Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/60—Waxes
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

• a paper sizing composition comprising a mixture of an aqueous cationic Wax emulsion and an anionic rosin size.
• This invention relates to paper sizing compositions and, in one of its aspects, relates to paper sizing compositions in the form of wax emulsions. More particularly, in this aspect, the invention relates to paper sizing compositions in the form of aqueous wax emulsions and a sizing agent. Still more particularly, in this aspect, the invention relates to paper sizing compositions in the form of aqueous wax emulsions and sizing agents specially adapted for use in improving high strength properties in the manufacture of so-called fine papers, such as book paper, writing and typing grade papers and other papers in which a marked degree of permanence is required.
• Wax emulsions, or wax emulsions in conjunction with rosin size have heretofore been employed in the beater sizing of papers.
• alum has been incorporated in such compositions as a precipitating agent.
• the pH range is so low (usually from about pH 4.5 to about pH 5.5) that papers of poor aging quality, and particularly poor strength properties, are produced.
• improved paper sizing compositions comprising a mixture of an aqueous cationic wax emulsion and an anionic rosin size, and which do not require the presence of a precipitating agent, such as alum, for depositing the Wax and the rosin on the paper fibers.
• the sizing compositions of the present invention comprising a cationic wax emulsion, employ the anionic rosin for precipitating the wax while maintaining a neutral system and still obtaining a good sizing, and which do not require the additional use of alum as a precipitating agent.
• the use of these novel sizing compositions is based on the advantage taken of the finding that there is a tendency for anionic and cationic systems to mutually precipitate each other.
• Both the cationic wax emulsion and the anionic rosin are sizing agents by themselves, and a synergistic effect is found to be obtained when they are employed in combination.
• the cationic Wax emulsions employed in the paper sizing compositions of the present invention, may comprise a Wide variety of waxy materials including, for example, petroleum wax, vegetable Wax, mineral wax and other forms of Waxy materials which can be employed in the form of cationic wax emulsions.
• the rosin size may comprise any anionic rosin which has been saponified to some degree (either partially or completely) to form a water-soluble soap material, e.g. a water-soluble soap obtained by saponification of abietic acid with an alkali.
• a fortified rosin size may comprise the product obtained when rosin (unfortified) is reacted with maleic anhydride.
• the rosin component in any desired amount in combination with the aqueous cationic emulsion, depending upon the nature of the manufactured paper desired.
• the rosin size is employed, for most practical purposes, in an amount from about 5 to about 50 percent, and preferably in an amount from about 10 to about 35 percent, by Weight, of the total Weight of the paper sizing composition.
• the cationic wax emulsions suitable for use in forming the paper sizing compositions of the present invention in general comprise a dispersed phase containing the waxy material and a suitable cationic emulsifying agent. It so desired, an emulsion modifier may also be incorporated in the cationic wax emulsion.
• the cationic wax emulsion employed for forming the paper sizing compositions of the present invention may comprise (a) a dispersed phase comprising a petroleum wax; (b) an emulsifying agent comprising an amine salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of organic acids having from about 1 to about 18, and preferably from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and inorganic mineral acids, with an amine having from about 10 to about 40, and preferably from about 20 to about 40 carbon atoms; and, if so desired, (c) an emulsion modifier comprising an amine having up to 12 carbon atoms and having a molecular weight lower than that of the amine reactant employed for producing the aforementioned emulsifying agent.
• the above-described exemplary cationic wax emulsion may be prepared, by reacting an aqueous mixture of the aforementioned amine, having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, with the aforementioned organic acid or inorganic acid to produce the emulsifying agent, which comprises an aqueous solution of the corresponding amine salt; combining the aqueous solution of the amine salt thus produced with the aforementioned emulsion modifier (if its presence is desired) which, as previously described, comprises an amine having up to 12 carbon atoms and a molecular weight which is lower than that of the amine reactant employed for producing the aforementioned emulsifying agent; and dispersing the petroleum wax component in the thus-combined mixture; or by adding the emulsifying agent to the wax component and thereafter combining this mixture with the emulsion modifier.
