US2678008A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

May 11,y 1954 J. K. BLUM ET AL INCINERATOR Filed Jan. 7, 1950 nwraN'roRs JOSEPH K. BLLLM ROGER. G. LLkM DONALD J. bLLlM BY 7/ kw www ATTORNEYS Patented May 11, 1954 UNITED STATiS "iiNT @FHQE INCINERATOR Joseph K. Blum, Scarsdale, Roger G. Blum, New

York, and Donald J. Blum, Scarsdale, N. Y., assignors to Burnwell Incinerator Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application January 7, 1950, Serial No. 13%,352

6 Claims. (Cl. lill-18) 1 Z rlhis invention relates to improvements in innomical, and rails to meet the full need for odorcinerator installations in buildings, and in parless and nuisance-free incineration ticular te a novel type of incinerator furnace for Another and equally disagreeable characteris- Suoh onjostauooion. tic of the conventional furnace is the tendency Tnemventicn relates Specicaiiy to the chute 5 of licht ashes, charred bits 0f peper. and other typo of inoioomooy which is the type used in light to rise through the chute with the apartment houses and other buildings in which hot combustion gases. This debris raised to the rofuoo may loo inserted through doors on oooh roof and discharged about the neighborhood. goo-T and dropped into o Chute Whoh loods di- Large mesh screens are citen inserted at the top rectly to a furnace chamber in the basement. 1o 0f the beine generally required by local The Conventional moinomtor furnace of this ordinance, but these screens are not effective in typo is essentially o boxliko Styuotm-o having a trapping small bits of refuse. A line mesh screen grate at the bottom thereof on which the garwould of course steh most of these small bits, but base and other refuse comes tc rest and accumu- Such screen would interfere with the draft lates. The furnace is also provided with various' 15 hlOugh the incinerator furnace. access doors for removing ashes, throwing in i5 the Dllilal Object of this invention to cellar rubbish, etc. One or more of these access provide an incinerator furnace in which the redoors is generally used as an air inlet opening. fuso and the combustion gases are subjected to The rciuseis usually allowed to accumulate Where 2m auxiliary flame regulated to maintain a deit drops upon the grate and is ignited at various sired furnace temperature which is sufficient to times. The gases of combustion pass up to the @MSG the refuse to burn thOl'ouehly and is also outlet or chimney on the roof through the same Sufficient to the combustion cases to be flue or chute down which the refuse is dropped. -GCGRRDOSQ. Sometimes a duplex but interconnecting nuo is Another object or the invention is the provision used t0 Separate partly the descending refuse 25 0f all. IlC-lllllallol lllllice ll'l which the COmbllS- from the asoondng gases. tion gases are caused to take a devious course A conventional incinerator of this type pcsthrough the furnace to the nue or chute, past sesses certain disadvantages. For instance, the bailes and checkerivork in order to insure comrefuse to be burned which is normally a mixture met@ COmbUStOIl 0i 'the gases, aS Weil as to Cause or" and rubbish in varying proportions, the inf-U01 amount 0f ash U0 deposited before have such a moisture content that igniit C311 be CM1-i601 up the fille 0r Chute. For this tion is made o? icult, if not impossible. if the p11-H3056, the IICDGIHOF fllll S C16-Signed t0 mixture al1-ich content of moist garbage it will prevent the combustion gases 'from flowing ditond to oom Slowly; While if it contains a large rectly upward to the ilue. Instead, the gases amount of dry rubbish such as paper or wood, it 2T@ Cit-11Std t0 tOi-10W a through a bY-DBJSS Will tend to burn quickly. If the mixture is left 136th@ fille.

