US3579245A - Method of transferring liquid - Google Patents

Method of transferring liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
US3579245A
US3579245A US688947A US3579245DA US3579245A US 3579245 A US3579245 A US 3579245A US 688947 A US688947 A US 688947A US 3579245D A US3579245D A US 3579245DA US 3579245 A US3579245 A US 3579245A
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United States
Prior art keywords
stream
liquid
region
droplets
cause
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US688947A
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English (en)
Inventor
James M Berry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Teletype Corp
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Teletype Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of US3579245A publication Critical patent/US3579245A/en
Assigned to AT&T TELETYPE CORPORATION A CORP OF DE reassignment AT&T TELETYPE CORPORATION A CORP OF DE CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE AUG., 17, 1984 Assignors: TELETYPE CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/02—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet
    • B41J2/035—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet by electric or magnetic field

Definitions

  • An electrostatic printer has a nozzle from which 9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs the nk 15 issued with an accelerating electrode and an intermediate electrode placed between the nozzle and the platen or U.S. 1, target A oltage potential difference established 346/75, 239/3 between the nozzle and the target with an intermediate poten- III.
  • the droplets formed from the stream of ink issued from the nozzle are not of uniform size and spacing so that control of individual droplets by means of deflection electrodes is very difficult. This is not a disadvantage for many applications, but in some applications it is desirable to effect precise control of each droplet formed. In order to accomplish such control, it is necessary that the droplets be of uniform size and spaced uniform distances apart.
  • fluid is accelerated from a nozzle to a target by means of electrostatic attraction.
  • the fluid is electrostatically charged and may be withdrawn from the nozzle in a manner similar to that described in the abovementioned Winston patent or it may be forced from the nozzle under pressure.
  • a pair of electrodes are placed between the nonle and the target, and substantially the same DC potential is applied to both of these electrodes which are spaced a short distance apart. After the ink stream passes through the accelerating electrode, it breaks up into droplets in the region between the two electrodes; and since the two electrodes are at substantially the same potential, no electrostatic field or only a weak electrostatic field appears therebetween.
  • the stream assumes a cylindrical configuration so that the breakup of the stream into droplets results in uniformly sized and uniformly spaced droplets.
  • FIG. I is a diagrammatical view illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged, partially cutaway, side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 illustrating the manner in which the droplet formation takes place.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrates the use of the invention in an electrostatic printer of the general type disclosed in the Winston patent wherein the conductive fluid (ink) is supplied at a constant flow rate from a reservoir (not shown) to a nozzle 10 which terminates in a capillary tube 11.
  • the nozzle 10 and the tube 11 preferably are made of one piece of electrically conductive material, and ink issuing from the tube 11 is accelerated toward a target or platen 12 by electrostatic attraction created by applying a high potential difference between the noule l0 and the platen 12.
  • a pair of electrodes, an accelerating electrode 13 and an intermediate electrode 14, are provided.
  • the accelerating electrode 13 is comparable to the single valving electrode used in the aforementioned Winston patent and is maintained at a positive DC potential relative to the potential on the nozzle 10 by means of a DC power supply such as the battery 15.
  • This DC potential is of sufficient magnitude to create a strong accelerating field between the nozzle and the accelerating electrode 13, so that ink issuing from the nozzle is drawn into a fine, rapidly moving stream whenever this potential difference between the nozzle 10 and the electrode 13 exists.
  • the use of a strong accelerating field permits the utilization of a tube 11 having a relatively large inside diameter since the inside diameter of the tube does not alone determine the diameter of the stream of ink which is formed into droplets.
  • the large diameter, relatively slow-moving stream of ink issues from the end of the tube 11, it is subjected to a strong field which causes it to accelerate, and, consequently, to be drawn out into a tapered, rapidly moving stream.
  • the ink stream reaches the hole in the accelerating electrode 13, it is of considerably smaller diameter than the inside diameter of the tube 11.
  • clogging of the tube 11 is much less a the electrode 13.
  • the electrode 14 is maintained at substantially the same DC potential as the electrode 13, being illustrated in FIGS.
  • the ink droplets After the ink droplets pass through the hole in the intermediate electrode 14, they then are deflected in the vertical and horizontal directions under control of deflection potentials applied to a pair of vertical deflection plates 17 and a pair of horizontal deflection plates 18. These sets of deflection plates both have applied to them components of DC potentials which are more positive than the potential on the electrode 14, so that ink droplets, after passing through the hole in the electrode 14, are further accelerated.
  • the deflection signals are superimposed on this component of DC potential applied to the deflection electrodes in order to direct the ink particles to selected areas on the platen 12.
