US1137232A

US1137232A - Incinerator.

Info

Publication number: US1137232A
Application number: US66561111A
Authority: US
Inventors: James B Ricketts
Original assignee: NIGHTINGALE Co
Current assignee: NIGHTINGALE Co
Priority date: 1911-12-14
Filing date: 1911-12-14
Publication date: 1915-04-27
Anticipated expiration: 1932-04-27

Description

.l. B. RICKETTS.

INCINERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED Dc.14. 1911.

Patented Apr. 27, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

fig.

\ fig. a.

J. B. RICKETTS.

INCINERATOR.

APPLICATION FlLED DEC. 14, I911.

Patented Apr. 27, 1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

J. B. RICKETTS.

INCINERATOR.

APPLICATION 1 1150 050.14. 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- OFFICE.

JAMES RICKETTS, OF BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS. ASSIGNOR TO THE NIGHTIN- GALE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

INCINERATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 27, 1915.

Application filed December 14, 1911. Serial No. 665 611.

To all arr/2 0m, it may concern.

Be it known that I, JAMES. B. RIcKET'rs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brookline, county of Norfolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Inoinerators, of which the following is'a specification, reference being bad therein to the accompanying drawing. I

This invention relates to an improvement in incinerators t be used for thestorage and destruction of any matter that it is desired to destroy by fire but it is especially intended for application to the construction of incinerators used for the destruction of garbage and other combustible refuse matter. In residences, apartment buildings,- hotels, hospitals and other institutions or habitation on land or sea there is a constant collection not only of garbage but of other refuse matter which gives rise to very unpleasant and noxious odors and which if allowed to stand is dangerous to the health and it is important to get rid of this matter as soon' as posssible. It is also important before being disposed of that it should be-kept in a tightly closed receptacle so that the odors cannot escape.

' The objects of the invention are, first, to enable the apparatus-to serve as a sanitary receptacle for garbage and other refuse matter during the accumulation of such mat ter and untilit is desired to'incinerate the same; second, to enable-the residue of the matter remaining on-the grate after incineration to be discharged rom the combustion chamber without obstructing the flame apertures in a gas burner; third, to provide for drainage of the free liquid present in the garbage into an evaporating tray so that the liquid accumulated in the tray will be evaporated by the heat from the burner, and fourth, to-dump the tray in order to discharge therefrom any solid matter which may accumulate therein.

The invention will be fully understood from the following description taken in. connection with the accompanying drawings, which represent a type of the inven tion and the novel features will be pointed and clearly defined in the claims at the nose of the specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 isa vertical section of an incinerator embodying the invention in which the fire is generated from is a front elevation fuel in a fire pot beneath the garbage holder. Fig. 2 is a vertical section from front to rear of the device shown in Fig. l on line of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section showing a modified form of construction adapted for a gas burner. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section partly broken away on line 5 of Fig. 4:. Fig. 6 (partly broken away) of the device shown in F lg. 4 showing the gas burner connection. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of an incinerator embodying the invention with a modified form of deflector and an auxiliary burner in the secondary combustion chamber. Fig. 8 is a section partly broken away, on line 88 of F ig. 7. Fig. 9 is a perspective view ofthe deflector and. auxiliary burner shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

Referring now to the drawings :In the preferred form of construction the device comprises a primary combustion chamber for the reception of the garbage or other refuse, a fire chamber beneath the primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustionchamber located above the primary combustion chamber within which the gases arising from the matterin the primary combustion chamber are destroyed, fire ducts leading from the fire chamber around outsidof the primary combustion chamber into the secondary combustion chamber and air ducts leading from the outside air through a passage between an outer and inner casing and with inlet from said passage into the secondary combustion chamber to supply fresh unburned oxygen to the secondary combustion chamber. It also comprises means for retarding and deflecting the productsof combustion in their passage from the fire chamber to the secondary combustion chamber by a deflector or battle in the secondary combustion chamber.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the primary combustion chamberis in the form of what I term a basket grate comprising side walls 1 preferably solid and of any suitable material and. having a dumping bottom whereby the residue after the destruction can be discharged. ably formed in three sections comprising two

inclined side sections

2, 2 which are shown pitching toward each other and a middle section 3 shaped as a trough or gutter beneath the converging ends of the

sections

2, 2. In-

This dumping portion'is prefera'smuch as there is usually considerable moisture in garbage the moisture will settle down upon'the

inclined grate sections

2, 2 and run down into the trough section 3. Preferably at the lower end of the stationary side walls 1 there are formed short grate bars 4 which slope downwardly pitching toward the

dumping grate sections

2, 2 so that any moisture which runs down the sides of the walls 1 will be carried by the grate bars 1, a to a point where it will drop onto the grate sections 2 and thence to the trough section 3.

