US3583834A - Pressure pumping system utilizing pilot fluid - Google Patents

Pressure pumping system utilizing pilot fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
US3583834A
US3583834A US829641A US3583834DA US3583834A US 3583834 A US3583834 A US 3583834A US 829641 A US829641 A US 829641A US 3583834D A US3583834D A US 3583834DA US 3583834 A US3583834 A US 3583834A
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Prior art keywords
fluid
container
chamber
source
exchange means
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US829641A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jack Isreeli
Aaron Kassel
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Technicon Corp
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Technicon Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/0289—Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid
    • B01L3/0293—Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid for liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis

Definitions

  • New and improved pressure pumping system utilizing a pilot fluid comprises means to pressurize a pilot fluid for flow at substantially constant flow rate to fluid pressure exchange means which are operable, in response thereto, to flow the fluid to be pumped therefrom at substantially constant flow rate.
  • Means which take the form of additional fluid pressure exchange means, multicondition fluid flow directing means, and pilot fluid return means, respectively, are provided to enable substantially continuous system pumping operation from alternate ones of said fluid pressure exchange means, with substantially continuous recirculation of said pilot fluid and substantially continuous replenishment of said fluid to be pumped in said fluid pressure exchange means from a nonpressurized source of said fluid.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of a pressure pumping system as above which does not require extended periods of system downtime for the cleaning thereof.
  • a further object of this invention is the provision of a pressure pumping system as above which is complete within itself and does not require an external source of pressurization, or the pressurized containment, of the liquid to be pumped thereby, to thus eliminate major sources of potential system disability.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of a pressure pumping system as above which embodies a large storage capacity for the liquid to be pumped to thus eliminate the need for frequent replenishment of the latter.
  • a further object of this invention is the provision of a pressure pumping system as above which requires the use of only readily available components of proven dependability in the fabrication thereof and will accordingly provide for long periods of satisfactory, maintenance free system operation.
  • a still further object of this invention is the provision of a pressure pumping system as above which is particularly, though not exclusively, adapted for use in the supply of liquids in the nature of suitable color-producing reagents at very low, constant flow rates to improved versions of automatic, sequentially operable blood sample analysis systems.
  • the new and improved pressure pumping system of the invention comprises means to pressurize a pilot fluid and flow the same at substantially constant flow rate to fluid pressure exchange means which are operative, in response thereto, to flow the fluid to be pumped, from a nonpressurized container thereof, for discharge from the system at a substantially constant flow rate.
  • the means to pressurize the pilot fluid comprise a pressurized chamber and pump means which are operable to pump said pilot fluid thereinto at substantially constant pressure, and pilot fluid outlet means, including a high flow resistance coil means disposed within said chamber, which are operative to provide for the flow of the pilot fluid from the pressurized chamber at a substantially constant flow rate.
  • the fluid pressure exchange means comprise containers for the pilot fluid and fluid to be pumped, respectively, and at least one of said containers is of variable volume and so related to the other of said containers that when the volume of the former increases the volume of the latter decreases and vice versa.
  • FIG. I is a schematic or flow diagram of a pressure pumping system constructed in accordance with the principles of the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic or flow diagram of a new and improved pressure pumping system utilizing a pilot fluid and constructed and operative in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • a pressure pumping system constructed and operative in accordance with the principles of the prior art for use in fluid analysis systems is indicated generally at 10 and may, for example, take the form of that shown and described in the copending application Ser. No. 712,431 of Edward B. M. De- .Iong filed Mar. 12, 1968 and assigned to the assignee hereof.
  • the pressure pumping system 10 comprises a tank 12 of a suitably inert gas at suitable pressure, as for example nitrogen at 2,200 p.s.i., connected as shown through suitable pressure regulator means 14 to a branched conduit or manifold 16 to maintain the latter at a substantially constant pressure in the order, for example, of 66.8 cm. Hg.
  • Flasks l8 and 20, including screw-on covers 22 and 24, respectively, are provided and may be understood to respectively contain liquids in the nature, for example, of colorproducing reagents for use in the fluid analysis system in the event the latter is constituted by a blood sample analysis system as discussed hereinabove, and the respective interiors of the said flasks are connected as shown by relatively short inlet conduits 26 and 28 to the branched conduit 16.
  • An outlet conduit 30 connects the interior of flask 18 to the inlet of a high flow resistance coil 32, and a conduit 34 connects the outlet of the coil as indicated to the fluid analysis system.
  • an outlet conduit 36 connects the interior of flask to the inlet of a high flow resistance coil 38, and a conduit 40 connects the outlet of the coil as Indicated to the fluid analysis system
