US3583369A - Single-duct tubular boiler for use in connection with a refuse incinerator and an air preheater - Google Patents

Single-duct tubular boiler for use in connection with a refuse incinerator and an air preheater Download PDF

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Publication number
US3583369A
US3583369A US830043A US3583369DA US3583369A US 3583369 A US3583369 A US 3583369A US 830043 A US830043 A US 830043A US 3583369D A US3583369D A US 3583369DA US 3583369 A US3583369 A US 3583369A
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United States
Prior art keywords
duct
flue
boiler
gas
flue gas
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Expired - Lifetime
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US830043A
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English (en)
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Herbert Petry
Heinz Stogmuller
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Von Roll AG
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Von Roll AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat

Definitions

  • Kleeman ABSTRACT A tubular boiler for the generation of steam or hot water, and a ducting arrangement for use more particularly in connection with a refuse incinerator and an air preheater, including a horizontally disposed duct, heating surfaces comprising vertically arranged boiler tubes therein, a bypass duct in parallel flow relation with said first duct so as to bypass the heating surfaces and means for controlling the volume of flue gas flowing through said bypass duct.
  • the present invention relates to a horizontally disposed single-duct steam or hot water boiler, with the heating surfaces thereof consisting of vertically arranged boiler tubes arranged in banks in said horizontally disposed single duct, with such duct in communication with hot flue gas that flows across said heating surfaces and including a gas passage in such single duct serving to bypass the heating surfaces and means for controlling the volume of flue gas flowing through said bypass.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the method of operating said boiler, more particularly in connection with a refuse incinerator and an air preheater arranged ahead of and behind the boiler, respectively, as regards the direction of flow of the flue gas, said method of operation essentially referring to the controlling of the temperature of the flue gas at its inlet let into the air preheater.
  • refuse whether household, municipal or industrial refuse, is a low-grade fuel of very variable calorific value. This is due to its heterogeneous composition and to its variable humidity, the variations being not only local or seasonal, but occurring even during the same day. Rain, dampness, the presence of garden foliage and of green vegetables during summer and the presence of ash from coal fired heating stoves or furnaces during winter, are only a few of the factors influencing the calorific value of the refuse.
  • the present invention seeks to attain this aim by providing means, by which a part of the steam of hot flue gas, issuing from the furnace or combustion chamber of the refuse incinerator, is diverted to bypass the heating surfaces of the boiler, and to thereafter mix that diverted stream of still hot gas with the flue gas, which has flown across the heating surfaces and thereby has been cooled down to a lower temperature.
  • This mixing or comingling is effected in advance of the inlet into the air preheater, thereby increasing the inlet temperature, for obtaining hotter air, while maintaining at the outlet of said air preheater the temperature of the exhaust flue gas at the prescribed minimum level.
  • means are provided for controlling the volume of flue gas diverted, to suit the actual requirements of the incinerating process, said control being effected either manually or automatically in ways known in the art.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified, longitudinal sectional sectional view showing, by way of example, a possible arrangement of a refuse incinerator, a boiler according to the invention and an air preheater mounted in succession as regards the direction of flue-gas flow, and
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view partly in transverse cross section, illustrating the boiler tubes and bypass duct.
  • Numerals designates the brickwork of the incinerating furnace and the incinerating grates, namely the predrying, the combustion and the burnout grates are indicated at 2a, 2b and 2c, respectively.
  • the uncooled combustion chamber 3 extends above the grates and the discharge chute 3a is provided for the noncombustible residues, or so-called clinker.
  • the boiler includes an upper drum 4, the descending vertically arranged tubes 5, and lower and upper headers 6 and 7, respectively.
  • the heating surface of the boiler is indicated at 8 and said heating surfaces being constituted by vertically arranged boiler tubes, arranged in a plurality of single row banks, transversal and orthogonal to the horizontal direction of flow of the flue gas.
  • a gap is provided by a wider spacing between two adjacent boiler tubes, said gaps being in alignment and thus defining a longitudinal channel 10, which is provided with a gastight overall enclosure, defined by the upper and lower sidewall means 9a and 9b and lateral sidewalls 8a,8b.
  • the lateral sidewalls 8a and 8b may be achieved by means known to the art, such as by using finned tubes for the marginal tubes 8a and 8b,with the fins extending in the direction of the flow of the flue gas and by welding these fins together, or in any suitable manner.
  • the details of construction of such sidewalls are irrelevant as regards the basic idea of the invention, namely, the provision of a gastight bypass flue duct 10 extending parallel to the direction of flow of the flue gas across the heating surface.
  • the location of the parallel flue duct 10, within the transverse cross section of the boiler is optional, the axial position represented in the drawing being only one possibility.
  • the gastight enclosure as defined above may be provided with welded studs on its inner sides and lined with refractory and heat insulating material, to reduce to a minimum the heat transmission in the parallel duct 10.
  • bypass duct or passage 10 At the outlet end of bypass duct or passage 10 is a system of hinged or otherwise articulated dampers 11, arranged as in a venetian blind arrangement, These dampers are simultaneously actuated from the outside, for closing or opening the parallel duct 10 to the through-flow of flue gas, or for controlling said through-flow, with the dampers disposed in some intermediate position, as will be explained hereafter.
  • the stream of hot flue gas issuing from the combustion chamber 3, flows as indicated by the arrows 12 into the settling chamber 13 ahead of the boiler, where most of the entrained fly ash and dust is separated and discharged through outlet 14. Thereupon, the stream of hot flue gas enters into the boiler proper, i.e., flows across and over its heating surfaces 8,
  • the stream of flue gas having a temperature resulting from the mixture or comingling of the two flue-gas streams of different temperatures then enters into the air preheater 19, its flow path being marked with the arrows ma and 18b.
