US3589830A - Method of and apparatus for controlling a variable pitch steering propeller - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for controlling a variable pitch steering propeller Download PDF

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Publication number
US3589830A
US3589830A US820374A US3589830DA US3589830A US 3589830 A US3589830 A US 3589830A US 820374 A US820374 A US 820374A US 3589830D A US3589830D A US 3589830DA US 3589830 A US3589830 A US 3589830A
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United States
Prior art keywords
propeller
motor
pitch
load
generating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US820374A
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English (en)
Inventor
Olof Rolf Gosta Mogren
Tord Birger Svensson
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KARLSTAD MEKANISKA AB
KARLSTADS MEKANISKA AB
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KARLSTAD MEKANISKA AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H3/00—Propeller-blade pitch changing
    • B63H3/10—Propeller-blade pitch changing characterised by having pitch control conjoint with propulsion plant control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/46—Steering or dynamic anchoring by jets or by rudders carrying jets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/0206—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to water vehicles

Definitions

  • a variable pitch steering propeller for a ship is controlled by continuously monitoring the power supplied to the propeller to drive it and producing a signal indicative thereof, generating a reference signal indicative of a desired U.S.Cl propeller power output, comparing the two signals and 4l5/35,4l6/35 producing a control signal representative of the difference Int. Cl B63h 25/42 between the actual power signal and the reference signal and Field of Search 416/35, 43, adjusting the pitch of the propeller in accordance with the 31, 38, 157 control signal.
  • This invention relates to a methodof and an apparatus for controlling a variable pitch propeller, and particularly for controlling a steering propeller located in a tunnel extending athwart the hull of a ship.
  • Steering propeller installations of the kind referred to above, such as that described and shown in, for-example, US. Pat. No. 3,002,486, provide a turning effect on the ship by the action of a steering propeller that drives a stream of water through a tunnel athwart the ship.
  • the steering propeller is usually driven by an electric motor, although other sources of driving power may be used.
  • the blades of the steering propeller are mounted to a hub in a manner such that their pitch may be adjusted, generaLly by means of a hydraulic adjusting mechanism comprising a hydraulic cylinder and piston arranged in the hub and equipment for providing and controlling the delivery of a hydraulic fluid to the cylinder.
  • the hydraulic adjusting mechanism is usually arranged for remote control from the bridge of the ship.
  • a steering propeller especially one located in a tunnel athwart the hull, is often operated under conditions which vary considerably as a result of such changing factors as the direction of movement of the ship relative to the water and is also subject to intrusion of foreign objects, e.g., ice or debris into the tunnel which affect operation.
  • steering propeller installations known heretofore are, in principle, arranged for direct setting of the propeller pitch from the bridge, there is always a risk that the pitch may be set to values which, under certain conditions of operation, will overload the driving motor of the steering propeller or means that the propeller installation may not be utilized in the most efficient way. An overload may cause motor breakdown and consequent lost steering ability.
  • the energy requirement for powering a steering propeller is determined by the pitch and the speed of the propeller as well as by the operating conditions, for example, the speed and direction of the ship relative to the water and the presence of obstacles such as ice or debris in the tunnel.
  • One aspect of the invention is a solution for the problem of how to limit the power consumption of the steering propeller to values that do not exceed the safe-operating power of the driving motor and that provide for the intended steering effect.
  • the method involves, basically, the control of the pitch-setting mechanism of the propeller blades in accordance with a signal from a control device representing the difference between, on one hand, a reference value signal indicative of a desired output of the driving power of the steering propeller and, on the other hand,
  • an actual load signal indicative of the actual power output of the driving motor or engine.
  • the transverse thrust for steering a ship which is produced by the steering propeller, is mainly determined by the power consumed by the steering propeller. It is therefore advantageous to control this power directly within the proper limits allowed for the motor.
  • the motor output load-sensing device may therefore comprise a current transformer connected in the power supply line to the motor, since the motor power output under those conditions is proportional to the current.
