US3274960A

US3274960A - Incinerator

Info

Publication number: US3274960A
Application number: US335150A
Authority: US
Inventors: Goder Richard
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1964-01-02
Filing date: 1964-01-02
Publication date: 1966-09-27
Anticipated expiration: 1983-09-27

Description

Sept. 27, 1966 R. Gom-:R 3,274,960

INCINERATOR Filed Jan. 2, 1964 2 Sheets5heet l I u M CONTROL I e4/VEZ.

CON/WOL lnvenior' Rael-IARD GoDER Sept. 27, 1966 R. @ODER 3,274,960

INCINERATOR Filed Jan. 2, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor' RLCHARD GODER United States Patent O 3,274,960 IINCINERA'IR Richard Godet, i241 N. Honore St., Chicago, lill. Filed Ian. 2, 1964, Ser. No. 335,150 i Claims. (Cl. lili- 7) The present invention relates to an incinerator and more particularly it relates to an improved incinerator construction for a multiple story building.

Generally, incinerators for burning of waste materials are placed in `a building area that is out of .the way primarily because it involves trash disposal and the burning must be in an area convenient for the operator, utility supplies, and the like. One convenient area is the basement or general utility area of the building. In a multiple story structure it can readily be seen that disposal of Waste materials Will require movement of the waste materi-als from the area Where the waste is generated (on the upper levels of the multiple story building) to the incinerator for burning. Some incinerator constructions involve the use of a charging chute extending to the upper levels of the multiple story building. The waste materials are dropped into the chute and then directly into the primary combustion chamber of the incinerator for burning therein. Such installations, however, involve the use of the ilue gas discharge stack in the dual function of the charging stack. In such installations a hazardous situation may arise if waste materials become lodged in the flue gas discharge stack in that the gases will be blocked from discharge through the stack and may then be expelled through the various incinerator openings into the surrounding area. tlf the blockage occurs at one of the upper levels of the building, the gases may be discharged into the levels below the blockage. Charging of the materials directly to the incinerator is not conducive to the most effective and economical operation. Installations of this type require the addition of auxiliary warning equipment on the -fl'ue to give an audible indication, or the like, of a blockage.

The present invention is directed to the provision of an improved incinerator assembly for a multiple story building wherein a Waste materials charging chute extends from the incinerator area up through the building and has an access door at each floor. The waste material empties from the chute into a charging hopper and is stored there prior to charging to the incinerator on a cycling basis. The incinerator of the assembly is of multi-chamber construction having a primary combustionchamber for burning of the waste materials, a second-ary combustion charnber to complete combustion of the unburned gases from the primary chamber and a flue gas chamber for separation of ash particles, and the like, from the products of combustion to prevent discharge of ,said particles up the stack. The incinerator assembly is directed to the provision of a convenient loading assembly for a multiple story building and to a construction intended to avoid discharge of objectionable ash particles and unburned gases into the atmosphere.

It, accordingly, is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved incinerator assembly for a multiple story building.

Another object of the present invention resides in the provision of an improved incinerator construction for a multiple story building wherein a charging chute extends from the incinerator -up to the various building levels and has an access door at each building level.

A further object of the present invention resides in the multiple story building having a charging chute extending provision of an improved incinerator assembly `for a from the incinerator to the upper levels of the building and wherein the 'waste materials deposited into the chute c ICC are stored in a charging hopper for charging to the incinerator on a predetermined cycling basis.

An additional object of the present invention resides in the provision of an improved incinerator assembly for a multiple story building having a multiple chamber incinerator construction for complete burning of the gases and for removal of ash particles from the products of combustion prior to discharge of said products out the stack.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an improved incinerator assembly for a multiple story building having a charging chute extending to the upper levels of the building and emptying into a hopper assembly which assembly is adapted to cover a materials charging opening in the incinerator during the hopper loading portion -of the cycle and to -discharge the waste material from the hopper to the incinerator through 4said opening during the incinerator charging portion of the cycle.

Still another object of the present invention resides in the provision of an improved incinerator assembly having a charging hopper with temperature sensing means associated with said hopper to override the cycling mechanism in the event of combustion of the waste materials within the hopper to discharge the waste from the hopper into the incinerator out of the normal sequence.

The novel features which are believed to be char-acteristic of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appende-d claims. The invention itself, however, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a top plan View of a portion of the incinerator assembly of the present invention showing the top of the incinerator and the charging hopper with associated apparatus;

FIGURE 2 is a side View of the incinerator assembly of the present invention showing the charging chu-te, the hopper in relation to the chute and the incinerator of the assembly;

FIGURE 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the access door of the charging chute provided at each level of the multiple story building; and,

FIGURE 4 is an enlarged side elevation, partly in section, of the incinerator showing the multi-chamber construction, the charging hopper and materials charging opening of the incinerator.