  • the platen 12 in turn is maintained at a potential which is more positive than the DC potential applied to the horizontal deflection electrodes 18 and which is obtained from a suitable source such as a battery 19.
  • a pulsation or oscillation into the ink stream issuing from the nozzle 11. This may be accomplished by mechanically vibrating the nozzle or by superimposing a periodically varying signal, such as an AC sinusoidal signal, on the field between the nozzle and the first valving electrode 13.
  • a periodically varying signal such as an AC sinusoidal signal
  • an AC generator 20 is connected in series with the battery between the nozzle 10 and the accelerating electrode 13 to cause the field betweenthem to fluctuate sinusoidally, resulting in the formation of periodic disturbances in the ink stream being withdrawn from the nozzle.
  • the voltage of the AC generator is chosen to be such that the field between the nozzle 10 and the electrode 13 fluctuates sinusoidally without ever swinging negative; that is, the peak-to-peak value of the signal generated by the generator 20 does not exceed twice the potential of the battery 15.
  • the frequencies used have ranged from L4 kHz. to kHz. but this range is not to be construed as limiting.
  • the periodic disturbances created in the stream of ink flowing from the nozzle 10 cause the formation of droplets in synchronization with the disturbances, and the stream breaks up into droplets in the region of weak field between the electrodes 13 and 14.
  • This region of weak field in the area of droplet formation appears to be necessary due to the fact that when the stream of ink is subjected to an accelerating field, it is tapered in form rather than cylindrical.
  • a segment of a tapered stream of ink breaks off from the stream, it has been observed that the entire segment does not always form into a single droplet, but that a large droplet and one or more smaller droplets may form. from the segment or that two or more droplets of equal size may form. At other times a single droplet forms as desired.
  • the intermediate electrode 14, held at substantially the same potential as the electrode 13, causes a weak field region to exist in which the stream assumes a cylindrical configuration.
  • the stream no longer is subjected to accelerating forces in this region, and the disturbances introduced into the stream cause' it to breakup into uniform cylindrical segments.
  • Each of these segments then forms into a single droplet, so that all of the droplets formed are of uniform size.
  • the droplets are completely formed prior to passing through the hole in the electrode 14, whereupon they are further accelerated by the potential appearing on the vertical deflection electrodes 17, as described previously.
  • the actual voltages which must be applied to the nozzle and the various electrodes depend on many factors, in particular on the ink flow rate, the droplet frequency, the dimensions and spacing of the various electrodes, and the physical and electrical characteristics of the ink. The same relative conditions must exist, however, in all cases, namely, sufficient potential must exist between the noule l0 and the accelerating electrode 13 to fonn the ink issuing from the nozzle into a jet and a region of weak field must exist between the electrodes 13 and 14, whereupon further acceleration of the completely fonned droplets then may take place between the electrode 14 and the platen or target 12 which is at a substantially higher DC potential than the electrode 14.
  • the nozzle is at a relatively negative DC potential compared to the potentials applied to the other electrodes, it should be apparent that the reverse could also be true, with the nozzle 10 being at a positive potential relative to the other electrodes. All that is necessary is that the ink be charged to a potential which is opposite to the potential applied to the target or platen,'and that the relative voltages be of sufficient magnitude to withdraw and accelerate the ink to the platen.
  • anAC potential is applied to the nozzle 10 in order to cause a cyclically varying field to occur between the nozzle 10 and the first valving electrode 13.
  • a similar result can be attained by using a piezoelectric crystal or the like to vibrate the nozzle 10 and the capillary tube 11 at the desired frequency. If this type of configuration is employed, the nozzle synchronous ink droplet formation otherwise is identical to that described above in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a method of forming a series of droplets of liquid of substantially uniform size and spacing including the steps of:
  • a method according to claim 1 including the additional step of creating periodic disturbances in the stream of liquid further to induce the droplets formed to be of uniform size.
  • a method according to claim 1 including the additional step of accelerating the stream of liquid before it enters the region between the electrodes.
  • a method of controlled droplet formation of a liquid stream including the steps of:
  • controlling at least one characteristic of the stream of liquid to cause the stream of liquid to break into droplets substantially in said second region.
  • a method of fonning droplets of uniform size from a liquid including the steps of:
  • a method according to claim 5 including the additional step of imparting an electrostatic charge to the stream of liquid and wherein the accelerating force is an electrostatic field.
  • a method of forming droplets from a stream of liquid including the steps of:

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
US688947A 1967-12-07 1967-12-07 Method of transferring liquid Expired - Lifetime US3579245A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68894767A 1967-12-07 1967-12-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3579245A true US3579245A (en) 1971-05-18

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US688947A Expired - Lifetime US3579245A (en) 1967-12-07 1967-12-07 Method of transferring liquid