  • the respective internal diameters of the high flow resistance coils 32 and 38 are made relatively small on the order, for example, of 0.010 inch or 0.25 mm., while the respective lengths thereof are made relatively long on the order, for example, of 210 inches for liquids, to provide the desired high flow impedance and attendant, relatively low flow rates.
  • the respective high flow resistance coils 32 and 38 would be disposed in a temperature control bath as indicated in dashed lines at 42 which operates at a suitable temperature as, for example, 37 C. to maintain the liquids passing through the said coils at substantially constant pressure and viscosity.
  • a suitable temperature as, for example, 37 C. to maintain the liquids passing through the said coils at substantially constant pressure and viscosity.
  • the respective flasks l8 and 20, and the respective entireties of the outlet conduits 30 and 36 may also be disposed in the said temperature control baths.
  • the gas from container 12 will pressurize the respective interiors of flasks l8 and 20 to force the liquids therefrom through the respective high flow resistance coils 32 and 38 and therefrom, through conduits 34 and 40 at predetermined, substantially constant flow rates.
  • AP is the pressure drop across the coil
  • D is the internal coil diameter
  • u is the viscosity of liquid
  • L is the effective length of the coil.
  • a new and improved pressure pumping system utilizing a pilot fluid and constructed and operative in accordance with the teachings of this invention is indicated generally at 46 and may be seen to comprise a substantially fluidtight container 48 which is suitably constructed for function as a pressure vessel and is internally divided, as by walls 50 and 52, into respective, substantially fluidtight chambers 54, 56 and 58.
  • Temperature control means which may, for example, take the forms of the temperature control bath as indicated by the dashed lines at 60, are operatively associated with the container 48 to maintain the temperature thereof, and of the liquids contained therein at a substantially constant, predetermined level with attendant maintenance of the respective viscosities of the liquids contained therein at substantially constant, predetermined values, and it be un-- derstood that such temperature control means are preferably thermostatically controlled.
  • Two-position, exchange valve means are indicated sche matically at 62 and may be understood to take any form suitable to the disclosed function thereof as described in detail hereinbelow. Accordingly, said exchange valve means may, for example, take the form of relatively movable upper and lower valve plates 63 and 65, each of which contains appropriate valve passages formed therein in a manner believed clear to those skilled in this art.
  • An open, nonpressurized liquid supply container is indicated at 64, and a liquid supply conduit 68 extends as shown from the lower portion of the interior of the liquid supply container 64 into communication with the exchange valve means
  • a pilot fluid supply conduit 70 including a high flow resistance coil 72 connected as shown at the inlet endthereof, extends from the interior of chamber 58 into communication with the exchange valve means 62, while a pilot fluid return conduit 74 extends as shown from communication with the said exchange valve means to the chamber 56.
  • a fluid pressure exchange bottle is indicated generally at 76 and is disposed as shown in chamber 54.
  • the said exchange bottle comprises a substantially fluidtight, fixed volume outer container 78, and a substantially fluidtight, variable volume inner container 80 in the nature, for example, of a bellows, disposed as shown therewithin.
  • a liquid supply conduit 82 extends as shown from communication with the fixed volume container 78 into a communication with the exchange valve means 62, while a pilot fluid supply and return conduit 84 extends as shown from communication with the variable volume container 80 into communication with the fluid exchange valve means 62.
  • a fluid pressure exchange bottle of substantially the same construction as just described is indicated generally at 86 and comprises a fixed volume outer container 88 and a variable volume inner container 90.
  • a liquid supply conduit 92 extends as shown from communication with the fixed volume outer container 88 into communication with the fluid exchange valve means 62, and a pilot fluid supply and return conduit 94 similarly extends as shown from the inner variable volume container 90.
  • Pump means 96 which may take any suitable form are disposed as shown with the pump inlet 98 in communication with chamber 56 and the pump outlet 100 in communication with chamber 58 to pump fluid from the former to the latter.
  • Bleed means 102 which preferably include nonillustrated air filter means, are formed as shown in the upper wall of chamber 56 to enable the pumping of fluid therefrom by the said pump means.
  • Pressure balanced relief valve means which may take any suitable form, are indicated schematically at 104 and are disposed as shown in the upper wall of chamber 58 so as to be effective to prevent the fluid pressure in the said chamber from exceeding a predetermined maximum.
  • a system discharge conduit is indicated at 106 and may be understood to extend as shown from the fluid exchange valve means 62 to the point of utilization of the liquid pumped by the system of the invention.
  • Fluid agitation means are indicated schematically at 107 and 108, respectively, and are disposed as shown in the respective lower portions of the chambers 54 and 58 for obvious purpose.
  • the said fluid agitation means may, of course, take any suitable form and be driven in any convenient manner as, for example, from the nonillustrated pump drive means.
  • Optional pilot fluid supply conduits are indicated at 109 and 112, and may be seen to respectively include high flow resistance coils 114 and 116 connected to the inlet ends thereof. These optional pilot fluid supply conduits are disposed as shown in the chamber 58 and would, if utilized, extend therefrom as indicated to the fluid exchange valve means 62, or fluid exchange valve means of similar nature, to increase the capacity of, or the number of liquids which can be pumped by, the system of the invention as described in greater detail hereinbelow.