Referring more particularly now to the drawings, the incinerator assembly is shown generally at 10 and includes the incinerator, indicated generally lat i12, the charging chute `14, charging hopper 16, and gas discharge stack 18.

The charging chute 14 of the assembly extends from the incinerator terminal thereof, indicated at 20, upwardly through the various levels, 21, 22, and 23 of the building. An access opening 24a with a door 24 is provided at each building level or floor, as seen in FIGURE 2. The door, illustrated in greater detail in FIGURE 3, is a swing-out type, and defines a three-sided short chutelike member. The waste materials (not shown) are deposited upon the opened door 24 and slide therefrom into the interior of the chute 14 and then to the incinerator terminal 20 of chute 14. A chute gate, indicated generally at 26, is provided at the incinerator terminal of the chute 14 and is adapted in one position to be in registration with the bottom opening defined by the incinerator terminal 20 of the chute 14 and in a second position to be out of registration with said opening 2t) to permit discharge of waste materials from the chute into the hopper 16, as described hereinbelow. The chute gate 26 includes a stop member, or disk, 28 which extends to cover the opening of the incinerator terminal of the chute in the closed position. The stop member 28 of gate 26 is affixed to the free end of the piston rod 38 of cylinder 32. When the cylinder 32 is operated to move the rod 30 in one direction or the other axially of said cylinder, the rod 30 will, in turn, move the member 28 into or out of registration with the opening of the incinerator terminal of chute 14. With the rod 30 extended, as seen in FIGURE 2, the member 28 is in registration with the opening of chute 14 to close the opening and prevent discharge of waste materials from said chute. When the rod is withdrawn into the cylinder 32, the member 28 will be moved along with said rod to bring it out of registration with the bottom opening of chute 14 to permit discharge of the waste terminals from said chute into the hopper 16.

The incinerator 12 `is of multi-chamber construction and includes a primary combustion chamber 34, a secondary combustion chamber 36 and a particle precipitator chamber 38. The incinerator is defined by external refractory walls 40, lfloor 42, and roof 44. One Wall of the primary combustion chamber 34 is provided with an opening 46 extending through said wall and into the waste materials burning portion of said chamber (defined below). A second opening 48 extends through said wall and into the ash deposit or ash pit portion of the chamber 34.

The primary combustion chamber 34 is divided into said waste materials burning and ash receiving portions,

vas noted above, by a grate assembly, indicated generally at 50. The grate assembly 50, in the illustrative embodiment herein set forth, includes a step grate 51 and a flat grate 52. The step grate Sil defines a plurality of short .plates positioned on a ldiagonal and extending in step-like `arrangement from a wall of the combustion chamber at a Ipoint thereon spaced between the roof and floor of said chamber, diagonally toward the flat grate 52 Iwhich is disposed 1in said chamber 34 in spaced relation to the floor 42 thereof.

The primary combustion chamber 34 includes a fuel linlet port 514 in ywhich the fuel feed mixture and injection means is disposed and positioned t-o feed a combustible mixture to the chamber. An air port 56 is defined in a side wall of the chamber below the grate 50 so that the `auxiliary inspirated air needed for combustion in the chamber 34 passes through the waste materials deposited on the grate assembly.

A materials charging opening 58 is defined in the roof 44 of the primary combusti-on chamber 34 to provide means for charging the waste materials to the incinerator from the top thereof.

A first refractory wall 60 extends from the floor 42 of the incinerator to a point spaced from the roof thereof to define a space 62 between the upper terminal 61 of the wall 60 and the roof 44. The wall 60 defines a separation between Ithe primary combustion chamber 34 and the secondary combustion chamber 36.

The secondary combustion chamber 36 is included in the incinerator assembly t-o provide for complete combustion of the unburned gases discharged from the primary combustion chamber 34. It should be observed that fuelair ratios, proper mixtures and combustion conditions are difficult to control and maintain without elaborate and expensive control components and the problem may be especially difficult if wet materials are being burned in the incinerator. Further, a variety of materials may be charged to the incinerator over any given period of time of varying chemical composition giving off various products during combustion, the characteristics being ditiicult to predict and to control. The secondary combustion chamber 36 provides means for completing the combustion of the incompletely burned gases from the primary combustion chamber to neutralize the products of combustion and provide for safe discharge thereof to the atmosphere. A fuel inlet port 64 is provided in the secondary combustion chamber for injection of a combustible mixture thereto to provide for combustion of the gases passing through said chamber. An air inlet portion 66 is defined below a baffle 68 in the wall 60 of the incinerator. A clean-cut opening 70 having a door 71 is provided at the `base of the secondary combustion chamber 36 to provide access for removal of any solids that are deposited in said chamber during .passage of gases therethrough.

