US3582053A - Method and apparatus for injecting liquid fuel into a shaft furnace - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for injecting liquid fuel into a shaft furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3582053A
US3582053A US802117A US3582053DA US3582053A US 3582053 A US3582053 A US 3582053A US 802117 A US802117 A US 802117A US 3582053D A US3582053D A US 3582053DA US 3582053 A US3582053 A US 3582053A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
fuel
compressed gas
channel
injector
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Expired - Lifetime
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US802117A
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English (en)
Inventor
Raymond George Limpach
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Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents

Definitions

  • the mixture of fuel and gas is then passed through at least one further chamber in which a further jet of compressed gas completes the atomization of the fuel.
  • the mixture is then caused to converge and then diverge before being subjected to the action of a hot oxidizing gaseous fluid, whereby the fuel is burned before being injected into the furnace.
  • the amount of fuel which can actually be used by this method is, relatively speaking, low.
  • the jet of fuel is scarcely dispersed at all and the fuel no longer burns before leaving the combustion zone of the blast furnace; in addition the degree of atomization of the fuel is dependent on the rate of flow of the hot air.
  • a method for the injection of fuel into a shaft furnace comprising the steps of introducing a jet of liquid fuel into a chamber, in which the pressure on the liquid is reduced, injecting into the chamber a jet of compressed gas which atomizes the fuel and mixes with it, passing the mixture through one or more secondary chambers in series with the first chamber in each of which it is subjected to the action of one or more jets of compressed gas, which jets enhance the atomization of the fuel, directing the mixture of fuel and gas through a convergent/divergent device, and subjecting the mixture at the outlet of the said device to the action of a hot oxidizing gaseous fluid in a proportion such that substantially all the fuel present in the mixture is burned before being introduced with the fluid into the shaft furnace.
  • This method ensures a high calorific combustion yield and increases the working life of the device in which the combustion starts up and develops. Moreover, .the degree of atomization of the fuel and accordingly the homogeneity of the fuel/compressed gas mixture are particularly high.
  • the jets of compressed gas are preheated before entering the mixing chambers, which enables the gasification of the fuel to be started, this preheating being carried out preferably by means of the hot oxidizing gaseous fluid which is preferably hot air.
  • the oxygen content of the jets of compressed gas is higher the nearer the chamber into which they are directed is to the convergent/divergent device, in front of it, the jet of compressed gas in the chamber immediately preceding the convergent/divergent device being substantially richer in oxygen than the jets in the other chambers.
  • combustion of the fuel cannot give up intense heat in the first mixing chambers, with the result that any risk of the destruction of these chambers by abnormal increase in temperature is ruled out; combustion develops mainly in the last chamber, which is less likely to be destroyed since the gases produced by the combustion escape immediately from the chamber, and in practice there is scarcely time for them to raise the temperature of the walls of the said last chamber.
  • the invention also provides an injector by which it is possible to put the above-described method into operation; such an apparatus is shown diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. It shows an injector for liquid fuel
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the injector illustrating an alternative embodiment of the injector.
  • the horizontal portion 4 of the branch surrounds a fuel injector which is constructed as follows; a fuel line 5 opens out through orifices 7 into an expansion chamber 6, where the fuel is atomized by means of jets of compressed gas. The mixture of fuel and gas is conveyed from the expansion chamber 6 to a secondary chamber 8, where it is again subjected to the action of jets of compressed gas.
  • gases are supplied via the conduit 10 fed at 11, and penetrate into the chambers through the orifices l2 and 13; an orifice 9 gives communication between the chambers 6 and 8; the secondary chamber 8 opens out into a convergent/divergent device 14/ 15, arranged to face the orifice l8 formed in the wall of the furnace.
  • a convergent nozzle 16 which is axially displaceable, enables the length of the flame to be regulated.
  • two secondary chambers 8,21 are in series with the chamber 6 and communicate with each other through an orifice 22.
  • the mixture of fuel and compressed gas passes from the chamber 8 through the orifice 22 and is again subjected to the action of jets of compressed gas from orifices 13.
  • the mixture is further subjected to the action of an oxygen-rich gas injected through orifices 20 opening out from a gasline 19. Partial combustion of the fuel occurs in the chamber 21 and the mixture emerges through the convergent/divergent device 14.
  • the injector forming the subject of the invention has the essential features that it comprises:
  • This channel is intended to supply a compressed gas to the chambers, the orifices being orientated in such a way that the jets of compressed gas meet and atomize the jet or jets of fuel introduced into the first chamber and that the jets of gas meet in each secondary chamber the fuel/compressed gas mixture issuing from the prior chamber.
  • a convergent/divergent device obturating the last secondary chamber in such a manner that the fuel and compressed gas mixture cannot leave this chamber except by passing through the convergent/divergent device.
  • This channel is connected to the furnace, for instance, by means of a tuyere, and the convergent/divergent device sealingly opens out into the interior of the channel.
  • the last chamber i.e. that immediately in front of the convergent/divergent device, has means for supplying a gas rich in oxygen, which means may open out into the last chamber through, for instance, inlets as used for the compressed gas or through separate type inlets.