  • exchange valve means 62 are shiftable, either manually or under the control of suitably timed, automatic valve means operating means as indicated schematically at 110, between first and second positions thereof.
  • the exchange valve means 62 may be understood to be operative to connect pilot fluid supply conduit 70 to pilot fluid supply and return conduit 84; to connect liquid supply conduit 68 to liquid supply conduit 92; to connect pilot fluid supply and return conduit 94 to pilot fluid return conduit 74; and to connect liquid supply conduit 82 to system discharge conduit 106.
  • the fluid exchange valve means may be understood to be operative to connect pilot fluid supply conduit 70 to pilot fluid supply and return conduit 94; to connect liquid supply conduit 68 to liquid supply conduit 82; to connect pilot fluid supply and return conduit 84 to pilot fluid return conduit 74; and to connect liquid supply conduit 92 to system discharge conduit 106.
  • OPERATION In operation, for representative use of the system of the invention, as for example in the supply of a color-producing reagent to an improved, substantially lower constant flow rate version of the blood sample analysis system disclosed in said U.S. Pat. No. 3,241,432 which will operate, for example, at a blood sample flow rate of 0.05 ml. per minute and a reagent flow rate of 0.50 ml.
  • liquid container 64 would be substantially filled with such reagent, while the respective chambers 54, 56 and 58 would contain therein to the indicated levels a suitable pilot fluid in the nature, for example, of a silicone oil which provides the advantages of substantial chemical inertness and nondepositiveness, long term stability, and a relatively high viscosity which is relatively insensitive to moderate temperature changes.
  • the temperature control means 60 might be set to maintain the temperature within the container 48 at a substantially constant 37 C., and the volume of chamber 48 made sufficiently large to insure that the pilot fluid silicone oil returned thereto at substantially ambient temperature through return conduit 70 would have negligible, if any, overall effect on the temperature, and thus viscosity, of the silicone oil contained within the said chamber.
  • the pump means 96 would be suitably sized to rapidly transfer the silicone oil pilot fluid and thereafter pumping air from chamber 56 to chamber 58 while developing, for example, approximately 3 to 5 p.s.i. suction in chamber 56 by virtue of restriction 102 and establishing an air pressure above the oil level within chamber 58 of approximately l5 p.s.i. at the total reagent flow rates. Under such conditions, the pressure balanced relief valve 104 would, of course, be set to open at 15 p.s.i.
  • the respective fluid pressure exchange bottles 76 and 86 would preferably be sized, as determined by the total reagent flow rate from the system, to provide for an hour's supply of reagent to thus enable system operation for a full hour without operation of the exchange valve means 62. Too, although for convenience of illustration, the respective container 48, liquid container 64 and exchange valve means 62 are depicted as somewhat spaced, it may be understood that in.
  • the new and improved pressure pumping system of the invention may be understood to operate as follows.
  • Silicone oil from chamber 58 will be forced, by the positive pressure created therein through operation of the pump means 96, to flow into and through the high flow resistance coil 72 at substantially constant, predetermined flow rate, and to flow from the latter, through conduit 70, to the exchange valve means 62.
  • the thusly pressurized oil will be directed by the said exchange valve means to flow, through conduit 84, into the variable volume inner container 80 to commence the expansion thereof with concomitant reduction in the available volume of fixed volume outer container 78 and attendant forced flow of the reagent therefrom through conduit 82 to the exchange valve means 62 for direction by the latter for discharge from the system through system discharge conduit 106.
  • variable volume inner container 90 will, at this point, have been contracted to the maximum practicable extent to provide for the storage of the maximum practicable amount of reagent from reagent container 64 in the now maximum available volume of the fixed volume outer container 88.
  • pilot fluid supply conduits .109 and 112 and the respective high flow resistance coils 114 and 116 connected thereto, it may be understood that the same may be provided for operative connection, through exchange valve means in the nature of exchange valve means 62 having additional valve passages, to suitably operate additional pairs of fluid pressure exchange bottles which may, in turn, be supplied with second and third reagents from second and third reagent containers to thus enable the concomitant pumping, at substantially constant and predetermined flow rate or rates, from the system of the invention.
  • the said second and third containers may contain liquids in the nature of water of clinical purity for use in the formation of recipient streams, and/or for use as diluents, in the blood sample analysis system.
  • high flow resistance coil 72 it may be understood that a single coil size may be used to provide the same flow rate for substantially all reagents since the silicone oil, rather than the reagent, is being pumped therethrough, and since the flow resistance of the coil is so much greater than the combined flow resistances of the remainder of the system.
  • high flow resistance coil 72 and silicone oil chamber 58 are the fact that, since the silicone oil in the latter is automatically at the proper temperature before the same enters the said coil, there is no need for a carefully temperature controlled, coil inlet conduit of substantial length as there would be in the prior art system of FIG. 1.
  • reagent container 64 is an open, nonpressurized container, it is believed clear that the same may be handled easily and casually without concern for whether or not the said container is properly sealed as discussed hereinabove with regard to sealed reagent containers 18 and 20 of the prior art pressure pumping system ofFlG. 1.