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US (1) US3579245A (de)
BE (1) BE725070A (de)
CH (1) CH482549A (de)
DE (1) DE1813186A1 (de)
DK (1) DK121475B (de)
FR (1) FR1594190A (de)
GB (1) GB1247924A (de)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3680779A (en) * 1970-10-05 1972-08-01 Oxy Dry Sprayer Corp Method and apparatus for electrostatic spraying
US3689936A (en) * 1970-08-20 1972-09-05 Teletype Corp Lateral oscillation to form ink droplets
US3972052A (en) * 1972-10-24 1976-07-27 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Compensation apparatus for high speed dot printer
EP0013504A1 (de) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-23 Xerox Corporation Elektrohydrodynamischer Erreger
US4223318A (en) * 1977-12-09 1980-09-16 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for compensating for instability of a stream of droplets
US4275401A (en) * 1979-11-16 1981-06-23 The Mead Corporation Method and apparatus for sorting and deflecting drops in an ink jet drop recorder
US4319251A (en) * 1980-08-15 1982-03-09 A. B. Dick Company Ink jet printing employing reverse charge coupling
US4346387A (en) * 1979-12-07 1982-08-24 Hertz Carl H Method and apparatus for controlling the electric charge on droplets and ink-jet recorder incorporating the same
US4348682A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-09-07 Xerox Corporation Linear ink jet deflection method and apparatus
US4364057A (en) * 1979-05-11 1982-12-14 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Electrostatic ink-jet printer
US5086973A (en) * 1990-04-11 1992-02-11 Terronics Development Corp. Nozzle modulators
US5115971A (en) * 1988-09-23 1992-05-26 Battelle Memorial Institute Nebulizer device
US5261423A (en) * 1988-09-20 1993-11-16 Philip Morris Incorporated Droplet jet application of adhesive or flavoring solutions to cigarette ends
US5332154A (en) * 1992-02-28 1994-07-26 Lundy And Associates Shoot-up electrostatic nozzle and method
US5490428A (en) * 1992-08-31 1996-02-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Metering of liquid substances
US5630432A (en) * 1988-09-20 1997-05-20 Gaudlitz; Robert T. Droplet jet application of adhesive to cigarette ends
US6302331B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2001-10-16 Battelle Pulmonary Therapeutics, Inc. Directionally controlled EHD aerosol sprayer
EP1221373A2 (de) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-10 Eastman Kodak Company Mechanismus und Verfahren zum Vergrössern des Ablenkungswinkels von Tintentropfen
US20040022939A1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2004-02-05 Kyekyoon Kim Microparticles
US20050123614A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-09 Kyekyoon Kim Microparticles
US20060162854A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2006-07-27 Emitech Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh Process and apparatus for producing a honeycomb body
US20090310434A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2009-12-17 Uwe Kampmeyer Method, Apparatus and System For High-Precision Metering and/or Mixing of Liquids
US20090314861A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-24 Jaan Noolandi Fluid ejection using multiple voltage pulses and removable modules
US7748343B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2010-07-06 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Electrohydrodynamic spraying system
US20130313942A1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2013-11-28 Accio Energy, Inc. Electro-hydrodynamic system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4404573A (en) * 1981-12-28 1983-09-13 Burroughs Corporation Electrostatic ink jet system
DE19847421A1 (de) * 1998-10-14 2000-04-20 Easy Lab Gmbh Pipettier- oder Dosierverfahren und -vorrichtung
CN114733474B (zh) * 2022-04-13 2023-05-16 清华大学 一种电喷射辅助雾化火焰合成功能纳米颗粒的装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2512743A (en) * 1946-04-01 1950-06-27 Rca Corp Jet sprayer actuated by supersonic waves
US2600129A (en) * 1948-07-17 1952-06-10 Charles H Richards Apparatus for producing a stream of electrically charged multimolecular particles
US3060429A (en) * 1958-05-16 1962-10-23 Certificate of correction
GB1042307A (en) * 1963-07-31 1966-09-14 Richard Gordon Sweet Improvements in or relating to recorders
US3278940A (en) * 1962-10-08 1966-10-11 Paillard Sa Electrostatic emitter for writing with ink jet
US3281860A (en) * 1964-11-09 1966-10-25 Dick Co Ab Ink jet nozzle
US3281859A (en) * 1964-08-20 1966-10-25 Dick Co Ab Apparatus for forming drops
US3298030A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-01-10 Clevite Corp Electrically operated character printer