to sn'lol'rlery the gases emitted have an extremely @ther Oblt al1- l--Vllltof-Ss Oi the invention disagreeable odor which permeates the atmos- Will be See/5113i ftillerlt in e course O the i01- phere around` the hl. ing in which the incinorodu lowing specification when taken in connection tor is matarlos fi ee those gases pass through 40 with the accomnanying dravy 7s which illustrate the single incincrat r chute, they also sometimes several applications of the i vention which are tend to seep through the incinerator doors on @"sltd by Way or illustration and not in a each licor and spread the disagreeable odor to limiting Sense. tho respectivo opaytmonts o1-lofts, Fig. 1 is a vertical section showing an incinera- It is generally recognized that a minimum tor furnace constructed according to the inventelnperature of i050" l. to 1200" F. is needed to tion and a -portion oi the flue or incinerator chute decompose the emitted gases render them mmlllfl'g therewith; all odorless. This minimum temperature is not often Fig- 2 iS a fragment-QTY CYGSS Setolol voltal attained, in the ccnventicnai incineratcr cf the Settim-"12:1 View. taken at richt oncles to Fis. 1 aforementioned type. It has been attempted to 5o and showing the nozzle in elevation. solve this problem by using auxiliary fuel in the With SDeCiC ltfcc t0 Fg- 1, the llCIlelaioognorator furnace in order to dry moisi; refuse tor shown therein comprises an incinerator furand properly ignite the same. The conventional nace designated generally by the reference nuincinerator construction, however, makes necesmeral i9. The incinerator also has the usual iiue sary a large supply of such fuel and is uneco- 01 Chute Il extending vertically the entire height of the building and communicating with a chimney or other outlet (not shown) at the top of the building, and with the incinerator furnace i. The furnace I and flue II as well as the other portions of the incinerator have the usual :inner walls I 2 made of fire brick, and outer walls 'I3 made of ordinary brick or other suitable materiaL The ue or chute II has a number of chute fdoors It, which open thereinto, these doors I4 being located vertically, one above the other, and one door it being located on each floor of the building. For convenience, only one of these doors I fr is shown in the drawings. When the occupant of any ioor wishes to dispose of garbage or rubbish, he opens the respective door I4 and drops the refuse down the chute I I into the furnace i5. This refuse R lands upon, and is retained b-y a grate I5 which is horizontally secured in spaced relation to the bottom surface of the furnace between the side wall of said furnace and a partition wall 1G. The garbage and rubbish R accumulates on this grate I 5 as shown in the drawings.

The partition wall I5 separates a lower portion of the furnace interior from 'the refuse resting on the grate I5. This separated lower portion I7 serves as a gas mixing and combustion chamber. The furnace Iii has a baiiie Wall Illa adjacent said chamber i l' which is provided with :one or more gas passages iB extending through checker-work i9. The gas passages I8 communicate with an uptake and connecting nue which serves as a icy-pass for returning the combustion gases to the main flue or chute EI. The uptake flue 2e is located adjacent the baflie wall Illa of the furnace and is connected by a passageway in the form of a pipe 29a, to the main ue or chute Ii above the juncture of the liuc II with the top of the furnace te. The opening in the flue or chute Ii with which the pipe 29a communicates, may optionally be provided with a screen 32 which prevents the refuse dropped down flue II from lodging in the pipe 26a or flue 20.

The furnace l is also provided with an eX- ternallylocated oil burner (not shown) whose nozzle 2i extends within the interior of the furnace I@ at a suitable location in which the flame emitted by the nozzle 2l will sufficiently cover the gas mixing and combustion chamber I'I as well as the refuse R which has accumulated on the grate l5. The fuel burner may burn gas or oil, and is preferably thermostatically controlled to maintain any desired furnace temperature.

An air blower 22 is located exteriorly of the furnace I-il. The blower 22 feeds through a pipe 23 to a plenum chamber 2f located adjacent the bottoni of the chute or nue II. The plenum chamber 2li has a nozzle 25 which extends through the wall of the flue or chute I I and communicates with the interior of said flue II. The nozzle 25 is preferably as wide as the flue II, so that it extends the full width of the flue I Incinerator lues vary in size but are generally about twenty inches to thirty inches square. The furnaces normally have a larger area.

