US3590797A - Compression-ignition internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Compression-ignition internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3590797A
US3590797A US838492A US3590797DA US3590797A US 3590797 A US3590797 A US 3590797A US 838492 A US838492 A US 838492A US 3590797D A US3590797D A US 3590797DA US 3590797 A US3590797 A US 3590797A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cylinder
axis
outlet
lateral surface
inlet valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US838492A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans Jurgen Blank
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Motoren Werke Mannheim AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motoren Werke Mannheim AG filed Critical Motoren Werke Mannheim AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M1/00—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
    • F02M2700/43—Arrangements for supplying air, fuel or auxiliary fluids to a combustion space of mixture compressing engines working with liquid fuel
    • F02M2700/4302—Arrangements for supplying air, fuel or auxiliary fluids to a combustion space of mixture compressing engines working with liquid fuel whereby air and fuel are sucked into the mixture conduit
    • F02M2700/4392—Conduits, manifolds, as far as heating and cooling if not concerned; Arrangements for removing condensed fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • a compression-ignition internal combustion engine cylinder head contains an air inlet duct having two outlets encircled by theseats of two inlet valves of a cylinder.
  • the duct extends from a lateral head surface to one outlet and thence to the other.
  • a single covering shield shaped as a circular segment at the commencement of the one outlet has the ends of its inner edge on a line approximately radial of the cylinder as viewed axially and inclined to the axis of the associated valve, and has its inner edge, at the closest approach thereof to the latter axis, spaced from the latter axis an amount 0.25 to 0.45 times the inner diameter of the associated valve seat.
  • This invention relates to a cylinder head for a compressionignition internal combustion engine with fuel injection transversely to airflow circulating about the cylinder axis.
  • the head contains a swirl-producing inlet duct which leads from a single inlet at an outwardly facing lateral surface of the cylinder head to two curving outlets situated one after the other in the direction of flow of the entering air and encircled by respective valve seats for inlet valves mounted in the cylinder head.
  • the duct extends arcuately and in a narrowing fashion towards the valve seats situated in the cylinder head underside.
  • commencement region, nearest to the aforementioned outwardly facing lateral surface, of the first outlet leading to the first valve seat is situated nearer to that surface of the cylinder head bounding the end of the working space of the cylinder than is the commencement region, nearest to this lateral surface, of the second outlet leading to the second valve seat.
  • the radially inner wall of the duct with respect to the cylinder axis is substantially tangential to the inner peripheries of the valve seats
  • the radially outer wall of the duct with respect to the cylinder axis extends past the first valve seat in the region of the periphery of the working space and is substantially tangential to the inner periphery of the second valve seat
  • a single covering shield in the form of a segment of a circle at the commencement of the first outlet has the ends of its inner edge disposed on a straight line extending approximately radially of the cylinder axis.
  • a cylinder head with a covering shield at the commencement region, nearest the outwardly facing lateral surface, of the first outlet leading to the first valve seat is known from British Pat No. 587,276, which differs from the head initially described by a greatly different position and shape of the covering shield and the first outlet, and by the relative position to one another of the aforesaid commencement regions. Findings on which the present invention is based have shown that these differences reduce the air throughput quantity through the first inlet valve and, owing to the position of the shield, prejudice the production of a true eddy flow in the cylinder.
  • a further head is known from U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 2,318,9l4which difiers from the construction initially described in that the inlet duct does not start from one but two inlets at the lateral surface and also in that it does not have a covering shield. These difierences give a complicated construction of cylinder head and inlet manifold, and also a weak movement of air which is not suitable for the effective formation of fuel-air mixture in a high-speed internal combustion engine with fuel injection transversely to the air circulating in the cylinder.
  • the invention has as an object to obviate the disadvantages of known constructions, i.e. to provide a cylinder head which has good throughflow properties, produces an intensive air turbulence in the manner of a true eddy, flow adequate for mixture formation in a high-speed internal combustion engine with fuel injection transversely to the air circulating in the cylinder, and the airflow produced by which is also substantially insensitive to dimensional and position variations of the covering shield due to manufacturing tolerances.
  • a cylinder for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine having fuel injection transversely to airfiow about the cylinder axis, a cylinder head of said cylinder,
  • first portions of said cylinder head defining an outwardly facing lateral surface thereof, first and second inlet valve means in said cylinder head and spaced-apart about the axis of said cylinder, the first inlet valve means being nearer to said lateral surface than is the second inlet valve means, second portions of said cylinder head defining a bounding surface thereof bounding an end of the working space of said cylinder, third portions of said cylinder head defining first and second inlet valve seats for said first and second inlet valve means, fourth portions of said cylinder head defining an inlet duct having a single inlet in said lateral surface and first and second outlets encircled by the respective valve seats, said inlet duct extending to the first outlet and thence immediately to the second outlet, having an outer lateral surface which is radially outer with respect to the cylinder axis, and having an inner lateral surface which is radially inner with respect to the cylinder axis, and a single covering shield in the fonn of a segment of a circle disposed at the commence
  • said inner lateral surface is substantially tangential to the inner peripheries of said seats and said outer lateral surface extends past the first inlet valve seat in the region of the periphery of said working space and is substantially tangential to the inner periphery of the second inlet valve seat,
  • said inlet duct curves arcuately towards said seats and meanwhile narrows
  • commencement region of said first outlet nearest to said lateral surface is nearer to said bounding surface than is that commencement region of said second outlet nearest to said lateral surface
  • said inner edge extends, at an oblique inclination with respect to said axis of said first inlet valve means, from said commencement region of said first outlet to said commencement region of said second outlet, and, at its closest approach to said axis of said first inlet valve means, is spaced a distance from this axis of between 0.25 and 0.45 times the inner diameter of said first inlet valve seat, and, as viewed in said axial direction, the two ends of said inner edge are disposed on a straight line which extends approximately radially of said cylinder axis.
