) * 1977-01-13 1979-03-13 Value Engineering Company Power interrupter device for an electrical distribution system
US4292552A (en) * 1977-12-20 1981-09-29 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Bipolar voltage detector comprising differential transistor pairs
US4859872A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-08-22 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Synchronizing signal processing circuit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2931901A1 (de) * 1979-08-07 1981-02-26 Licentia Gmbh Monolithisch integrierter schwellwertschalter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139562A (en) * 1960-10-17 1964-06-30 Honeywell Regulator Co Voltage monitoring circuit
US3428826A (en) * 1964-07-03 1969-02-18 Gen Electric Co Ltd High and low voltage level threshold circuit employing two differential amplifier comparators
US3470497A (en) * 1966-11-09 1969-09-30 Felten & Guilleaume Gmbh Circuit arrangement for signalling the upper and lower limits of a voltage

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139562A (en) * 1960-10-17 1964-06-30 Honeywell Regulator Co Voltage monitoring circuit
US3428826A (en) * 1964-07-03 1969-02-18 Gen Electric Co Ltd High and low voltage level threshold circuit employing two differential amplifier comparators
US3470497A (en) * 1966-11-09 1969-09-30 Felten & Guilleaume Gmbh Circuit arrangement for signalling the upper and lower limits of a voltage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816761A (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-06-11 Rca Corp Comparator circuitry
US4122362A (en) * 1976-02-12 1978-10-24 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. Stepped pulse generator circuit
US4144551A (en) * 1977-01-13 1979-03-13 Value Engineering Company Power interrupter device for an electrical distribution system
US4292552A (en) * 1977-12-20 1981-09-29 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Bipolar voltage detector comprising differential transistor pairs
US4859872A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-08-22 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Synchronizing signal processing circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES361970A1 (es) 1970-11-16
DE1815681B2 (de) 1973-02-08
BE708711A (ko) 1968-07-01
DE1815681A1 (de) 1969-08-21
GB1246815A (en) 1971-09-22
NL6818685A (ko) 1969-07-01

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ALCATEL N.V., DE LAIRESSESTRAAT 153, 1075 HK AMSTE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004718/0023

Effective date: 19870311