  • the embodiment of the control system is depicted in the drawing in association with a marine steering system that comprises a propeller I mounted in a transverse tunnel through the hull of a ship (not shown) and driven by an electric motor 9 through an appropriate gear system 7.
  • the blades 5 of the propeller are mounted on a hub 3 in such a manneras to be rotatable about radial axes, relative to the hub, to provide pitch settings ranging from a maximum pitch to provide propulsion in one direction to a maximum pitch providing propulsion in the other direction.
  • the pitch of the propeller blades 5 is altered and is maintained in any selected position by a hydraulic pitch-setting mechanism 11 composed of a hydraulic cylinder 13 having a double-acting piston 15 and supplied from a source of hydraulic pressure 21 through a controllable valve 17, such as a solenoid valve.
  • the hydraulic pressure source 21 may be connected, by way of the hydraulic lines 23 to the cylinder 13 selectively to deliver pressure to either side of the piston 15 in accordance with the position of the valve. If the valve 17 is set so that hydraulic pressure is delivered to the left side of the piston, the pitch ofthe propeller blades 5 is changed in one direction, an similarly the delivery of hydraulic pressure to the right side of the piston alters the propeller pitch in the other direction.
  • the activation of the steering system and the control of its operation is preferably accomplished from the bridge of the ship, and to that 'end, a controller 25 is provided on the bridge.
  • the controller includes a start-stop switch 26, or any other suitable medium for starting and stopping the motor 9 and activating the control system when it is desired to use the steering system to maneuver the ship.
  • the starting apparatus is operated at the bridge and initiates the starting sequence provided by the motor start control 28, which may be any suitable form of starting circuitry, usually relay circuitry, for starting and running the motor 9 up to speed.
  • the steering control system ensures that the propeller blades are in a neutral (zero pitch) position during motor starting, so that the load on the electric drive motor is at a minimum until the motor has reached operating speed.
  • the controller 25 is provided with a suitable device for generating a variable reference signal representing a desired which the output is a continuously variable alternating current' signal.
  • a control lever is adjusted by the operator to select any desired propeller loading over a range corresponding to a maximum propeller power output in one direction to a maximum power output in the other direction (i.e., full starboard or full port steering effect).
  • movement of the lever 27 to any position results in the development of a corresponding reference signal on the conductor 25a, which in turn controls the desired steering propeller output and direction.
  • an appropriate interlock between the motor start control and the controller prevents operation of the control system until the motor 9 has reached operating speed.
  • the maximum reference signal generated by the controller 25, for either pitch direction, is limited to a value that provides a propeller power output that is not in excess of a safe-operating load on the motor 9; As will be apparent below, the controller thus establishes a maximum power load on the motor and prevents overloading and the consequent possibility of damage to or burnout of the motor.
  • the power output of the motor is continuously monitored and a signal produced that is compared with the reference signal set on the controller 25.
  • the power monitor 33 may comprise a current amplifier receiving an AC signal from a current transformer (not shown) in the line (s) between the power supply and motor armature.
  • the power monitor 33 provides a continuous signal indicative of the actual power output of the motor, such signal being appropriately termed an actual load" signal.
  • the actual load signal from the power monitor 33 and the reference signal from the controller 25 are compared in a comparator 29, which may beof any of a 'number of electrical or electronic devices that are, per se, well known in the art, such as voltage, phase or polarity detecting relay circuits.
  • the comparator 2 detects any difference between the actual load signal and the reference signal and produces an output signal on the conductor 30, representative of an error or correction value, and the correction signal is used to operate the solenoid valve 17 in an appropriate manner to deliver hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic cylinder to alter the pitch in the manner required to match the actual propeller output with the preset control value selected at the controller 25.
  • the actual load signal from the power monitor 33 may be referred to as the first signal
  • the reference signal from the controller 25 may be referred to as the second signal
  • the correction signal from the comparator 29 may be referred to as the third signal.
  • the controller operating lever 27 which is a manually operable control located on the bridge of the ship, is moved to an indicated position, such that the controller generates a reference signal corresponding to the maximum output of the propeller to provide propulsion in the starboard direction.
  • the reference signal on the conductor 25a and the signal from the power monitor 33 are compared in the comparator.