  • FIG. I shows a vertical section through a cylinder head of a compression-ignition internal combustion engine, the section being taken on the line H of FIG. 2, which contains the longitudinal axis of an air inlet duct of the cylinder head,
  • FIG. 2 shbws a section taken on the line [1-11 of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a section taken on the line Ill-Ill of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 shows a section taken on the line IV-IV of FIG. 2,
  • the inlet duct leads from an inlet 1 in an outwardly facing lateral surface of the cylinder head to a first outlet 9 and thence, in the flow direction of the entering air, to a second outlet 1 l of the duct.
  • Theinlet poppet valves 5 and 6 mounted in the cylinder head 4 cooperate with valve seats 2 and 3 encircling the outlets 9 and 1H and situated in the undersurface 7 of the cylinder head bounding the upper end of the working space of the cylinder.
  • the inlet duct extends arcuately towards the valve seats 2 and 3 and meanwhile narrows.
  • That commencement region 8 of the outlet 9 nearest to the inlet 1 and the undersurface 7 is situated nearer to the cylinder head undersurface 7 than that commencement region iii of the outlet 11 nearest the inlet 1 and the undersurface 7.
  • that lateral surface l2 of the inlet duct which is radially inner with respect to the cylinder axis i9 is tangential to the inner peripheries l3 and 14 of the valve seats 2 and 3
  • that lateral surface 15 of the inlet duct which is radially outer with respect to the axis 19 extends past the first valve seat 2 in the vicinity of the periphery B6 of the cylinder working space, and is tangential to the inner periphery M of the second valve seat 3.
  • a covering shield 17 Arranged at the commencement of the outlet 9 is a covering shield 17 which is in the form of a segment of a circle and which, as FIG. 3 shows, emerges out of the commencement region 8 and forms a portion of the cylinder head casting.
  • the inner edge 18 of the covering shield 17 extends approximately on a radius 20 from the cylinder axis 19.
  • the inner edge 18 is obliquely inclined to the axis 21 of the first inlet valve 5.
  • the covering shield 17 and its inner edge 18 extend from the commencement region 8 to the commencement region 10.
  • the inner edge 18 has a spacing a from the axis 21 which amounts to 0.25 to 0.45 times the internal diameter d of the first valve seat 2;
  • the covering shield 22 shown in FIG. 5 differs from the shield 17 by being crescent-shaped as viewed in Fit ⁇ . 5, the inner edge 23 being concave, and a chord 2d drawn from one to the other of the ends of the edge 23 extends approximately in the direction of the radius 2th.
  • the fuel is injected into the cylinder by an injection nozzle 25, arranged on, or close to, the cylinder axis 119, as several individual jets shortly before the piston reaches top dead center.
  • the individual fuel jets (not shown) are directed radially outwards from the nozzle nose at a slight inclination away from the undersurface 7.
  • the air particles circulating in the cylinder must just pass through one sector between two adjacent fuel jets during the injection period of a good mixture is to be formed. It is assumed that one individual fuel jet is so blown that it approximately fills the next sector downstream and finds there the air necessary for its combustion. Tests have shown that a specific whirling speed gives the best mixture formation for a specific injection duration and a specific number of fuel jets.
  • the speed distribution of the air issuing at the valve circumference is unequal, and in fact the speed of the airflowing through the valve gap is greatest where the airflowing from the inlet duct is subjected to the least deflection, and is smallest where it experiences the greatest deflection.
  • the velocity factors disposed as a continuation of the direction of flow in the inlet duct are therefore the maxima and so also are their components in the plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis.
  • a vectorial addition of the velocity components in this plane gives a resultant which obliges the air situated in the cylinder to carry out a rotational movement when the valve is arranged, as usual, to one side of the cylinder axis and in the vicinity of the periphery of the working space and when the inlet duct extends approximately tangentially to the periphery of the working space.
  • An effective air inflow into the cylinder i.e. an air inflow directed appropriately for stimulating the necessary true eddy flow and of an adequate strength, not only requires an appropriate shape and position of the inlet duct and the covering shield, but also requires an accelerated flow in the region of the outlets 9 and i i as free from loss anddetachment as possible.
  • This requirement is met by the narrowing cross-sectional course of the outlet ill, and the arrangement of the covering shield 17, which leads the airflow into the outlet 11 without substantial turbulence formation.
  • the flow about the coveringshield to the valve seat 2 is in fact not turbulence-free, but the airflow issuingfrom the valve 5 would not be able to contribute to producing the necessary true eddy flow without the directing effect of the shield 17.
  • the inclined position of the inner edge 18 and the indicated values for the spacing a have the effect that the turbulence losses are within acceptable limits having regard to the desired overall result.
  • a cylinder for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine having fuel injection transversely to airflow about the cylinder axis, a cylinder head of said cylinder, first portions of said cylinder head defining an outwardly facing lateral surface thereof, first and second inlet valve means in said cylinder head and spaced-apart about the axis of said cylinder, the first inlet valve means being nearer to said lateral surface than is the second inlet valve means, second portions of said cylinder head defining a bounding surface thereof bounding an end of the working space of said cylinder, third portions of said cylinder head defining first and second inlet valve seats for said first and second inlet valve means, fourth portions of said cylinder head defining an inlet duct having a single inlet in said lateral surface and first and second outlets encircled by the respective valve seats, said inlet duct extending to the first outlet and thence immediately to the second outlet, having an outer lateral surface which is radially outer with respect to the cylinder axis, and having an inner
  • said inner lateral surface is substantially tangential to the inner peripheries of said seats and said outer lateral surface extends past the first inlet valve seat in the region of the periphery of said working space and is substantially tangential to the inner periphery of the second inlet valve seat,
  • said inlet duct curves arcuately towards said seats and meanwhile narrows
  • commencement region of said first outlet nearest to said lateral surface is nearer to said bounding surface than is that commencement region of said second outlet nearest to said lateral surface
  • said inner edge extends, at an oblique inclination with respect to said axis of said first inlet valve means, from said commencement region of said first outlet to said commencement region of said second outlet, and, at its closest approach to said axis of said first inlet valve means, is spaced a distance from this axis of between 0.25 and 0.45 times the inner diameter of said first inlet valve seat, and, as viewed in said axial direction, the two ends of said inner edge are disposed on a straight line which extends approximately radially of said cylinder axis.
  • said covering shield is crescent-shaped, said inner edge being concavely curved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US838492A 1968-07-06 1969-07-02 Compression-ignition internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3590797A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681751664 DE1751664A1 (de) 1968-07-06 1968-07-06 Drallerzeugender Einlasskanal