• the petroleum wax component can be employed in an amount from about 10 to about 70 percent and preferably from about 40 to about 70 percent, by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
• the emulsifying agent can be employed in an amount from about 0.5 to about 10, and preferably from about 1 to about 8 percent, by weight, based on the quantity of the petroleum wax component present.
• the emulsion modifier when so employed, is present in an amount from about 0.05 to about 3, and preferably from about 0.1 to about 2 percent, by weight based on the total quantity of the petroleum wax and emulsifying agent components present.
• the waxy material selected comprises a petroleum wax
• a petroleum wax such was may be present in various forms including a parafiin wax, scale wax or slack wax, as obtained from petroleum distillation processes, or microcrystalline wax, such as obtained from petroleum residual; also, petroleum waxes modified with various polymers, e.g. polyethylene, or copolymers, e.g. ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers and similar polymeric materials.
• the amine reactant in the aforementioned cationic wax emulsions, can contain from about 10 to about 40, and preferably from about 20 to about 40 carbon atoms.
• mono-amines having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, and di-amines having from about 20 to about 40 carbon atoms have been found to be most desirable.
• amine reactants that may be employed in producing the emulsifying agents of the novel wax emulsions, include propylene diamines, such as N-arachidyl-behenyl 1,3 propylene diamine, N-dodecyl amine, N-hexadecylamine, N-octadec ylamine, N-eicosylamine, N-dodecyl 1,3 propylene diamine, N-hexadecyl 1,3 propylene diamine, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides and dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides having alkyl carbon chain lengths of 10 to 40 carbon atoms.
• propylene diamines such as N-arachidyl-behenyl 1,3 propylene diamine, N-dodecyl amine, N-hexadecylamine, N-octadec ylamine, N-eicosylamine, N-dodecyl 1,3
• the organic acid employed for reaction with the aforementioned amine reactant may comprise any organic acid having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms.
• Representative examples of these acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid.
• Representative inorganic mineral acids employed for reaction with the amine reactant include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and similar inorganic acids. It should be noted that the organic or inorganic mineral acid is employed in an amount sufficient only to react with all of the amine employed for preparing the emulsifying agent.
• the emulsion modifier of this wax emulsion comprises an amine having up to 12 carbon atoms, but a molecular weight which is lower than that of the amine reactant employed for producing the abovedescribed emulsifying agent.
• these modifiers may comprise any low-molecular weight amine having up to 12 carbon atoms, and can thus comprise aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and primary, secondary or teitiary amines.
• Representative amines employed as the emulsion modifier include dicyclohexylamine, n-heptyl B-amine, n-octyl amine, n-dodecylamine, n-dodecyl 1,3-propylene diamine, aniline, and N-dodecyl 1,3 propylene B-diamine.
• the wax emulsions employed in accordance with the present invention are cationic in character. In essence, these emulsions contain an ion with a positive charge present after the amine has reacted with the acid to produce the emulsifying agent.
• the water absorption test is carried out by the Cobb test procedure, TAPPI Method T441.
• the dry, conditioned sheet is weighed to the nearest .01 gram, and placed in the specimen holder. Water is added to one side of the sheet to a depth of 1 cm. After a contact time of 1 minute the excess water is quickly removed, and the sheet is reweighed. The amount of water absorbed is multiplied by a factor (depending on specimen area), so that the results are expressed in grams per square meter of paper surface.
• the cationic and anionic wax emulsions employed for comparative tests in accordance with the examples and corresponding data disclosed, have the following composition:
• Emulsion A anionic
• the rosin size employed in the following examples, comprises the product obtained in which unfortified rosin is reacted with maleic anhydride.
• Water absorption Sizing composition (based on (grams/111.
• Rosin Cationic wax emulsion (emulsion B) X Sheet completely penetrated because of absence of alum. 2 Sheet completely penetrated because of inverse ratio of rosin and 7 wax emulsion.