  • the temperature of the exhaust flue gas, at the outlet 20 is lowered to its minimum level of 250 C. as explained before.
  • the ingress of the cold air into and the exit of the preheated air from the preheater 19 are diagrammatically indicated at 21 and 22.
  • the airstream may be led in parallel with, opposed to or crosswise of the path of the direction of flow of the flue gas.
  • the preheated air is directed by ducts, not shown, to chambers 23a, 23b and 230 and serves as an underblast or air feed for the respective grates 2a, 2b and 2c.
  • the invention enables one to adapt the temperature of the preheated combustion air to the burning conditions on the grates 2a, 2b and 2c and in the combustion chamber 3, thereby compensating for variations in calorific value of the refuse and most particularly a drop in such value, thus obviating the previously mentioned inconveniences and ensuring satisfactory incineration of even very moist and low-grade refuse.
  • the arrangement as described above and depicted in the drawing may be run with the preheat temperature of the preheated combustion supporting air at 22 being kept constant or under control.
  • the temperature of the preheated combustion supporting air may be controlled as a function of the temperature existing in the combustion chamber 3 or in the settling chamber 13.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet l8b into the air preheater may be kept constant or under control.
  • temperature sensing or detecting means such as thermostats are mounted at the locations or points where the temperature is to be maintained constant or under a definite control.
  • sensing or detecting means are located at 22' in the preheated air outlet, at 13' in the separating zone in the main flue-gas passage, at 18' at the inlet of the flue gas into the air preheater, at 20' at the outlet of the flue gas from the air preheater, and at 3 in the combustion zone of the incinerator.
  • additional temperature sensing means can be mounted in the undergrate zones 23a, 23b, 230.
  • All of the temperature sensing or detecting means are connected with a control unit indicated diagrammatically at CU which actuates the damper operating means shown schematically at DA.
  • the control can be electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical.
  • the damper supporting shafts or pivots can be actuated by rack and pinion means, link and lever systems, cable devices or by any other expedient known in the art.
  • the thermostats can govern the actuation of solenoid operated valves in a fluid circuit for a hydraulically operated piston and cylinder unit that is connected with a rack that has teeth meshing with pinions on the ends of the shafts that support the damper plates.
  • the amount and direction of reciprocation of the rack will determine the direction and degree of pivoting movement of the damper plates 111.
  • the dampers llll can be adjusted by hand by an operator after he has observed temperature conditions existing in the various locations within the system. In such instances, there will be a temperature detecting means at each location and means to observe such detected temperature, Le, a thermostatic device.
  • a ducting arrangement for a tubular boiler for generating steam or hot water by heat recovery from flue gas issuing from an incinerator for low-grade refuse of variable calorific value, comprising a horizontal flue-gas duct, said boiler including vertical boiler tubes arranged in a plurality of one row banks transversal and orthogonal to the axis of said horizontal duct, with a gap in each of the tube banks, defined by wider spacing between two adjacent boiler tubes, said gaps being in alignment and thus defining a longitudinal through channel, said channel being provided with an all-side gastight enclosure, to serve as parallel duct for diverting at least a part of the stream of flue gas, to bypass the heating surface of the boiler.
  • a system including means defining an incinerator for low-grade refuse of variable calorific value, said means including a combustion chamber, an undergrate combustion supporting air chamber means, a flue-gas duct including a horizontal portion, an air preheating means arranged within said flue-gas duct downstream of said horizontal portion for preheating air and including an outlet for delivering said preheated air to said undergrate combustion supporting air chamber means, a boiler including boiler tube bank means disposed within said horizontal portion of said flue-gas duct, said boiler tube bank means being vertically disposed and so arranged as to include at least two rows of longitudinally spaced tubes spaced transversely of the longitudinal axis of said horizontal portion of said flue-gas duct and means operably associated with said at least two rows of tubes defining a gastight passage extending longitudinally of said horizontal portion of said flue-gas duct to constitute a bypass duct having an inlet and an outlet in parallel flow relation with said flue-gas duct.
  • a flue-gas duct communicating with said incinerator and including a horizontal portion
  • a boiler including tubes arranged within said flue-gas duct to extract heat from flue gas flowing through said duct, an air preheater arranged within said flue-gas duct downstream of said tubes for also extracting heat from such flue gas and for delivering preheated combustion supporting air to said incinerator
  • a method of controlling such operation including constraining at least a portion of such flue gas to flow through such horizontal portion of said flue-gas duct in a to bypass at least the majority of such tubes and in a parallel flow relationship with the main flue gas flow stream and controlling the volume of such bypassed portion of flue gas by variably positioning dampers controlling such bypassed flow.
  • a ducting arrangement for a tubular boiler for generating steam or hot water by heat recovery from flue gas issuing from an incinerator for low-grade refuse of variable calorific value, comprising a substantially horizontal flue-gas duct, said boiler including vertical boiler tubes arranged in a plurality of one row banks substantially transversal and substantially orthogonal to the axis of said horizontal duct, with a gap in each of the tube banks, defined by wider spacing between two adjacent boiler tubes, said gaps being in substantial alignment and thus defining a longitudinal through-channel, said channel being provided with an all-side gastight enclosure, to serve as parallel duct for diverting at least a part of the stream of flue gas, to bypass the heating surface of the boiler, movable damper means at the outlet of said parallel duct, and means for actuating said damper means for controlling the volume of flue gas flowing through said parallel duct.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
US830043A 1968-06-06 1969-06-03 Single-duct tubular boiler for use in connection with a refuse incinerator and an air preheater Expired - Lifetime US3583369A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH834968A CH476257A (de) 1968-06-06 1968-06-06 Einzug-Siederöhren-Abhitzekessel für Dampf- oder Heisswassererzeugung, insbesondere für Müllverbrennungsöfen, und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb

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US3583369A true US3583369A (en) 1971-06-08

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US830043A Expired - Lifetime US3583369A (en) 1968-06-06 1969-06-03 Single-duct tubular boiler for use in connection with a refuse incinerator and an air preheater

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US (1) US3583369A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4940161Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT294130B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE731106A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH476257A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1917143B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK120803B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2010223A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1268948A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6906545A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO126241B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4020797A (en) * 1975-05-07 1977-05-03 Ofag Ofenbau-Und Feuerungstechnik Ag Process and apparatus for using waste heat of refuse burning installations
US4188916A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-02-19 Deltak Corporation Waste heat boiler for abstraction of heat energy from gaseous effluent containing corrosive chemical contaminants
US4530311A (en) * 1982-03-18 1985-07-23 Outokumpu Oy Waste heat boiler construction
US6752093B2 (en) * 2000-12-08 2004-06-22 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Method for operating a refuse incineration plant
US20040120864A1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2004-06-24 China Steel Corporation Apparatus for removing acid substances from hot flue gas

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2554101B2 (ja) * 1987-09-28 1996-11-13 三菱重工業株式会社 排ガスボイラ
CN117029002B (zh) * 2023-08-28 2023-12-29 云南绿色能源有限公司 一种基于云计算的垃圾焚烧智能控制系统及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1839125A (en) * 1928-01-18 1931-12-29 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam boiler
US2239895A (en) * 1938-12-15 1941-04-29 Riley Stoker Corp Waste heat boiler
US2649079A (en) * 1949-01-28 1953-08-18 Combustion Eng Steam generator and superheat-reheat control means therefor
US3393652A (en) * 1966-10-07 1968-07-23 Foster Wheeler Corp Refuse disposal system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1839125A (en) * 1928-01-18 1931-12-29 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam boiler
US2239895A (en) * 1938-12-15 1941-04-29 Riley Stoker Corp Waste heat boiler
US2649079A (en) * 1949-01-28 1953-08-18 Combustion Eng Steam generator and superheat-reheat control means therefor
US3393652A (en) * 1966-10-07 1968-07-23 Foster Wheeler Corp Refuse disposal system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4020797A (en) * 1975-05-07 1977-05-03 Ofag Ofenbau-Und Feuerungstechnik Ag Process and apparatus for using waste heat of refuse burning installations
US4188916A (en) * 1978-05-15 1980-02-19 Deltak Corporation Waste heat boiler for abstraction of heat energy from gaseous effluent containing corrosive chemical contaminants
US4530311A (en) * 1982-03-18 1985-07-23 Outokumpu Oy Waste heat boiler construction
US6752093B2 (en) * 2000-12-08 2004-06-22 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Method for operating a refuse incineration plant
CZ299512B6 (cs) * 2000-12-08 2008-08-20 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Zpusob provozování spalovny odpadu, regulacní systém a spalovna
US20040120864A1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2004-06-24 China Steel Corporation Apparatus for removing acid substances from hot flue gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK120803B (da) 1971-07-19
GB1268948A (en) 1972-03-29
DE1917143B2 (de) 1973-04-19
DE1917143A1 (de) 1970-05-21
DE1917143C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-15
AT294130B (de) 1971-11-10
CH476257A (de) 1969-07-31
JPS4940161Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-05
NL6906545A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-09
FR2010223A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-13
NO126241B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-08
BE731106A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-10-06

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