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US3590797A true US3590797A (en) 1971-07-06

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US838492A Expired - Lifetime US3590797A (en) 1968-07-06 1969-07-02 Compression-ignition internal combustion engines

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US (1) US3590797A (es)
BE (1) BE735704A (es)
CH (1) CH494345A (es)
DE (1) DE1751664A1 (es)
DK (1) DK129870B (es)
ES (1) ES369199A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2014528A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1239100A (es)
NL (1) NL6910154A (es)
NO (1) NO121475B (es)
SE (1) SE340915B (es)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861375A (en) * 1972-02-16 1975-01-21 Berliet Automobiles Cylinder head for a diesel engine
US4159011A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-06-26 General Motors Corporation Engine cylinder inlet port

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2243269C2 (de) * 1972-09-02 1982-04-22 Günter 8543 Hilpoltstein Elsbett Luftzuführungssystem, insbesondere Ansaugleitungssystem

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2318914A (en) * 1941-07-15 1943-05-11 American Locomotive Co Internal combustion engine
GB587276A (en) * 1944-05-16 1947-04-21 William Spoor Improvements in or relating to liquid-fuel injection internal-combustion engines
US3045655A (en) * 1960-04-30 1962-07-24 Fiat Spa Cylinder head for internal combustion reciprocating engines
US3154059A (en) * 1962-10-25 1964-10-27 Southwest Res Inst Stratified spark ignition internal combustion engine
US3330264A (en) * 1965-08-09 1967-07-11 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Cylinder for an internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2318914A (en) * 1941-07-15 1943-05-11 American Locomotive Co Internal combustion engine
GB587276A (en) * 1944-05-16 1947-04-21 William Spoor Improvements in or relating to liquid-fuel injection internal-combustion engines
US3045655A (en) * 1960-04-30 1962-07-24 Fiat Spa Cylinder head for internal combustion reciprocating engines
US3154059A (en) * 1962-10-25 1964-10-27 Southwest Res Inst Stratified spark ignition internal combustion engine
US3330264A (en) * 1965-08-09 1967-07-11 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Cylinder for an internal combustion engine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861375A (en) * 1972-02-16 1975-01-21 Berliet Automobiles Cylinder head for a diesel engine
US4159011A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-06-26 General Motors Corporation Engine cylinder inlet port

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES369199A1 (es) 1971-05-16
DK129870B (da) 1974-11-25
CH494345A (de) 1970-07-31
DE1751664A1 (de) 1972-01-27
GB1239100A (es) 1971-07-14
SE340915B (es) 1971-12-06
FR2014528A1 (es) 1970-04-17
NL6910154A (es) 1970-01-08
BE735704A (es) 1969-12-16
NO121475B (es) 1971-03-01
DK129870C (es) 1975-04-21

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