A second wall 72 extending continuously from the floor 42 of the incinerator to the roof A44 thereof separates the secondary combustion chamber 36 from the precipitator chamber 38. A plurality of relatively small diameter openings '74 defined in an area of checlterwork defined in the wall 72 are provided to define means for passage of the products of combustion from the secondary combustion chamber 36 through the wall 72 and into the precipitaor .chamber 38 of the incinerator.

The precipitator chamber 38 is included in the assembly to provide means for removal of particles carried over from the primary and secondary combustion chambers during burning of the waste materials. As the gases pass from the primary 'combustion chamber 34rto the secondary combustion chamber 36 they pass through the relatively restricted space 62, defined between the roof of the incinerator and the top 61 of the wall 6i). This results in an increase in velocity of the gases through space 62 and a slowing thereafter upon entry into the large area of the secondary combustion chamber 36. Some of the particles in the gases will drop out of suspension and be deposited on the door of chamber 36 since they are too heavy to be supported by the now slower moving gases in said chamber 36. These heavier particles will collect at the bottom of chamber 36 and may be removed through the clean-out opening '70. The gases then move through the relatively small diameter openings in the checkerwork of wall 72 and move toward the discharge stack 18 of the incinerator. A significant increase in velocity of the gases occurs during passage thereof through openings 74 and particles may be carried through in suspension in the fast moving gases. The moving body of gases will have suicient dynamic ability to sustain particles in suspension therein. Immediately after passage through the opening 74, the gases pass into the relatively large area defined by the chamber 38 and the gases further must undergo a change in direction in passage toward the stack 18. The greatly reduced velocity of the gases accompanied by the change in direction results in precipitation of a relatively large percentage of the suspended particles from the gases which particles drop to the bottom of the chamber 38 and may be removed therefrom through the clean-out opening 76. Dry cleaning of the gases is preferred to wet cleaning thereof in that the dust is more easily and economically yhandled in the dry state as it comes from the precipitator chamber 38.

The gases pass from the chamber 38 into the stack conduit 81 extending therefrom and then into a flue gas washer 78. A valve or damper member may be provided in the stack `conduit 81 to regulate the passage of gases therethrough. The flue gas washer 78 is adapted to remove a significant portion of the solid particles remaining in suspension in the gases after passage through the primary precipitator (precipitator chamber 38). The washer 78 removes particles from suspension by passing the gases through a curtain of water to wet the dust particles and make them sufficiently heavy to drop out of suspension and to be deposited in the bottom of the gas Washer 78. The gases then pass to the stack 18. A fan 82 is included in the stack circuit to provide artificial draft means for movement of the flue gases up the stack 18 for discharge therefrom into the atmosphere.

The waste materials receiving hopper 16 is movable between a first position wherein the hopper is in registration with the discharge opening at the incinerator terminal of the chute 14 and a second position wherein the hopper 16 is in registration with the opening 58 of the incinerator roof 44. In the first position of the hopper 16 (as seen in FIGURE 2) waste materials deposited into the chute 14 drop down the chute and into said hopper for storage therein prior to charging of the waste materials to the incinerator 12. The hopper 16 is movably supported upon rails 84 for movement between said first and second positions. A gate member S6 extends from the bottom portion of the hopper 16 and along between the rails 84 to dene closure means for the opening 58 when the hopper 16 is in said first position below the terminal 20 of chute 14. In this position, the opening 5S must be covered to prevent discharge of odors and products of combustion into the general area about the incinerator assembly. The closure member 86 provides means to cover the opening 58. The gate 86 is provided with a plurality of wheels 88, which wheels are received on the rail member 84 and adapted to move therealong. The gate member 86 is aixed to one end of the piston rod 90 of cylinder 92. The cylinder 92, when operated, is adapted to move the gate member 86, and therethrough the hopper 16, from a rst position in registration with the opening 58 to a second position spaced therefrom. The hopper 16 as indicated hereinabove, is in registration with the chute 14 when the gate 86 is in registration with opening 58 of the incinerator. The hopper is in registration with the opening 58 when the gate 86 is spaced there from. The -hopper 16 is open at the top and bottom. The top opening of said hopper is in close proximity to the Waste materials charging chute 14 so that any odors that may be given off by the materials that are stored in the hopper 16 will be discharged to atmosphere through the chute 14, which chute extends to a suitable vent externally of the building. The bottom opening of the hopper, when said hopper is in the first position and in registration with the chute 14, is closed by the slab or platform 17 upon which it rests. When the hopper is moved to the second position the trailing wall of the hopper scrapes the material at the bottom of the hopper along the platform 17 until it reaches the opening 58 at which time it drops therethrough and into the primary combustion chamber of the incinerator.