  • the error signal decreases to a minimum value and the solenoid valve is shifted to a position shutting off the hydraulic line, thereby leaving the propeller pitch set to the proper position.
  • an increased error signal is generated in the comparator and is supplied to the solenoid valve to reduce the propeller pitch until there is again a balance between the motor output and the present propeller output.
  • the error signal again drops to its minimum value, and the propeller blades remain set in the new, readjusted pitch position.
  • control system provides for the maintenance of a preestablished propeller power output regardless of the conditions'under which the propeller is operating and in accordance with any change in the conditions in the steering propeller tunnel.
  • the propeller blade pitch will be altered appropriately by the control system without manual correction by the operator to maintain a desired propulsion output in a given direction, but in no case placing a.demand on the motor in excess of a safe-operating load.
  • the apparatus of the invention also includes a system for ensuring that the motor cannot be started when the propeller blades are in any position other than a neutral pitch position, thus providing for starting the motor under a minimum load condition.
  • the apparatus includes a pitch position monitor 35, which may be any suitable electromechanical or electrical device.
  • the pitch position monitor 35 may be arranged to be under the control of the controller 25 so that an any time the controller is operated to start the motor the pitch position monitor is also energized.
  • the monitor is preferably arranged to provide an interlock signal, on a conductor 36, which renders the motor start control 28 inoperative. If the propeller blades are in any position other than a neutral position, the motor start control is thus overridden. in the meantime, the pitch position monitor 35 also generates a signal indicative of the propeller pitch position, and that signal is supplied to a comparator 29a, which may actually be a subcomponent of the main comparator 29.
  • the controller 25 is arranged automatically to provide, at such time as the motor power is turned off, a reference signal and to conduct the signal to the comparator 29a.
  • a reference signal is representative of the desired pitch, usually neutral position, of the propeller blades during motor start-up.
  • the comparator 29a compares that reference signal with the pitch position monitor signal and produces an error signal which controls the operation of the solenoid valve 17.
  • the reference signal is established at a value sufficient to produce in the comparator an error signal for any position of the propeller blades other than the desired position of the blades during motor starting.
  • the error signal is connected to the solenoid valve over the conductor 31 and actuates the valve appropriately to provide hydraulic pressure delivery to the cylinder in a manner such as to actuate the hydraulic mechanism and move the propeller blades to the starting position.
  • the controller is designed to carry out the starting, or zero pitch, adjustment automatically whenever the steering system is turned off.
  • This can be accomplished in a number of ways, such as by providing a timer or latching relay to maintain the pitch position monitor and hydraulic pressure equipment in operation for either a sufiicient time tocomplete a centering operation or until such time as the centering operation. is completed with automatic shut-off.
  • the comparator 29a may be made operable only when the start-stop switch 26 is in the off position, during which time the comparator 29 is inoperative. Accordingly, the propeller blades are moved to a neutral pitch position when p the steering system is shut down and are therefore in a position for starting up when'the steering system is activated again.
  • a method of controlling the load on an electric motor used to drive a variable pitch steering propeller of a ship comprising:
  • step of generating the first signal comprises passing at least a portion of the current flowing into the motor through a current generator.
  • step of generating the second signal includes the manipulation of a manually operable control on the bridge of the ship.
  • a ship having a steering propeller of variable pitch disposed within a tunnel extending athwart the hull of the ship and an electric motor for driving the steering propeller wherein the improvement comprises, a means for generating a first electrical signal indicative of the current flow into the motor, a means for generating a second-electrical signal indicative of a selected load for the motor, a comparitor means arranged to receive said first and second electrical signals for generating a third electrical signal indicative of the difference .therebetween, and means for adjusting the pitch of the propeller in response to the third signal.
  • the means for generating the first electrical signal comprises a current generator arranged so that at least a portion of the current supplied to the electric motor flows through it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
US820374A 1968-05-03 1969-04-30 Method of and apparatus for controlling a variable pitch steering propeller Expired - Lifetime US3589830A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE5977/68A SE312497B (de) 1968-05-03 1968-05-03