  • a frustoconical nozzle is arranged convergently at the oJtlet of the convergent-divergent device so as to leave a free space between the convergent/divergent device and the nozzle, the nozzle being displaceable substantially along the axis of the injector, this having the advantage of making it possible to regulate the length of the flame issuing from the injector.
  • the fuel line is arranged in the interior of the compressed gas channel which is itself disposed in the interior of the channel for the hot, oxidizing gaseous fluid.
  • the injector illustrated in the accompanying drawing enables the compressed gas to be preheated by the hot, oxidizing gaseous fluid, while protecting the fuel from any possible cracking effect resulting from premature heating. Moreover, the compressed gas cools the internal wall of the channel and accordingly protects it from the heat of the fluid.
  • a liquid fuel injector was constructed in accordance with the above description with an injection capacity in an industrial furnace of 300 kg./hr. of extra heavy fuel, heated to 100 C.; this injector functioned at a fuel pressure of 9 kg./cm. at entry; the compressed gas used for atomizing and gasifying the fuel was injected at 6 kg./cm.*, at a rate of flow of 30 nm /hr., and the hot air supplied to the tuyere of the blast furnace was at a pressure between 1 kg./crri. to 1.2 kg./cm.
  • the injector described was subjected to a laboratory test by which it was possible to check its functioning characteristics. During the course of this test, the injector was placed in a tubular electric furnace, heated to 900 C., to simulate the thermal conditions existing in the interior of a blast furnace tuyere. Compressed air was circulated in an envelope protecting the injector externally, and the air became heated, while still protecting the injector.
  • the injector was introduced into a blast furnace tuyere, and its performance was compared to that of the standard injectors with which the other tuyeres of the same furnace were equipped.
  • the injector was not possible to observe any combustion flame.
  • the fuel was in actual fact liquid all the time, and unignited when it passed into the combustion zone in the interior of the furnace.
  • the tuyere equipped with the new injector it was possible to observe a fuel combustion flame already in the interior of the tuyere, i.e. before the combustion zone of the coke in the furnace. It was possible to raise the rate of fuel oil supplied to this new injector to a value 30 percent higher than with standard injectors.
  • a method for injecting fuel into a shaft furnace comprising introducing a jet of liquid fuel into a first chamber, atomizing the fuel by means of a jet of compressed gas wherein the gas mixes with the atomized fuel, causing the mixture to converge and then diverge, then subjecting the mixture to the action of a hot oxidizing gaseous fluid, and introducing the mixture of fuel gas and oxidizing fluid into the shaft furnace: the improvement comprising the steps of passing mixture of fuel and compressed gas from said first chamber immediately through at least one secondary chamber; introducing at least one further jet of compressed gas into said secon dary chamber to augment the atomization of the fuel; and after causing the mixture to converge and then diverge, introducing the hot oxidizing gaseous fluid into the mixture in such a proportion that substantially all the fuel present in said mixture of fuel and compressed gas is burned before being introduced along with said oxidizing fluid into the furnace.
  • an injector for the injection of liquid fuel into a shaft furnace comprising a first chamber, a fuel line for supplying liquid fuel to said first chamber through at least one orifice, at least one inlet into said first chamber, a channel for injecting a compressed gas into said first chamber through said inlet, a convergent/divergent means through which the liquid fuel and compressed gas pass, and a channel for supplying a hot oxidizing gaseous fluid to the furnace, the convergent/divergent means sealingly opening out into the interior of said channel for hot oxidizing gaseous fluid: the improvement being at least one secondary chamber having an orifice, the secondary chamber communicating with said first chamber through the orifice; at least one injection inlet through which said channel for the compressed gas opens into said secondary chamber; said inlet in said first chamber being orientated such that the compressed gas injected therein mixes with and atomizes the fuel supplied into said first chamber; said inlet in said secondary chamber being orientated such that the compressed gas meets the fuel and compressed gas mixture is
  • an injector for the injection of liquid fuel into a shaft furnace, comprising a first chamber, a fuel line for supplying liquid fuel to said first chamber through at least one orifice, at least one inlet into said first chamber, a channel for injecting a compressed gas into said first chamber through the said at least one inlet, a convergent/divergent means through which the liquid fuel and compressed gas pass, and a channel for supplying a hot oxidizing gaseous fluid to the furnace,-the convergent/divergent means sealingly opening out into the interiorol said channel 'for hot oxidizing gaseous fluid: the improvement being a series of 'seco ndary chambers comprising at least a first secondary chamber and a last secondary chamber, said first secondary chamber, communicating with said first chamber through an orifice; further injection inlets through which said compressed gas channel opens into said secondary chambers,
  • said injection inlet into said first chamber being orientated such that the compressed gas injected therein mixes and atomizes the fuel supplied into said first chamber; said further injection inlets being orientated such that the compressed gas injected into each secondary chamber meets the fuel and com,- pressed gas mixture issuing from the previous secondary chamber in the series, whereby the atomization of the fuel is which is arranged in the interior of said channel for the hot oxidizing gaseous fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US802117A 1968-02-28 1969-02-25 Method and apparatus for injecting liquid fuel into a shaft furnace Expired - Lifetime US3582053A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU55572 1968-02-28