The hopper 16 is provided with safety means 94 which may be a thermally responsive override element. This element 94 is adapted to override the normal cycling control to move the hopper 16 from its rst position to the second (discharge) position when the temperature within the hopper 16 reaches a predetermined level indicative of the probable existence of a re in the hopper. It is important for safety reasons to deposit the materials within the incinerator in the event they spontaneously ignite in the hopper 16. The override control 94 does not alter the normal predetermined cyclic operation of the apparatus. Rather, it completes the circuit independently to operate the cylinder 92 and to move the hopper assembly 16 over the opening 58 to dump the waste materials therefrom.

The normal cycling of the hopper discharge and incinerator may be set by the operator to function at predetermined time inervals by making time `response settings on a control panel 96. As seen in FIGURE 2 of the drawings, `the panel 96 is connected through lead 98 to the cylinder 32 for control thereof and thereby for control of the position of gate 28. The panel 96, likewise, is connected through lead 100 4to `the cylinder 92 for control of that cylinder and therethrough of the hopper position. The panel 96 also is connected through lead 102 to the burner conntrol mechanism 103 on the incinerator which mechanism 103 controls the on and off condition of the primary and secondary burners including the fuel and air feed lines associated therewith, all as noted hereinabove. The itemperautre override mechanism 94 associated with the hopper 16 is connected through lead 194 to the panel 96. If operating conditions are normal during cycling of the incinerator, the override mechanism will be passive during each portion of the cycle. If, however, the temperature in the hopper 16 reaches a predetermined thermal level (present on the mechanism 94), then the override mechanism will assume control of the hopper position means and will dump the contents of `the hopper into the incinerator.

The automatic cycling control may be programmed on a time basis to operate the incinerator assembly. Upon cycling, the waste chute first is closed. The waste hopper then is moved to registration with the waste receiving opening of the incinerator to discharge the waste materials accumulated in the hopper and to deposit them on the incinerator grate. The incinerator burners then are ignited to provide means to consume the waste materials. Burner 64 in the secondary combustion chamber 36 is started up first to rassure existence of conditions for complete combustion of any gases that exist or are created in the incinerator. After the burner 94 is ignited and operating the burner 54 in the primary combustion chamber is ignited :and combustion of the waste materials will begin as soon as said materials are heated to their respective temperatures of combustion.

Whilea specific embodiment of the present invention is shown and described, it will, of course, be understood that other modifications and alternative constructions may be used without departing from `the true spirit and scope `of the invention. It is intended by the appended by the appended claims `to cover all such modifications and alternative constructions as fall within their `true spirit and scope.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. An improved waste materials incinerator assembly for a multiple story building comprising, in combination: an incinerator having a primary combustion chamber, a secondary chamber and a precipitator chamber, a charging chute extending continuously from the incinerator through each story of the multiple story building land having an opening at each story of the building for introduction of waste materials therein, said chute having a discharge opening at the incinerator terminal thereof whereby said materials pass down said chute toward the incinerator terminal thereof; a movable charging hopper in `a first position being in registration with the incinerator terminal of the charging chute and in a second position being in registration with the materials charging opening in `the incinerator, said hopper adapted in said rst position to receive the waste materials passing through the charging chute; and, operating means to move said hopper into its first and. second positions, respectively.

2. An improved waste materials incinerator assembly for a multiple story building comprising, in combination: an incinerator having a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber and a precipitator chamber, a changing chute extending continuously from the incinerator through each story of the multiple story building said chute having an opening at each story of the building for introduction of waste materials therein, said chute having a discharge opening at the incinerator terminal thereof whereby said materials pass down said chute toward the incinerator terminal thereof, said incinerator terminal of the chute being in .spaced offset relation to the materials charging opening of the incinerator; a chute gate adapted :to move into and out of registration with the chute opening at the incinerator terminal thereof to control discharge of waste materials from the chute; a charging hopper movable from a rst position in registration with the opening at the incinerator terminal of the charging chute to a second position in registration with the materials charging opening in the incinerator, said charging hopper being open. at both ends and adapted .in said first position to receive the waste materials introduced to the charging chu-te, said hopper including gate means adapted in a first position to block the materials charging opening of the incinerator and in a second lposition to be spaced from said opening; and, operating means to move said hopper and gate assembly between their iirst and second positions, respectively.

