US3589138A - Device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to higher temperature level - Google Patents

Device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to higher temperature level Download PDF

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Publication number
US3589138A
US3589138A US830068A US3589138DA US3589138A US 3589138 A US3589138 A US 3589138A US 830068 A US830068 A US 830068A US 3589138D A US3589138D A US 3589138DA US 3589138 A US3589138 A US 3589138A
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United States
Prior art keywords
superleak
space
superfluid
temperature
cooler
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Expired - Lifetime
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US830068A
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English (en)
Inventor
Adrianus Petrus Severijns
Frans Adrianus Staas
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from NL6807903A external-priority patent/NL6807903A/xx
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/12—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using 3He-4He dilution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/30—Helium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to a higher temperature level.
  • the two temperature levels lie below the temperature of the )t-point of helium and the device comprises a circu lating duct which is filled with He, and in which at least one material mass is situated having the property that normal "He cannot pass said mass and superfluid He can pass said mass without turbulence occurring during the flow.
  • the circulation duct further comprises a pump which during operation can maintain a pressure difference across the said material mass.
  • the material mass and at least the part of the circulating duct situated on the lower pressure side of said mass are thermally insulating, and the part of the circulation duct which communicates with the higher pressure side of the said material mass is in thermal contact with a cooler, for example, a helium bath, having a temperature which is lower than that of the A-point of He.
  • the dimensions of the passage in the circulation duct and the pump are chosen such that the helium therein exceeds its criti cal speed and turbulence occur.
  • a pump is required for creating the driving force Au.
  • a difficulty is that this pump operates at temperatures in the proximity of l K. which, of course, involves structural problems.
  • a pump should be coupled to a driving device which operates at room temperature. Through the coupling, thermal energy will flow towards the pump, which energy is dissipated in that a quantity of liquid helium evaporates from the helium bath surrounding the pump. So this means a loss.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that both temperature levels lie below the temperature of the A-point of helium and the device comprises a circulation duct which during operation of the device is filled with He,
  • the duct is constructed from a first superleak which communicates at one end with a supply of He at a temperature which lies below the )i-point and communicates at its other end with a first space in which thermal energy can be supplied to the helium; this space communicates, through a first duct and a cooler in which thermal energy can be withdrawn from the helium at a temperature which lies below the )t-point, with a second superleak which at its other end is bounded by a second space in which thermal energy can be supplied to the helium and with which space a second duct communicates
  • a device in this manner a device is obtained :in which by supplying thermal energy to the He in the first or second space at a higher temperature than prevails in the cooler, a fountain pump effect occurs across the first and the second superleak, respectively, so that a driving force Au. on the helium in the circulation duct is obtained.
  • a pressure difference and a temperature difference are obtained across the other superleak.
  • the heating devices may comprise, for example, a small electric heating coil which communicates with the atmosphere through two thin wires so that inleak of thermal energy by conduction will be small. It is alter natively possible to construct the heating devices in the form of a plate or rod of readily conducting material which can be made to communicate with the atmosphere through a thermal conductor. In this manner a refrigerator is obtained in which by supplying thermal energy to one heating device cold is produced at a low temperature at another location, in which heating can be carried out optionally in the first or the second space and hence the cold can also be obtained optionally in the second or the first space.
  • a further favourable embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the side of the second duct remote from the second space communicates, through a further cooler in which thermal energy can be withdrawn from the helium at a temperature which lies below the A point, with one side of the first superleak.
  • the device is constituted by a closed circulation duct having two superleaks, two spaces and two coolers.
  • This assembly according to a further embodiment may be accommodated in a vacuum space which can be immersed in a bath containing liquid helium at a temperature below the A-point, the two coolers being in thermal contact with the helium bath.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation view in section of an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of another embodiment of the invention.
  • the device shown in FIG. ll comprises a duct 1 in which a first superleak 2 is accommodated.
  • the duct 1 is in open communication with a liquid helium bath 3 which is arranged in a Dewar vessel 4.
  • a vacuum pump indicated by l- A By drawing off the vapor above the helium bath 3 by means of a vacuum pump indicated by l- A, the temperature of the helium bath 3 is kept lower than the temperature of the A-point.
  • the temperature of the helium bath 3 may be, for example l.3 K.
  • the duct 1 opens into a space 5 in which an object 6 to be cooled is arranged.
  • a first duct 7 communicates with the first space 5 and at its other end communicates with a second superleak 9 through a cooler 8.
  • the superleak 9 is bounded at its other end by a second space 10.
  • the space Ml communicates with a second duct 12, which opens into the helium bath 3.
  • An electric heating device 11 is arranged in the space lltl and is connected to a current source not shown through current supply wires 13.
  • the superleak 2, space 5, duct 7, cooler 8, superleak 9, space and duct 12 are arranged in a vacuum space 14 which communicates, through duct l5, with a vacuum pump indicated by M-A which maintains the vacuum.
  • the heating device 11' may be arranged in the space 5, while in the space 10 an object 6 to be cooled may also be present.
  • An object 6 to be cooled is arranged in the space 5 and will supply thermal energy to the helium at that temperature. This supplied thermal energy will be transferred to the cooler 8 with the flow of normal helium through the duct 7. So in this manner a cooling power for the object 6 is obtained.
  • the cooler 8 is constructed as a part of a duct which, to obtain a large heat-exchanging surface, is filled with a sintering material, for example, copper balls sintered together, the outer wall hereof being in contact with a copper plate 13 which extends in the helium bath with cooling fins. As a result of this the helium which flows from the duct 7 into the cooler 8 is cooled to the temperature of the helium bath 3.
  • Cold is then produced in the space 10 at, for example, 0.7K.
  • This production of cold can be used to cool, for example, an object 6'. So in this manner a refrigerator for extremely low temperatures is obtained in which by supplying thermal energy at one place a production of cold is obtained at another place.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the device which differs slightly from that shown in FIG. 1.
  • the first superleak 2, the first space 5, the first duct 7, the cooler 8, the second superleak 9 and the second duct 12 are constructed in the same manner and connected together in the same manner as in the device shown in FIG. 1. Only in this case the end of the duct 12 remote from the space It) communicates, through a duct 17 and a further cooler 18, to the side of the superleak 2 remote from the space 5.
  • the duct 17 and the cooler 18 which is constructed as a fin cooler, are arranged outside the vacuum space in contact with the helium bath 3. So in this manner a closed circulation duct is obtained which is filled with He.
  • the operation of this device is quite similar to that of the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • a device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to a higher temperature level characterized in that both temperature levels lie below the temperature of the )t-point of helium and the device is operable with a supply of He at below the ) ⁇ -point thereof
  • the device comprising a circulation duct including a first superleak having one end in communication with the supply of He at a temperature which lies below the A-point and its remote end in communication with the first space for cooling, said space communicates, through a first duct and a cooler in which thermal energy can be withdrawn from the helium at a temperature which lies below the )t-point, with a second superleak which at its remote end is bounded by a second space in which thermal energy can be supplied to the helium and with which space a second duct communicates, a heating device being arranged in the second space, with which thermal energy can be supplied to the helium at a temperature which is higher than that which prevails in the cooler during operation, the first and the second duct being proportioned
  • Apparatus for producing cold to cool an object the cold produced in a temperature range where both the high and low temperature levels are below the A-point of liquid helium
  • the device operable with a supply of liquid helium maintained at a temperature below the A-point thereof whereby said liquid is fonned into a mixture of normal He and superfluid He, the device comprising:
  • a first enclosure defining a first space in which said object to be cooled is disposable, and into which said superfluid He from the superleak is flowable to transfer cold to said object, and wherein said superfluid He then becomes a mixture of normal He and superfluid He,
  • heating means in the second space for supplying thermal energy at a temperature higher than that in the cooler, for establishing a temperature differential across said second superleak
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising a first duct connecting the first space and the cooler wherein said discharge and first ducts have internal dimensions proportioned such that the liquid flow therein will be turbulent.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising a vacuum-chamber containing said first. and second superleaks, said first and second spaces, said heating means and said cooler means.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 further comprising a reservoir of liquid He at a temperature below the ) ⁇ -point thereof, the vacuum-chamber being immersed in said reservoir liquid.
  • Apparatus according to claim 5 further comprising vacuum pump means for establishing a partial vacuum in said reservoir of liquid He.
  • a method of cooling an object with a circulation duct including sequentially a first superleak, a first space in which an object to be cooled is disposable, a cooler, a second superleak, and a second space comprising the steps:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US830068A 1968-06-05 1969-06-03 Device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to higher temperature level Expired - Lifetime US3589138A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6807903A NL6807903A (ja) 1968-06-05 1968-06-05