Preferably means are provided whereby all three sections ofthe dumping grate may be turned'or dumped by the same lever. A dumping lever 5 is rigidly connected with the trough section 3. An arm 6 projects rigidly from the dumping lever 5 and is pivotally connected with one end of a link 7, Whose other end is pivotally connected with one end of the arm 8, whose other end is rigidly connected with one of the grate sections 2. An arm 9 is rigidly connected at one end to the lever 5, its other end being pivotally connected with one end of the link 10, whose other end is pivotally connected with one end of an arm 11, whose other end is rigidly connected with the secondary section 2. By turning the dumping lever 5 the entire dumping grate consisting of the two

sections

2, 2 and the trough section 3 is operated.

A casing 12 surrounds the basket grate or primary combustion chamber and'extends to some distance above and below this chamber. Within the casing .12 under the basket grate or primary combustion chamber is the fire chamber 13 within which. is the fire so that the heat and flames may pass up through the apertures in the bottom of the basket grate. Coal, wood, coke, or other suitable fuel may be employed. The bottom of the fire chamber 13 is provided with a grate 1 1 of any suitable construction for the bottom of a fire pot. I

Surrounding and inclosing the casing 12 is an outer casing 15 with an air space 16 between the walls of the two casings. The outer casing 15 is provided with a top or cap 17 out of which leads the smoke flue 18. The inner casing 12 is formed with. a top cap 19 with an opening 20 and a flue 21 leading therefrom into the smoke flue 18.

The basket grate-or primary combustion chamber is formed with a top 22 between which and the top 19 of the inner casing 12 is the secondary combustion chamber 23. In the top of the basket grate or primary. combustion chamber is an opening 2 1- which communicates with the secondary chamber 23 through which the gases from the primary combustion chamber 25 pass into the secondary chamber 23.

Extending'from the fire chamber13 up between the side walls 1 of the primary and the plates combustion chamber 25 and the wall of the inner casing 12 are fire ducts 26, preferably at least two in number, one on each of two opposite sides. The purpose of these ducts 26 is to convey the flame or igniting gases from the fire chamber up into the secondary chamber v23 so that the unburned gases which have passed from the primary combustion chamber 25 into the secondary combustion chamber will thereby be ignited. These fire ducts 26 should be relatively thin but extend the full width of the wall or nearly so, so as to alford ample space for the igniting gases to pass.

In order to promote combustion in the secondary chamber 23 it is important to have a supply'of fresh-oxygen introduced into the secondary chamber. To this end I provide air ducts 27 leading from the outside air through the walls of the outer casing 15 into the air chamber '16 near the lower part thereof and I provide air ducts 28 through the walls of the inner casing 12 near the upper part thereof leading into the secondary chamber 23 so that there is a constant supply of fresh oxygen to the secondary chamber where it will mingle with the unburned gases arising. I

In order to spread the gases so as to insure a more complete combustion I provide a deflector 29' in the secondary chamber between the passage 24 therefrom and the pa sage 20 leading to the smoke flue.

It is desirable to check the too rapid passage of the igniting gases from the fire 100 chamber 13 through the fire ducts 26, and

to that end I provide baffle plates. Preferably there is a series of bafile plates 30 projecting outwardly from the side walls 1 of the primary combustion chamber and a series of plates 31 projecting inward from the casing 12. The plates 30 from the wall 1 extend at a downward inclination and the plates 31 extend at an upward inclination,

30 and 31 are disposed in such manner as not to come opposite each other so that the gases will have a winding passage and both sets of deflector plates will have a tendency to not only retard the passage of the gases but also throw them toward the wall 1 of the basket grate so as to increase the heat in the primary combustion chamber. Another effect of the baftle plates in retarding the passage of the igniting gases is to force more of them up through the bottom of the basket grate and thence they will pass through thecontents of the primary combustion chamber.

One effect of the burnt gases and heat in passing through garbage is to vaporize the moisture in the garbage, if there 7 is any moisture in it, and. the vapor passes into the 1 secondary chamber carrying with it the IlOX-' ions gases which are mingled with the oxygen and consumed in the manner already de- 18 the primary combustion chamber.

scribed before they pass into the chimney flue.

