AU6010198A - Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material - Google Patents
Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic materialInfo
- Publication number
- AU6010198A AU6010198A AU60101/98A AU6010198A AU6010198A AU 6010198 A AU6010198 A AU 6010198A AU 60101/98 A AU60101/98 A AU 60101/98A AU 6010198 A AU6010198 A AU 6010198A AU 6010198 A AU6010198 A AU 6010198A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- anionic
- cationic
- dispersant
- hydrophobic material
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- -1 cationic organic compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diketene Chemical group C=C1CC(=O)O1 WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 9
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000002561 ketenes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- CKDWPUIZGOQOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamyl chloride Chemical class NC(Cl)=O CKDWPUIZGOQOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940077746 antacid containing aluminium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001793 charged compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical class CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPFVWKXABQQNEM-BMRADRMJSA-N 3-[(e)-16-methylheptadec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O GPFVWKXABQQNEM-BMRADRMJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004117 Lignosulphonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000251323 Matthiola oxyceras Species 0.000 description 1
- CBSOFSBFHDQRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylbenzylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH2+]CC1=CC=CC=C1 CBSOFSBFHDQRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001040 ammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004670 didecyldimethylammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZCPCLAPUXMZUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihexadecyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZCPCLAPUXMZUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenone Chemical compound C=C=O CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium group Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H3/00—Paper or cardboard prepared by adding substances to the pulp or to the formed web on the paper-making machine and by applying substances to finished paper or cardboard (on the paper-making machine), also when the intention is to impregnate at least a part of the paper body
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/14—Carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/15—Polycarboxylic acids, e.g. maleic acid
- D21H17/16—Addition products thereof with hydrocarbons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/17—Ketenes, e.g. ketene dimers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/23—Lignins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
- D21H17/29—Starch cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/42—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups anionic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/22—Agents rendering paper porous, absorbent or bulky
- D21H21/24—Surfactants
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing a dispersant and a disperse phase containing a hydrophobic material, the dispersant comprising an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000. The invention further relates to the preparation and use of the dispersion in the production of paper. The invention also relates to a substantially water-free composition containing a hydrophobic material, an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000, as well as its use in the preparation of an aqueous dispersion.
Description
Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material The present invention relates to aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material - and more specifically to dispersions having a dispersant system containing two oppositely charged compounds, their preparation and use. Background
Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material are well-known and used in numerous applications. For instance, in papermaking, aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material are used as sizing agents in order to give paper and paper board some degree of resistance to wetting and penetration by aqueous liquids. Examples of'hydrophobic materials widely used for sizing include cellulose-reactive sizing agents, e.g. alkyi ketene dimers and substituted succinic anhydrides, and non-celluiose-reactive sizing agents, e.g. rosin-based and resin-based sizing agents.
Dispersions of hydrophobic material generally contain an aqueous phase and finely divided particles or droplets of the hydrophobic material dispersed therein. The dispersions are usually prepared by homogenizing the hydrophobic, water insoluble material in an aqueous phase in the presence of a dispersant using high shear forces and fairly high temperatures. Dispersants conventionally used include anionic, amphoteric and cationic high molecular weight polymers, e.g. lignosulfonates, starches, pclyamines, polyamideamines, and vinyl addition polymers. The polymers can be used singly, together or in combination with other compounds to form a dispersant system. Depending on the overall charge of the components of the dispersant system, the size dispersions will be anionic or cationic in nature.
Dispersions of hydrophobic material usually exhibit rather poor stability and high viscosity, even at relatively low solids contents, which evidently lead to difficulties in handling the dispersions, for example on storage and in use. A further drawback is that the products have to be supplied as low concentration dispersions which further increases the costs of transportation of the active hydrophobic material.
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material with improved stability and viscosity properties. It is another object of this invention to provide improved aqueous dispersions of sizing agent, notably cellulose- reactive sizing agents. Further objects will appear hereinafter.
The Invention
In accordance with the present invention it has been found that improved stability and viscosity properties can be obtained with aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material in which the hydrophobic material is dispersed in the aqueous phase by means of a dispersant comprising two oppositely charged compounds having relatively low molecular
weights. More specifically, the invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing a disperse phase comprising a hydrophobic material and a dispersant comprising an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from organic compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000. The invention thus relates to an aqueous dispersion, its preparation and use, as further defined in the claims.