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US3589138A true US3589138A (en) 1971-06-29

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US830068A Expired - Lifetime US3589138A (en) 1968-06-05 1969-06-03 Device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to higher temperature level

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US (1) US3589138A (ja)
AT (1) AT289042B (ja)
BE (1) BE734084A (ja)
CH (1) CH515452A (ja)
FR (1) FR2010178B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1266427A (ja)
NO (1) NO124080B (ja)
SE (1) SE354348B (ja)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3835662A (en) * 1972-03-18 1974-09-17 Philips Corp Device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level
US3896630A (en) * 1972-03-17 1975-07-29 Philips Corp Method for starting a {hu 3{b He-{hu 4{b He dilution refrigerator
US3992893A (en) * 1974-02-22 1976-11-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Method for the production of superfluid helium under pressure at very low temperature and an apparatus for carrying out said method
US4485640A (en) * 1982-04-01 1984-12-04 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Device for automatically regulating the superfluid helium level in a tank
US4535595A (en) * 1983-02-09 1985-08-20 Bruker Analytische Mebtechnik Gmbh Cooling device for a low temperature magnet system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7902438A (nl) * 1979-03-29 1980-10-01 Philips Nv 3he-4he koelmachine.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195322A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-07-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerator employing helium
US3376712A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-04-09 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerators operating at very low temperatures
US3472038A (en) * 1967-04-22 1969-10-14 Philips Corp Apparatus and method for transferring heat from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195322A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-07-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerator employing helium
US3376712A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-04-09 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerators operating at very low temperatures
US3472038A (en) * 1967-04-22 1969-10-14 Philips Corp Apparatus and method for transferring heat from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896630A (en) * 1972-03-17 1975-07-29 Philips Corp Method for starting a {hu 3{b He-{hu 4{b He dilution refrigerator
US3835662A (en) * 1972-03-18 1974-09-17 Philips Corp Device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level
US3992893A (en) * 1974-02-22 1976-11-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Method for the production of superfluid helium under pressure at very low temperature and an apparatus for carrying out said method
US4485640A (en) * 1982-04-01 1984-12-04 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Device for automatically regulating the superfluid helium level in a tank
US4535595A (en) * 1983-02-09 1985-08-20 Bruker Analytische Mebtechnik Gmbh Cooling device for a low temperature magnet system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE354348B (ja) 1973-03-05
CH515452A (de) 1971-11-15
GB1266427A (ja) 1972-03-08
AT289042B (de) 1971-03-25
DE1925140B2 (de) 1976-04-29
FR2010178A1 (ja) 1970-02-13
FR2010178B1 (ja) 1973-05-25
NO124080B (ja) 1972-02-28
DE1925140A1 (de) 1969-12-11
BE734084A (ja) 1969-12-04

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