The chute or ue lI is optionally provided with a damper 25 for controlling the draft, if necessary. The provision of such a damper will depend upon the requirements of the particular building in which the installation is to be made.

The furnace is provided with the usual access or feed openings, some examples of which are shown in the drawings. These openings have doors which may be opened or closed when relit) quired. For example, the furnace Ill has an air inlet opening 2I located below the grate I5, a. firing opening 28 located above the grate I5, an access opening 29 located adjacent the bottom of the gas mixing and combustion chamber I1, and an access opening 30 located adjacent the bottom of the uptake fiue 20.

At suitable times as refuse R. accumulates on the grate I5, the burner is fired and the flame emitted by the nozzle 2I will thoroughly dry said refuse R. Air forced from the blower 22 and out the nozzle 25 is directed down the lower end of the flue I I and into the interior of the furnace I0. This air current forms an effective shield which prevents the combustion gases from rising directly up the flue II from the furnace I0. As the air enters the furnace IIJ it is heated by the name and becomes a source of combustion air to assist in the effective combustion of the refuse R. Additional air if required can be introduced through the air inlet opening 2l, as indicated in the drawings, or through any of the other openings in the furnace I0.

The cold air entering the furnace interior creates a circutous air current, the direction of `which is indicated by the arrows in l. The heated air mixes with the burning gases and is carried over the top of the vpartition wall I 6, and into the gas mixing and combustion chamber Il. During its trave-l, and when it has entered the chamber il, the combustion gases are subjected to the flame emitted by the burner nozzle 2i and these gases are decomposed and rendered odorless. This is possible since the combustion gases are carried across the furnace il) instead of being allowed to escape directly up tie nuo il as in conventional incinerators.

The combustion gases and heated air leave the interior of tho furnace iii and enter the uptake and connecting flue 2i) through the gas passages E3. An appreciable portion of any small bits of ash or other waste particles carried by the current will encounter the checker-work I9 in the bae wall I ila and be deposited at the bottom of the gas mixing and combustion chamber Il. The lower portion of said chamber II thus acts as a catch pocket Si for this debris. The debris may be removed, when desired, through the access door 2li.

The air current then flows through the uptake flue 2G and the connecting pipe Zea and enters the main flue or chute II at a point above the nozzle at which the current originates. Thus the air current carries the combustion gases through a devious course in the furnace interior, and then through a by-pass to the iiue or chute I I through which it will rise to the roof, because of chimney draft action.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it is obn vious that numerous additions, alterations, and or issions may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. The invention is not intended to be limited to the specific structure of the incinerator nor the specific location or construction of the means for creating the draft. Obviously, these factors will vary with different field conditions and types of installations.

What is claimed is:

l. In an incinerating apparatus having a combuscion chamber and a common upwardly extending feeding and discharge flue communicating with one end of the combustion chamber, a by-pass leading from the other end of the combustion chamber to said ue above the lower end of the latter, said by-pass including a downow portion within the rear end of the combustion chamber and an upiiow portion rearward of the down-now portion with the two portions located on opposite sides of a vertical wall of the by-pass common to the combustion chambei' and the two by-pass portions with the lower portion of the wall perforated to afford communication between the portions, a discharge nozzle opening into the lower end of said iiue between said by-pass and the bottom of the nue and extending transversely the entire width of said iiue in a downwardly inclined direction, means operatively associated with said nozzle for delivering an external air stream under pressure into said nozzle and within the lower portion of said llue, the stream of air intersecting the length of such lower end of the nue and extending across the width of said flue and moving downwardly into the combustion chamber toward the front of the zone of incineration and substantially into contact with such incineration content to combine with and augment the ,products of combustion en route to the down-flow portion of the by-pass, the portion of the stream traversing such lower end of the flue forming a barrier against the direct escape of products of combustion from the combustion chamber to the flue.