Publications (1)

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US3589830A true US3589830A (en) 1971-06-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US820374A Expired - Lifetime US3589830A (en) 1968-05-03 1969-04-30 Method of and apparatus for controlling a variable pitch steering propeller

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3589830A (de)
CA (1) CA924798A (de)
CH (1) CH487016A (de)
DE (1) DE1922565A1 (de)
ES (1) ES366703A1 (de)
FI (1) FI44533B (de)
FR (1) FR2007763A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1200588A (de)
NL (1) NL6906642A (de)
NO (1) NO123680B (de)
SE (1) SE312497B (de)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4523891A (en) * 1983-06-15 1985-06-18 United Technologies Corporation Propeller pitch change actuation system
US4533295A (en) * 1982-12-20 1985-08-06 United Technologies Corporation Pitch control system for variable pitch propeller
US4588354A (en) * 1983-08-05 1986-05-13 United Technologies Corporation Engine speed control in propeller pitch control systems
US4639192A (en) * 1984-04-11 1987-01-27 American Standard Inc. Propeller pitch controlling arrangement having a fuel economizing feature
US4656362A (en) * 1982-11-08 1987-04-07 United Technologies Corporation Blade pitch angle control for large wind turbines
US4900280A (en) * 1988-08-16 1990-02-13 Midttun Ole H Apparatus for detecting the pitch of a marine controllable pitch propeller
US5019006A (en) * 1990-02-26 1991-05-28 Schneider Roy W Aircraft engine propeller overspeed protection technical field
WO1991009774A1 (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-07-11 United Technologies Corporation Pitch control system
US5037271A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-06 United Technologies Corporation Pitch control system
US5186608A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-02-16 United Technologies Corporation Hydraulic low pitch switch for propeller pitch change system
US5209640A (en) * 1989-12-30 1993-05-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Pitch control apparatus for variable pitch propeller
US5284418A (en) * 1991-07-29 1994-02-08 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electric pitch control apparatus for variable pitch propeller capable of controlling the pitch angle based instantaneous operational conditions of the propeller
US5299911A (en) * 1991-07-25 1994-04-05 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electric pitch control apparatus for variable-pitch propeller
US5415523A (en) * 1992-09-23 1995-05-16 Mueller; Peter Control system for variable-pitch boat propeller
US6196797B1 (en) * 1999-08-23 2001-03-06 Cessna Aircraft Company Electronic self-powered propeller governor
US6379114B1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-04-30 Brunswick Corporation Method for selecting the pitch of a controllable pitch marine propeller
US20060024153A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Rolls-Royce Plc Controlling a plurality of devices
US20090144039A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2009-06-04 Marorka Ehf Optimization of Energy Source Usage in Ships
US20100008779A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-14 Carvalho Paul A Integrated actuator for a propeller system
CN101660493A (zh) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-03 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 用于测试桨距系统故障的桨距控制系统
US8465257B1 (en) 2008-10-31 2013-06-18 Brp Us Inc. Variable pitch propeller
US8535007B2 (en) 2010-05-18 2013-09-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Hydraulic actuator locking device
US20200017196A1 (en) * 2018-07-10 2020-01-16 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. System and method for feathering an aircraft propeller
US20200017197A1 (en) * 2018-07-10 2020-01-16 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. System and method for feathering an aircraft propeller
US20210276693A1 (en) * 2020-03-03 2021-09-09 Embraer S.A. Propeller governor for electric synchronous thrust
US11358696B2 (en) * 2017-07-06 2022-06-14 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Method of starting an internal combustion engine of a hybrid propulsion system in a marine vessel and a hybrid propulsion system in a marine vessel

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4239454A (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-12-16 American Standard Inc. Overload protection control circuit for marine engines
DE3938567C1 (de) * 1989-11-21 1991-04-11 Urs Wollerau Ch Morgenthaler

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2619183A (en) * 1945-05-12 1952-11-25 Curtiss Wright Corp Aircraft propeller control system
US2669312A (en) * 1949-05-24 1954-02-16 Gen Motors Corp Aircraft propeller speed controller
GB822564A (en) * 1955-06-23 1959-10-28 United Aircraft Corp A control system for a device to be controlled
US3253658A (en) * 1965-06-03 1966-05-31 Garrett Corp Torque meter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2619183A (en) * 1945-05-12 1952-11-25 Curtiss Wright Corp Aircraft propeller control system
US2669312A (en) * 1949-05-24 1954-02-16 Gen Motors Corp Aircraft propeller speed controller
GB822564A (en) * 1955-06-23 1959-10-28 United Aircraft Corp A control system for a device to be controlled
US3253658A (en) * 1965-06-03 1966-05-31 Garrett Corp Torque meter