A feed entrance is provided through which the matter to be consumed may be fed into This entrance is preferably through both casings and the side wall of the primary combustion chamber, and may be closed by a hopper door 32. lVhatever moisture does not pass out of the primary combustion chamber to the secondary chamber in the form of vapor will drain down upon the sides and bottom of the grate into the trough section 3 where it will be vaporized and pass up again I through the garbage.

In the form of construction shown in Figs. 1. 2 and 3 the fuel is supposed to be of solid character, but the invention is adapted for use with any suitable fuel or combustion device whereby heat of sufficiently high temperature is introduced up through the contents of the basket grate. v

In the form of device shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 inclusive, the apparatus is fitted for use with a gas burner. In this form of construction the trough section 3 drops down some distance below the two

grate sections

2, 2 and a gas burner 33 is provided which preferably is a straight tube extending transversely .of the upper part of the fire chamber 13 below the grate between the two converging ends of the grate sections 2, This gas burner tube is provided with apertures 34 through each of which the gas will flow and form a series of jets Offlame spreading over the under and outer surface of the basket grate. The outer ends of the inclined grate sections 2' are formed with downwardly extending projections or deflector flanges 50 andthe lower ends of the side walls 1 are also formed with deflector flanges 51, the purpose, of said deflectors being to retard the gases in passing from the fire chamber into the fire duct 2-6 and to deflect them so that they will be directed up through the perforated bottom grate into the primary combustion chamber.

In order to protect the burner from the moisture and ashes which fall from above I provide a hood 35 which slopes in such manner as to shed matter which rests upon it. The trough section 3 will be connected with the

sections

2, 2 by the several arms and levers 6*, 7 8 9 ,-10and 11, which are slightly modified in mechanical construction from the arms and levers 6, 7 8, 9, 10 and 11 shown in Fig. 1 merely to adapt them to the slightly different form.

I have provided means whereby the lever for the turning on and off of the gas will by the same motion control levers which will open and close inlets of air for fresh oxygen to the fire chamber and also to the secondary combustion chamber. The inlet air ducts 27 -which lead into the wall space 16 enter when so brought into alinement the other end of the slide will uncover the other inlet port 27. Connected with the slide 36 is a. connecting rod 38 pivoted at one end to said slide and at the other end to a rocking plate 39 which is fulcrumed at 40. A. connecting rod 41 is pivoted at one end to said rocking plate 39 and at its other end to an arm 42 which is rigidly connected to the axle 43 with which the lever 45% is also rigidly connected. The turning of the axle 43 by means of the lever 44 controls the turning on of the gas in the usual manner of a gas cook. The same movement of the lever 44 which turns on and off the gas will through the connection already described move the slide 36 so as to open the inlet ports 2" when the gas is on and to close the said inlet ports when the gas is off.

In some cases, especially where the garbage or other refuse material contains a large amount of moisture I prefer tosupplement the main burner which is located in the fire chamber with an auxiliary burner in the secondary combustion chamber. and this I preferably accomplish by combining the auxiliary burner in the secondary chamber with the deflector. Such form of construction is shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9. In this case the deflector 9.9 is surmounted by an arched plate. 45 which together with the deflector 29 form a chamber of which the dcflector plate 29 is the bottom. This chamber preferably extends from the front to the rear of the secondary chamber 23 but not for its full width. The rear end of the said chambered deflector is closed as by a wall 46. The front end has a tubular portion 48 Which comes out through the front of the casing. burner tube 47 of smaller diameter than the tubular portion 48 extends from outside of the front of the casing through said tubular portion 48 into the chamber of the deflector. The front end of the tubular portion 48 is provided with amovable shut ter 49 whereby when the shutter is open fresh oxygen is admitted. The burner and tube as shown constitute what is known as a Bunsen burner and is apertured in the interior of the deflector chamber so that the burning gas will go out in jets and heat the walls of the chambered deflector to a high temperature. The sides of the deflector chamber where the arched top plates 45 come down toward the deflector bottom plate 29 are not quite closed. but openings are left so that the hot gas will pass out into the secondary chamber 23 and thereby insure proper combustion.

I do not desire to confine my claim on this auxiliary burner to one location but desire to reserve the right to place the same at any point where the desired destruction of the noxious gases may be accomplished.