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2512743A (en) * 1946-04-01 1950-06-27 Rca Corp Jet sprayer actuated by supersonic waves
US2600129A (en) * 1948-07-17 1952-06-10 Charles H Richards Apparatus for producing a stream of electrically charged multimolecular particles
US3060429A (en) * 1958-05-16 1962-10-23 Certificate of correction
US3278940A (en) * 1962-10-08 1966-10-11 Paillard Sa Electrostatic emitter for writing with ink jet
GB1042307A (en) * 1963-07-31 1966-09-14 Richard Gordon Sweet Improvements in or relating to recorders
US3281859A (en) * 1964-08-20 1966-10-25 Dick Co Ab Apparatus for forming drops
US3281860A (en) * 1964-11-09 1966-10-25 Dick Co Ab Ink jet nozzle
US3298030A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-01-10 Clevite Corp Electrically operated character printer

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3689936A (en) * 1970-08-20 1972-09-05 Teletype Corp Lateral oscillation to form ink droplets
US3680779A (en) * 1970-10-05 1972-08-01 Oxy Dry Sprayer Corp Method and apparatus for electrostatic spraying
US3972052A (en) * 1972-10-24 1976-07-27 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Compensation apparatus for high speed dot printer
US4223318A (en) * 1977-12-09 1980-09-16 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for compensating for instability of a stream of droplets
EP0013504A1 (de) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-23 Xerox Corporation Elektrohydrodynamischer Erreger
US4364057A (en) * 1979-05-11 1982-12-14 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Electrostatic ink-jet printer
US4275401A (en) * 1979-11-16 1981-06-23 The Mead Corporation Method and apparatus for sorting and deflecting drops in an ink jet drop recorder
US4346387A (en) * 1979-12-07 1982-08-24 Hertz Carl H Method and apparatus for controlling the electric charge on droplets and ink-jet recorder incorporating the same
US4319251A (en) * 1980-08-15 1982-03-09 A. B. Dick Company Ink jet printing employing reverse charge coupling
US4348682A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-09-07 Xerox Corporation Linear ink jet deflection method and apparatus
US5261423A (en) * 1988-09-20 1993-11-16 Philip Morris Incorporated Droplet jet application of adhesive or flavoring solutions to cigarette ends
US5630432A (en) * 1988-09-20 1997-05-20 Gaudlitz; Robert T. Droplet jet application of adhesive to cigarette ends
US5115971A (en) * 1988-09-23 1992-05-26 Battelle Memorial Institute Nebulizer device
US5086973A (en) * 1990-04-11 1992-02-11 Terronics Development Corp. Nozzle modulators
US5332154A (en) * 1992-02-28 1994-07-26 Lundy And Associates Shoot-up electrostatic nozzle and method
US5490428A (en) * 1992-08-31 1996-02-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Metering of liquid substances
US6302331B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2001-10-16 Battelle Pulmonary Therapeutics, Inc. Directionally controlled EHD aerosol sprayer
US7368130B2 (en) * 2000-08-15 2008-05-06 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Microparticles
US20040022939A1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2004-02-05 Kyekyoon Kim Microparticles
US20080175915A1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2008-07-24 Kyekyoon Kim Microparticles
EP1221373A3 (de) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-31 Eastman Kodak Company Mechanismus und Verfahren zum Vergrössern des Ablenkungswinkels von Tintentropfen
US6508542B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2003-01-21 Eastman Kodak Company Ink drop deflection amplifier mechanism and method of increasing ink drop divergence
EP1221373A2 (de) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-10 Eastman Kodak Company Mechanismus und Verfahren zum Vergrössern des Ablenkungswinkels von Tintentropfen
US20060162854A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2006-07-27 Emitech Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh Process and apparatus for producing a honeycomb body
US20050123614A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-09 Kyekyoon Kim Microparticles
US7309500B2 (en) * 2003-12-04 2007-12-18 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Microparticles
US20080181964A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2008-07-31 Kyekyoon Kim Microparticles
US8409621B2 (en) 2003-12-04 2013-04-02 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Microparticles
US20090310434A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2009-12-17 Uwe Kampmeyer Method, Apparatus and System For High-Precision Metering and/or Mixing of Liquids
US7748343B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2010-07-06 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Electrohydrodynamic spraying system
US20130313942A1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2013-11-28 Accio Energy, Inc. Electro-hydrodynamic system
US9698706B2 (en) * 2008-01-22 2017-07-04 Accio Energy, Inc. Electro-hydrodynamic system
US20090314861A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-24 Jaan Noolandi Fluid ejection using multiple voltage pulses and removable modules

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1813186A1 (de) 1969-06-19
DK121475B (da) 1971-10-18
BE725070A (de) 1969-05-16
FR1594190A (de) 1970-06-01
CH482549A (de) 1969-12-15
GB1247924A (en) 1971-09-29

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Owner name: AT&T TELETYPE CORPORATION A CORP OF DE

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:TELETYPE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004372/0404

Effective date: 19840817