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4656362A (en) * 1982-11-08 1987-04-07 United Technologies Corporation Blade pitch angle control for large wind turbines
US4533295A (en) * 1982-12-20 1985-08-06 United Technologies Corporation Pitch control system for variable pitch propeller
US4523891A (en) * 1983-06-15 1985-06-18 United Technologies Corporation Propeller pitch change actuation system
US4588354A (en) * 1983-08-05 1986-05-13 United Technologies Corporation Engine speed control in propeller pitch control systems
US4639192A (en) * 1984-04-11 1987-01-27 American Standard Inc. Propeller pitch controlling arrangement having a fuel economizing feature
US4900280A (en) * 1988-08-16 1990-02-13 Midttun Ole H Apparatus for detecting the pitch of a marine controllable pitch propeller
US5037271A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-06 United Technologies Corporation Pitch control system
WO1991009774A1 (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-07-11 United Technologies Corporation Pitch control system
US5042966A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-27 United Technologies Corporation Pitch control system
US5209640A (en) * 1989-12-30 1993-05-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Pitch control apparatus for variable pitch propeller
US5019006A (en) * 1990-02-26 1991-05-28 Schneider Roy W Aircraft engine propeller overspeed protection technical field
US5299911A (en) * 1991-07-25 1994-04-05 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electric pitch control apparatus for variable-pitch propeller
US5284418A (en) * 1991-07-29 1994-02-08 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electric pitch control apparatus for variable pitch propeller capable of controlling the pitch angle based instantaneous operational conditions of the propeller
US5186608A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-02-16 United Technologies Corporation Hydraulic low pitch switch for propeller pitch change system
US5415523A (en) * 1992-09-23 1995-05-16 Mueller; Peter Control system for variable-pitch boat propeller
US6196797B1 (en) * 1999-08-23 2001-03-06 Cessna Aircraft Company Electronic self-powered propeller governor
US6379114B1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-04-30 Brunswick Corporation Method for selecting the pitch of a controllable pitch marine propeller
US20060024153A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Rolls-Royce Plc Controlling a plurality of devices
US7232287B2 (en) * 2004-07-29 2007-06-19 Rolls-Royce Plc Controlling a plurality of devices
US20090144039A1 (en) * 2005-08-11 2009-06-04 Marorka Ehf Optimization of Energy Source Usage in Ships
US20100008779A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-14 Carvalho Paul A Integrated actuator for a propeller system
US8133027B2 (en) 2008-07-14 2012-03-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integrated actuator for a propeller system
CN101660493A (zh) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-03 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 用于测试桨距系统故障的桨距控制系统
US20110158805A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2011-06-30 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Pitch control system
US8465257B1 (en) 2008-10-31 2013-06-18 Brp Us Inc. Variable pitch propeller
US8535007B2 (en) 2010-05-18 2013-09-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Hydraulic actuator locking device
US11358696B2 (en) * 2017-07-06 2022-06-14 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Method of starting an internal combustion engine of a hybrid propulsion system in a marine vessel and a hybrid propulsion system in a marine vessel
US20200017196A1 (en) * 2018-07-10 2020-01-16 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. System and method for feathering an aircraft propeller
US20200017197A1 (en) * 2018-07-10 2020-01-16 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. System and method for feathering an aircraft propeller
US10864980B2 (en) * 2018-07-10 2020-12-15 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. System and method for feathering an aircraft propeller
US10899433B2 (en) * 2018-07-10 2021-01-26 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. System and method for feathering an aircraft propeller
US20210276693A1 (en) * 2020-03-03 2021-09-09 Embraer S.A. Propeller governor for electric synchronous thrust
EP4115516A4 (de) * 2020-03-03 2024-04-03 Embraer Sa Propellerregler für elektrischen synchronen schub

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1200588A (en) 1970-07-29
CA924798A (en) 1973-04-17
FR2007763A1 (de) 1970-01-09
CH487016A (de) 1970-03-15
SE312497B (de) 1969-07-14
NL6906642A (de) 1969-11-05
DE1922565A1 (de) 1969-11-13
NO123680B (de) 1971-12-27
ES366703A1 (es) 1971-03-16
FI44533B (de) 1971-08-02

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