From the foregoing description it will he noted that my invention embodies three salient features, first, means for securing secondary combustion'of the gaseous products of combustion which flow from the primary chamber into the secondary chamber, the result of which is the fumes and gases are destroyed prior to making their escape through the the exit tube; second, a dumping grate which normally occupies a cooperative relation to the burner, said grate operating to dump the refuse or unconsumed material away from the burner so as to avoid the lodgment of the unconsumed material upon the burner and thereby preclude clogging of the flame apertures of the burner, and, third, an evaporating tray positioned below the burner and in cotiperative relation to the grate, said evaporating tray being movable in unison with the grate and simultaneously therewith, for the purpose of discharging any unconsumed material which may lodge upon the tray.

' The secondary combustion'established in the secondary chamber is obtained by a combustion of the gaseous products flowing into the chamber due to the admission of atmos-- pheric air into the gaseous products as they flow from the primary chamber into the sec ondary chamber and to the presence of a flame within the secondary chamber. s will. be noted by reference to Fig; 1, the outside shell is provided with air inlets 27 near the bottom thereof, and the second or intermediate shell is provided with other air inlets 28 near the top of the shell and adjacent to the secondary chamber, whereby atmospheric air from the outside of the incinerator will flow through inlets 27, the chamber between the outside-and second shells and the apertures 28 into the gaseous products of combustion as theyfiow from the primary chamber into the secondary chamber. Air is thus supplied to the gaseous products independently of the air or gases which flow from the primary chamber and from the space below the primary chamber so as to ascend through the flue or duct 26 provided intermediate the shell of the primary chamber and the second or intermediate shell of the apparatus. It is apparent that the gaseous products from the primary chamber 25 and the gaseous products from the fuel consumer within the space below the primary chamber, which latter gaseous products flow upwardly through the duct or fine 26 between the inner shell and the intermediate shell 12, will both be supplied to the secondary chamber 23, such upwardly flowing gaseous products being supplied with atmospheric air by apertures 27 28, so that the gaseous products will be surcharged with atmospheric air in a manner to support the combustion within the secondary chamber. As the atmospheric air flows through the space between shells 12 15 and through aper tures 27 28, the contact of such air with the shells will heat the air, thus preheating the air prior to admitting the same to the gaseous products of combustion. Furthermore, it is preferred to employ a gas burner 47 which is positioned Within the secondary chamber, said gas burner 47 having an independent source of air supply 49 to support the combustion of the gas issuing from the burner.

In a preferred form of the dumping grate, it is composed of two sections which are shown as having a downwardly converging relation with respect to the burner-and the evaporating tray. The material to be consumed is supported by the two grate sections in the path of the flame emanating from the burner so that the flame of the burner will impinge only upon the material to be incinerated. Furthermore, the material resting upon the grate may contain a certain amount of liquid matter, and the inclined grate operates to drain this liquid matter toward the evaporating tray, within which the liquid is free to collect so that it will become evaporated by the heat generated by the burner. Furthermore, the sections of the grate are independently pivoted, and with these grate sections there is associated means for imparting movement simultaneously to the grate sections, said grate sections operating to discharge in two directions and away from the burner.

The evaporating tray is positioned below the'iourner and in proximity thereto. Said tray is mounted or supported for dumping movement within the space below the primary chamber and the grate, such dumping movement of the evaporating tray being effected by means to which movement is imparted by the operation of dumping the grate, whereby the evaporating tray is operated in unison, or simultaneously with, the movement of the grate.

No claim is made herein to the secondary burner, the means for feeding secondary air thereto, and the parts and devices cooperating therewith, for the reason that such subject matter is claimed in another application filed by me March 22, 1913, Serial No. 756,218.

What I claim is: I

1. In an incinerator, the combination with a chamber for containing the material to be consumed, of a gas burner positioned in cooperative relation to said chamber, means for inoasing the burner to substantially preclude the lodgment of material thereon, and a grate separate from said incasing means,

said grate being operable to dump the material in a direction to overcome lodgment upon the burner and thereby preclude obstruction of the flame apertures of said burner.

2. In an incinerator, the combination with a combustion chamber adapted to contain the material to be consumed, of a gas burner positioned below the grate and in a plane intermediate the walls of said chamber, and

a two-part dumping grate separate from the burner, the parts of said grate operating to discharge the material away from the respective sides of said burner.

3. In an incinerator, the combination with a combustion chamber adapted to contain the material to be consumed,'of a gas burner positioned in a plane intermediate the walls of said chamber, and a sectional dumping grate separate from said burner, the members of said grate being inclined upwardly relative to the horizontal plane of said burner, said grate members operating to dump material in two directions and away from the burner.