  • utilization conduit means respective sources of first and second fluids, means to pressurize said first fluid source at a substantially constant level
  • fluid pressure exchange means including a container for said first fluid and a container for said second fluid, at least one of said containers being of variable volume and said containers being operatively related in such manner that when the volume of said variable volume container increases the volume of the other of said containers decreases substantially in proportion thereto and vice versa
  • a system as in claim 1 further comprising, fluid return means for connecting said first fluid container to said pressurization means in such manner that said first fluid will be drawn from said first fluid container to said first fluid source upon operation of said pressurization means, connecting means for connecting said source of said second fluid to said second fluid container means, and flow directing means which are operable to connect said first fluid container and said pressurization means through said fluid return means, and are operable to concomitantly connect said source of said second fluid to said second fluid container means whereby, said first fluid will be drawn from said first fluid container for return to said first fluid source and said second fluid will be concomitantly drawn from said second fluid source to said second fluid container.
  • additional fluid pressure exchange means including, in the manner of said fluid pressure exchange means, containers for said first and second fluids, respectively, means including said high flow resistance means for connecting said first fluid source to said first fluid container of said additional fluid pressure exchange means, fluid return means for connecting the respective first fluid containers of said fluid exchange means and said additional fluid exchange means to said pressurization means in such manner that said first fluid will be drawn from said first fluid containers to said first fluid source upon operation of said pressurization means, means for connecting the respective second fluid containers of said fluid exchange means and said additional fluid exchange means to said second fluid source, means for connecting the respective second fluid containers of said fluid exchange means and said additional fluid exchange means to said utilization conduit means, and flow directing means operable in a first condition thereof to connect said first fluid source with said first fluid container of said fluid pressure exchange means, to connect said first fluid container of said additional fluid pressure exchange means with said pressurization means through said first fluid return means, to connect said second fluid container of said fluid pressure exchange means with said utilization conduit means, and to connect said second fluid container
  • said first fluid source comprises a pressurized fluid chamber
  • said pressurization means comprise pump means which are operable to pump said first fluid into said chamber at substantially constant pressure.
  • said high flow resistance means comprise a high flow resistance coil, the inlet of which is substantially immersed in said first fluid in said chamber.
  • said first fluid source comprises a pressurized fluid chamber
  • said pressurization means comprise pump means which are operable to pump said first fluid into said chamber at substantially constant pressure.
  • said high flow resistance means comprise a high flow resistance coil, the inlet of which is substantially immersed in said first fluid in said chamber.
  • said first fluid source comprises a vacuum chamber and a pressurized chamber, respectively, said fluid return means are connected to said vacuum chamber, and said pressurization means comprise pump means which are effective to pump said first fluid from said vacuum chamber to said pressurized chamber at substantially constant pressure.
  • said high flow resistance means comprise a high flow resistance coil which is substantially immersed in said first fluid in said pressurized chamber.
  • said first fluid source comprises a vacuum chamber and a pressurized chamber, respectively, said fluid return means are connected to said vacuum chamber, and said pressurization means comprise pump means which are effective to pump said first fluid from said vacuum chamber to said pressurized chamber at substantially constant pressure.
  • said high flow resistance means comprise a high flow resistance coil which is substantially immersed in said first fluid in said pressurized chamber.
  • said second fluid source is constituted by a nonpressurized container thereof.
  • said second fluid source is constituted by a nonpressurized container thereof.
  • said second fluid source is constituted by a nonpressurized container thereof.
  • said second fluid source is constituted by a nonpressurized container thereof.
  • a chamber for the containment of said fluid ressure exchan e means said chamber containing said first md to a level su ficient to substantially immerse said fluid pressure exchange means, said temperature control means being operatively associated with said chamber and said vacuum chamber and operable to maintain the respective temperatures thereof, and of the fluids contained therein, substantially at a constant level.
  • said pressurized chamber is disposed adjacent said vacuum chamber
  • said system further comprises a chamber for the containment of said fluid pressure exchange means and said additional fluid pressure exchange means, respectively, said containment chamber also being disposed adjacent said vacuum chamber and containing said first fluid to a level sufficient to substantially immerse said fluid pressure exchange means and said additional fluid pressure exchange means, said temperature control means being operatively associated with said chamber and said vacuum chamber and operable to maintain the respective temperatures thereof, and of the fluids contained therein, substantially at a constant level.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US829641A 1969-06-02 1969-06-02 Pressure pumping system utilizing pilot fluid Expired - Lifetime US3583834A (en)