The present invention makes it possible to provide dispersions of hydrophobic material with improved storage stability, higher solids content and/or lower viscosity. In addition, when using the dispersions in applications involving very high dilution of the initially high concentration dispersion, it has been found that the disperse phase is more stable, i.e. the dispersions exhibit improved dilute stability. Examples of applications with extremely high dilution include papermaking wet-end conditions and stock or internal sizing which involves addition of a dispersion of hydrophobic material to an aqueous suspension containing cellutosic fibres and optional filler. In this context, improved dilute stability means less aggregation of the particles or droplets of hydrophobic sizing agent, thereby forming lower levels of bigger aggregates with lower sizing efficiency, as well as less deposition of the hydrophobic sizing agent on the paper machine and less wire contamination, thereby reducing the need for maintenance of the paper machine. Further benefits observed with the present dispersions include improved stability in the presence of disturbing substances, e.g. anionic trash derived from impure puips and/or recycled fibres, and less accumulation of the hydrophobic material in white water recirculating in the papermaking process. Accordingly, dispersions of this invention are particularly useful in processes where white water is extensively recirculated and where the cellulosic suspension contains a substantial amount of trash. Furthermore, the dispersions of this invention also makes it possible to obtain improved sizing over conventional size dispersions at a corresponding dosage of sizing agent and to use a lower dosage of sizing agent to attain a corresponding level of sizing. The possibility of using lower amounts of sizing agent to attain in-specification sizing further reduces the risk of accumulation of non-adsorbed hydrophobic sizing agents in the white water recirculating in the process, thereby further reducing the risk of aggregation and deposition of the hydrophobic material on the paper machine. The present invention thus offers substantial economic and technical benefits.
The hydrophobic material present in the dispersion preferably is substantially insoluble in water. Examples of suitable hydrophobic materials include compounds useful as sizing agents in papermaking which can be derived from both natural and synthetic sources, e.g. cellulose-reactive hydrophobes and non-cellulose-reactive hydrophobes. In a preferred
embodiment, the hydrophobic material has a melting point below about 100°C and notably below about 75°C.
In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the hydrophobic material is a cellulose-reactive sizing agents which can be selected from any of the cellulose-reactive sizing agents known in the art. Suitably the sizing agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic ketene dimers, ketene multimers, acid anhydrides, organic isocyanates, carbamoyl chlorides and mixtures thereof, preferably ketene dimers and acid anhydrides, most preferably ketene dimers. Suitable ketene dimers have the general formula (I) below, wherein R1 and R2 represent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, usually saturated hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbon groups suitably having from 8 to 36 carbon atoms, usually being straight or branched chain alkyi groups having 12 to 20 carbon atoms, such as hexadecyl and octadecyl groups. Suitable acid anhydrides can be characterized by the general formula (II) below, wherein R3 and R4 can be identical or different and represent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups suitably containing from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, or R3 and R4 together with the -C-O-C- moiety can form a 5 to 6 membered ring, optionally being further substituted with hydrocarbon groups containing up to 30 carbon atoms. Examples of acid anhydrides which are used commercially include alkyi and alkenyl succinic anhydrides and particularly isooctadecenyl succinic anhydride.
(I) R1 — CH = C — CH — R2 (II) o o
I I
O — C = 0 R3 — C — O — C — R4
Suitable ketene dimers, acid anhydrides and organic isocyanates include the compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,686, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Examples of suitable carbamoyl chlorides include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,427 which is also incorporated herein by reference. In another preferred embodiment of this invention, the hydrophobic material is a non-cellulose-reactive hydrophobe which can be selected from any of the non-cellulose- reactive sizing agents known in the art. Suitably the non-cellulose-reactive sizing agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobes based on rosin, e.g. rosin, disproportionated rosin, hydrogenated rosin, polymerized rosin, formaldehyde-treated rosin, esterified rosin, fortified rosin and mixtures of such treatments and so treated rosins, fatty acids and derivatives thereof, e.g. fatty acid esters and amides like bis-stearamide, resin and derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrocarbon resins, resin acids, resin acid esters and amides, waxes, e.g. crude and refined paraffin waxes, synthetic waxes, naturally occuring waxes, etc.