3. An improved waste materials incinerator `assembly for a multiple story building comprising, in combination: an incinerator having a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber and a precipita-tor chamber, a charging chute extending from the incinerator through the levels of the multiple story building and having an opening at each level for introduction of waste materials therein, said chute having a discharge opening at the incinerator terminal thereof, said materials adapted to pass down the chute to the incinerator terminal, said incinerator terminal being in spaced and offset relation to the incinerator materials charging opening of the incinerator roof; a chute gate adapted to move into and out of registration with the opening at the incinerator terminal of the chute to control discharge of waste materials therefrom; a movable charging hopper adapted in a rst position to be in registration with the opening at the :incinerator terminal of the charging chute and in a second position to be in registration with the materials charging opening in the incinerator roof, said charging hopper being open at both ends and adapted in said first position to receive the waste materials introduced to `the charging chute, said hopper including gate means adapted in a irst position to block the materirals charging opening of the incinera-tor and in a second position to be spaced from said opening; and, time interval responsive operating means adapted in sequence and at predetermined time intervals to close the chute gate, move the charging hopper from its rst position to its second position, energize the burner for the secondary combustion chamber and then to energize the burner for the primary combustion chamber.

4. An improved waste materials incinerator assembly for a multiple story building comprising, in combination: an incinerator having a primary combustion chamber, la secondary combustion chamber and a precipitator chamber, a charging lchute extending from the incinerator through each story of the multiple story building and having an opening at each story of said building for introduction of waste materials therein, said chute having a discharge opening at the incinerator tenminal thereof whereby said materials pass down said chute toward the incinerator terminal; a movable charging hopper in a first position being in registration with the incinerator terminal of the charging chute and in a second position being in registration with the materials charging opening in the incinenator, said hopper adapted in said rst position to receive `the waste materials passing through the charging chute; override control means responsive to the temperature within the charging hopper and :adapted to cause the hopper to move from said first position to said second position upon realization of a predetermined temperature level in the hopper indicative of combustion of waste materials therein; and operating means `to control the action of the assembly in a predetermined time interval relation to close the chute gate to prevent further discharge of waste materials therefrom and to move the changing hopper from said rst to said second position for transfer of waste materials from the Icharging hopper through the charging opening of the incinerator and into the primary combustion chamber of the -ncinerator.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,133,978 3/1915 Leask 110-118 1,877,214 9/1932 Woodman 110-7 2,678,008 5/1954 Blum et all. 110-18 2,838,016 6/1958 Sharpe 110-18 2,937,603 5/1960 Schneider 110-18 KENNETH W. SPRAGUE, Primary Examiner.

FREDERICK L. MATTESON, JR., Examiner.

H. B. RAMEY, Assistant Examiner.

Claims

1. AN IMPROVED WASTE MATERIALS INCINERATOR ASSEMBLY FOR A MULTIPLE STORY BUILDING COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION: AN INCINERATOR HAVING A PRIMARY COMBUSTION CHAMBER, A SECONDARY CHAMBER AND A PRECIPITATOR CHAMBER, A CHARGING CHUTE EXTENDING CONTINUOUSLY FROM THE INCINERATOR THROUGH EACH STORYL OF THE MULTIPLE STORY BUILDING AND HAVING AN OPENING AT EACH STORY OF THE BUILD ING FOR INTRODUCTION OF WASTE MATERIALS THEREIN, SAID CHUTE HAVING A DISCHARGE OPENING AT THE INCINERATOR TERMINALS THEREOF WHEREBY SAID MATERIALS PASS DOWN SAID CHUTE TOWARD THE INCINERATOR TERMINALS THEREOF; A MOVABLE CHARGING HOPPER IN A FIRST POSITION BEING IN REGISTRATION WITH THE INCINERATOR TERMINALS OF THE CHARGING CHUTE AND IN A SECOND POSITION BEING IN REGISTRATION WITH THE MATERALS CHARGING OPENING IN THE INCINERATOR, SAID HOPPER ADAPTED IN SAID FIRST POSITION TO RECEIVE THE WASTE MATE-