2. 1n an incinerating apparatus having a combustion chamber and a common upwardly extending feeding and discharge flue communicating with one end of the combustion chamber, a by-pass leading from the other end of the combustion chamber to said flue above the lower end of the latter, said by-pass including a downflow portion within the rear end of the combustion chamber and an up-flow portion rearward of the down-now portion with the two portions located on opposite sides of a vertical wall of the by-pass common to the combustion chamber and the two by-pass portions with the lower portion of the wall perforated to afford communication between the portions, a discharge nozzle opening into the lower end of said flue between said by-pass and the bottom of the flue and extending transversely the entire Width of said flue, said nozzle being directed transversely toward the other side of said flue, means operatively associated with said nozzle for delivering an external air stream under pressure into said nozzle and within the lower portion of said nue, the stream of air intersecting the length of such lower end of the flue and extending across the width of said iiue and moving downwardly into the combustion chamber toward the front of the zone of incineration and substantially into contact with such incineration content to combine with and augment the products of combustion en route to the down-flow portion of the by-pass, the portion of the stream traversing such lower end of the flue forming a barrier against the direct escape of products of combustion from the combustion chamber to the ue.

3. In an incinerator having a combustion chamber and a common upwardly extending feeding and gas discharge flue communicating with one end of the combustion chamber, a bypass conduit communicating at one end with said combustion chamber and at the other end with said flue, a discharge nozzle opening into the lower end of said flue between said by-pass conduit and the bottom of the flue and extending transversely the entire width of the nue, and means operatively associated with said nozzle for introducing a current of air through said nozzle, said nozzle being directed in a downwardly-inclined direction to produce an air stream which flows downwardly across the bottom of said nue and into the furnace.

Il. 1n an incinerator having a combustion chamber and a common upwardly extending feeding and gas discharge nue communicating with one end of the combustion chamber, aby-pass conduit communicating at one end with an opening in said combustion chamber and at the other end with said flue, a discharge nozzle opening through one wall of said nue at the lower end therecin between said by-pass conduit and the bottom of the ilue and extending transversely the entire width of the flue, and means operatively associated With said nozzle for introducing a current of air through said nozzle, said nozzle being directed in a downwardly-inclined direction toward the bottom end of the opposite wall of said flue, said air-introducing means having sulcient force to create a shield of air across the lower end of said flue operative to prevent the passage of combustion gases from the furnace from rising vertically directly up the flue, and to cause the air to pass downwardly from the nue into the interior of said furnace.

5. An incinerator assembly according to claim 4 in which the combustion chamber opening is located at the end of the combustion chamber opposite said flue, whereby to cause said air current to traverse the length of the incinerator before entering said by-pass conduit through said furnace opening.

6. 1n an incinerating apparatus having a combustion chamber and a common upwardly extending feeding and gas discharge flue which communicates with one end of the combustion chamber, a by-pass conduit communicating with the other end of said combustion chamber and opening into said flue above the lower end thereof, a fuel burner in said combustion chamber, an air inlet conduit opening into said flue between said by-pass conduit opening and the bottom of the flue, said air inlet conduit extending transversely substantially the entire width of the flue and directed transversely toward the other side of said flue, and. means operatively associated with said inlet conduit for introducing a current of air through said air inlet conduit, said current of air covering the area of the flue and striking the opposite wall of the flue to form an air seal across the lower end of the nue and directed to prevent the escape of hot gases from said combustion chamber directly up said flue.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,291,091 Oakes Jan. 14, 1919 1,399,689 Clark Dec. 6, 1921 1,415,607 Oschmann May 9, 1922 1,665,487 Washburn Apr. l0, 1928 1,755,027 Sana Apr. 15, 1930 2,033,534 Nicholls Mar. l0, 1936 2,114,257 Thomas Apr. 12, 1938 2,125,517 Nicol Aug. 2, 1938 2,161,412 Gregg June 6, 1939

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