• the sizing composition comprises a rosinanionic wax emulsion
• the degree of water absorption is so great that the sheet becomes completely penetrated.
• alum is also present as a component of the sizing composition (as employed by the prior art and as shown in Examples 4 and 5)
• the degree of water absorption is reduced to a satisfactory level, rendering the sizing composition satisfactory for many applications.
• Example 6 On a comparative basis, it will be noted from Example 6 that where alum is eliminated from the sizing composition and cationic wax emulsion is substituted for anionic wax emulsion (thus providing a neutral system), a satisfactory level of water absorption is obtained; similarly, as shown by Example 7, where the rosin is employed in accordance with the aforementioned maximum of 50% by weight, a still satisfactory sizing composition is obtained and is useful for many applications.
• Example 8 where the ratio of rosin and cationic wax emulsion is inverted (i.e. more than 50% by weight of rosin is employed) the sheet becomes completely penetrated and thus is unsatisfactory for practical applications,
• a paper sizing composition comprising a mixture of an aqueous cationic wax emulsion and not more than about 50 percent, by weight, of an anionic rosin size which has been saponified to form a water-soluble soap, wherein said aqueous cationic wax emulsion comprises (a) a dispersed phase comprising a petroleum wax; and (b) emulsifying agent comprising a salt of an acid, selected from the group consisting of organic acids having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms and inorganic mineral acids, reacted with an amine having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms (c) an emulsion modifier comprising an amine having up to 12 carbon atoms and a molecular weight lower than that of the amine reactant employed for producing the aforementioned emulsion agent.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said rosin size comprises a water-soluble rosin soap obtained by saponification of abietic acid with an alkali.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said rosin size is present in an amount from about 5 to about 50 percent, by weight.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said rosin size is present in an amount from about 10 to about 35 percent, by weight.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the acid for producing the emulsifying agent is employed in an amount sufiicient only to react with all of said first-mentioned amine
• composition of claim 1 wherein said petroleum wax comprises a parafiin Wax.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said petroleum wax comprises a microcrystalline wax.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said organic acid reactant employed for producing the emulsifying agent contains from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said organic acid employed for producing the emulsifying agent is acetic acid.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said inorganic acid employed for producing the emulsifying agent is hydrochloric acid.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said amine reactant employed for producing the emulsifying agent contains from about 20 to about 40 carbon atoms.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said amine reactant employed for producing the emulsifying agent is propylene diamine.
• composition of claim 13 wherein said amin reactant employed for producing the emulsifying agent is N-arachidyl-behenyl 1,3 propylene diamine.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said amine employed as the emulsion modifier is dicyclohexylamine.
• composition of claim 15 wherein said aqueous cationic wax emulsion comprises petroleum wax in an amount from about 10 to about percent, by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion; from about 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight of the emulsifying agent based on the quantity of the petroleum wax component present; and from about 0.05 to about 3 perccent by weight of the emulsion modifier based on the total quantity of the petroleum wax and emulsifying agent components present.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said aqueous cationic wax emulsion comprises petroleum wax in an amount from about 40 to about 70 percent, by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion; from about 1 to about 8 percent by weight of the emulsifying agent based on the quantity of the petroleum wax component present; and from about 0.1 to about 2 percent by weight of the emulsion modifier based on the total quantity of the petroleum wax and emulsifying agent components present.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (2)

• 1969
  • 1969-07-17 US US842724A patent/US3578477A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1970
  • 1970-06-23 GB GB1252878D patent/GB1252878A/en not_active Expired
  • 1970-07-14 DE DE19702034886 patent/DE2034886A1/de active Pending
  • 1970-07-16 SE SE09857/70A patent/SE361809B/xx unknown
  • 1970-07-16 JP JP45061831A patent/JPS4929883B1/ja active Pending
  • 1970-07-17 FR FR7026489A patent/FR2055298A5/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-07-17 AT AT656370A patent/AT309201B/de not_active IP Right Cessation

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