4. In an incinerator, the combination of a combustion chamber having means for introducing therein the material to be consumed, a burner positioned in a plane intermediate the wallsof said chamber, a grate separate from the burner and inclined with respect thereto, and a drip-pan below the grate to receive liquid matter therefrom and in proximity to the burner, said grate operating to drain into the tray liquid matter present in the material supported upon the grate.

5. In an incinerator, the combination of a combustion chamber having means forintroducing therein the material to be consumed, a gas burner at the lower part of said chamber, a grate separate from, and in cooperative relation to said burner for supporting the material in the path of the flame emanating from said burner, and an evaporating tray positioned in proximity to said burner and in operative relation to thegrate,

said grate operating to drain into the tray liquid matter present in the material supported upon the grate.

6. In an incinerator, the combination of a combustion chamber having means for introducing therein the material to be consumed, a gas burner in proximity to the lower part of said chamber, an evaporating tray below said gas burner, and a grate separate from the gas burner and cooperating therewith in supporting the material in the path of the flame emanating from said burner, said grate being inclined relative to the evaporating tray and operating to drain liquid matter from the material supported thereby toward said evaporating tray.

7. In an incinerator, the combination of a combustion chamber having means for introducing therein the material to be consumed, a gas burner in proximity to the lower part of said chamber, an evaporating tray below said gas burner, and a grate separate froni'the gas burner and cooperating therewith in supporting the material in the path of the flame emanating from said burner, said grate being composed of sections which are inclined oppositely to each other and with respect to the tray for draining from the material resting upon the grate liquid matter adapted to be discharged into said tray.

8. In an incinerator, the combination of a chamber for containing the material to be consumed, a gas burner, an evaporating tray in proximity to the burner, and a dumping grate separate from the gas burner and positioned in cooperative relation to the burner and the tray.

9. In an incinerator, the combination of a chamber for containing the material to be consumed, a burner, an evaporating tray in proximity to the burner, and a dumping charge material away from the burner and the tray.

10. In an incinerator, the combination of a dumping grate, a dumping tray, and a single operating means for dumping the tray in unison with the dumping of the grate.

11. In an incinerator, the combination of a dumping grate, a dumping tray in cooperative relation to the grate, and means for actuating the tray by the movement of and simultaneously with the grate.

12. In an incinerator, the combination with a chamber for containing the material to be consumed, and a receptacle below said chamber, of a dumping grate, a dumping tray in cooperative relation to the grate, and means whereby the tray is dumped in unison with the dumping movement of said grate, said grate and tray operating toseparately discharge their contents into said receptacle. 1

13. In an incinerator, the combination of a gas burner, a hood separate from and partially incasing the burner, and a dumping grate in cooperative relation to the burner and the hood for supporting the ma- 7 burner.

15. In a crematory, the combination of an incinerating chamber having revolubly mounted grate elements to support the matter to be incinerated, a burner located adjacent said elements and in communication with the space therebelow, said grate elements being mounted to dump away from the burner, and a shield for said burner.

16. In a crematory, the combination of an incinerating chamber having revolubly mounted grate elements to support the matter to be incinerated, a burner located adjacent said elements and in communication with the space therebelow, a drip trough below the'burner and adjacent thereto, the grate elements being inclined so as to drain into said trough, and said elements being mounted to dump away from the burner and the trough.

17. Ina crematory, the combination of can incinerating chamber having revolubly mounted grate elements to support the matter to be incinerated, a burner located adjacent said elements and in communication With-the space therebelow, a shield for said burner, a drip trough below the burner and adjacent thereto, the grate elements being inclined so as to drain into saidtrough, and said elements being mounted to dump away from the burner and the trough.

18. In a crematory, the combination of an incinerating chamber having revolubly mounted grate elements to support the matter to be incinerated, a burner located adjacent said elements and in communication with the space therebelow, said grate elements being mounted to dump away from the burner, a casing forming with the walls of the incinerating chamber a secondary chamber in communication With the incincrating chamber, and also forming flues leading from the space below the grate ele ments to said secondary chamber, an exit flue leading from the secondary chamber, means for retarding the flow of the gases to the exit flue and means for burning said gases.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES B. RICKETTS.

W'itnesses:

WILLIAM A. COPELAND, ALICE H. Monmsorn