Publications (1)

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US3582053A true US3582053A (en) 1971-06-01

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ID=19725511

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US802117A Expired - Lifetime US3582053A (en) 1968-02-28 1969-02-25 Method and apparatus for injecting liquid fuel into a shaft furnace

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US (1) US3582053A (en))
JP (1) JPS4825283B1 (en))
BE (1) BE726985A (en))
DE (1) DE1909496B1 (en))
FR (1) FR2002766A1 (en))
GB (1) GB1216042A (en))
LU (1) LU55572A1 (en))

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816063A (en) * 1971-12-23 1974-06-11 Rech Schentifiques Et Minieres Process for heating industrial furnaces
US4072502A (en) * 1973-03-26 1978-02-07 Skf Industrial Trading And Development Co. B.V. Method apparatus for increasing blast gas temperature in a shaft furnace
US5436210A (en) * 1993-02-04 1995-07-25 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for injection of a liquid waste into a molten bath

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RO66212A2 (fr) * 1975-03-19 1978-04-15 Inst Pentru Creatie Stintific Procede de combustion et bruleurs pour combustible liquid
JPS5727673U (en)) * 1980-07-22 1982-02-13
CH676631A5 (en)) * 1988-08-04 1991-02-15 R & D Carbon Ltd

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1206346B (de) * 1960-12-30 1965-12-02 Polysius Gmbh Verfahren zum Brennen und Sintern von Zement und aehnlichem Gut in einem Schachtofen
DE1254279B (de) * 1962-11-23 1967-11-16 Erhard Schwarze OElbrenner

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816063A (en) * 1971-12-23 1974-06-11 Rech Schentifiques Et Minieres Process for heating industrial furnaces
US4072502A (en) * 1973-03-26 1978-02-07 Skf Industrial Trading And Development Co. B.V. Method apparatus for increasing blast gas temperature in a shaft furnace
US5436210A (en) * 1993-02-04 1995-07-25 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for injection of a liquid waste into a molten bath

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4825283B1 (en)) 1973-07-27
FR2002766A1 (en)) 1969-10-31
BE726985A (en)) 1969-07-16
DE1909496B1 (de) 1970-11-12
GB1216042A (en) 1970-12-16
LU55572A1 (en)) 1969-10-01

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