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US82964169A 1969-06-02 1969-06-02

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US (1) US3583834A (fr)
BE (1) BE751256A (fr)
CH (1) CH524066A (fr)
DE (1) DE2026294C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2049713A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1297862A (fr)
NL (1) NL7007939A (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1041445A (fr) * 1973-04-09 1978-10-31 Sam Rose Methode et appareil pour la culture continue in vitro de suspensions de cellules

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1101266A (en) * 1913-01-18 1914-06-23 William S Franklin Pump.
US1653749A (en) * 1920-06-03 1927-12-27 Gardner T Voorhees Cylinder jacketing process and apparatus
US2212281A (en) * 1938-03-17 1940-08-20 Servel Inc Refrigeration
US2419993A (en) * 1945-01-22 1947-05-06 Engineering Lab Inc Pumping mechanism
US3207080A (en) * 1962-11-05 1965-09-21 Panther Pumps & Equipment Co Balanced pressure pump
US3208448A (en) * 1962-02-02 1965-09-28 Kenneth E Woodward Artificial heart pump circulation system
US3250226A (en) * 1964-09-08 1966-05-10 Allied Chem Hydraulic actuated pumping system
US3451347A (en) * 1967-06-19 1969-06-24 Inouye Shokai Kk Viscous suspension pumping means

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1101266A (en) * 1913-01-18 1914-06-23 William S Franklin Pump.
US1653749A (en) * 1920-06-03 1927-12-27 Gardner T Voorhees Cylinder jacketing process and apparatus
US2212281A (en) * 1938-03-17 1940-08-20 Servel Inc Refrigeration
US2419993A (en) * 1945-01-22 1947-05-06 Engineering Lab Inc Pumping mechanism
US3208448A (en) * 1962-02-02 1965-09-28 Kenneth E Woodward Artificial heart pump circulation system
US3207080A (en) * 1962-11-05 1965-09-21 Panther Pumps & Equipment Co Balanced pressure pump
US3250226A (en) * 1964-09-08 1966-05-10 Allied Chem Hydraulic actuated pumping system
US3451347A (en) * 1967-06-19 1969-06-24 Inouye Shokai Kk Viscous suspension pumping means

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Publication number Publication date
DE2026294B2 (de) 1973-11-08
DE2026294C3 (de) 1974-06-12
GB1297862A (fr) 1972-11-29
CH524066A (de) 1972-06-15
FR2049713A5 (fr) 1971-03-26
BE751256A (fr) 1970-12-01
NL7007939A (fr) 1970-12-04
DE2026294A1 (de) 1971-01-14

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