Dispersions according to this invention contain a dispersant, or dispersant system, comprising at least one anionic compound and at least one cationic compound, both^ having a low molecular weight (hereinafter LMW). The LMW compounds are preferably bound together by the force of electrostatic attraction, thereby representing a coacervate dispersant. When used in combination, the LMW compounds are effective as a dispersant for the hydrophobic material, although the anionic and cationic compounds do not have to be, and ususally are not, effective as a dispersant when used singly. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the anionic and cationic compounds is a polyelectrolyte. The term "polyelectrolyte", as used herein, refers to a compound having two or more charged (anionic/cationic) groups and charged (anionic/cationic) compounds acting as a polyelectrolyte, e.g. through chemical non-ionic interaction or attraction.
The anionic compound of the dispersant contains one or more anionic groups of the same or different types and include anionic compounds having one anionic group and anionic compounds having two or more anionic groups, herein referred to as an anionic polyelectrolyte. Anionic polyelectrolytes may contain one or more cationic groups as long as it has an overall anionic charge. Examples of suitable anionic groups include sulfate groups and carboxylic, sulfonic, phosphoric and phosphonic acid groups which may be present as free acid or as water-soluble ammonium or alkali metal (generally sodium) salts, e.g. sodium carboxyiates and sulfonates. Anionic polyelectrolytes can have a degree of substitution varying over a wide range; the degree of anionic substitution (DSA) can be from 0.01 to 1.4, suitably from 0.1 to 1.2 and preferably from 0.2 to 1.0.
The anionic compound of the dispersant can be derived from synthetic and natural sources and preferably it is water-soluble or water-dispersable. In a preferred embodiment, the anionic compound is an organic compound, i.e. containing carbon atoms. Suitable anionic compounds include anionic surfactants like alkyi, aryl and alkylaryl sulfates and ethersulfates, alkyi, aryl and alkylaryl carboxyiates, alkyi, aryl and alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyi, aryl and alkylaryl phosphates and etherphosphates, and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, the alkyi groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the aryl groups having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and the alkylaryl groups having from 7 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Further examples of suitable anionic compounds include anionic polyelectrolytes such as anionic organic LMW polymers, optionally degraded, e.g. those derived from phosphated, sulphonated and carboxylated polysaccharides like starches, guar gums and celluloses, preferably cellulose derivatives and notably carboxymethyl celluloses, as well as condensation products, e.g. anionic polyurethanes and condensated naphthalene sulfonates, and further vinyl addition polymers formed from monomers with anionic groups,
e.g. acrylic acid, methacylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, sulfonated styrene and phosphates of hydroxyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, optionally copolymerized with non-ionic monomers including acrylamide, alkyi acrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile as well as derivatives of such monomers, vinyl esters, and the like. The anionic compound can also be selected from LMW inorganic compounds containing silicon atoms such as, for example, silicates and various forms of condensateded or polymerized silicic acid, e.g. oligomeric silicic acid, polysiiicic acids, polysilicates, poiyaluminiumsilicates, polysiiicate microgels, polyaluminiumsilicate microgels and silica-based material, e.g. in the form of silica sols, which have negative hydroxyl groups. The cationic compound of the dispersant contains one or more cationic groups of the same or different types and include cationic compounds having one cationic group and cationic compounds having two or more cationic groups, herein referred to as a cationic polyelectrolyte. Cationic polyelectrolytes may contain one or more anionic groups as long as it has an overall cationic charge. Examples of suitable cationic groups include sulfonium groups, phosphonium groups, acid addition salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines or amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups, for example where the nitrogen has been quaternized with methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate or benzyl chloride, preferably acid addition saits of amines/amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups. Cationic polyelectrolytes can have a degree of substitution varying over a wide range; the degree of cationic substitution (DSC) can be from 0.01 to 1.0, suitably from 0.1 to 0.8 and preferably from 0.2 to 0.6.
The cationic compound of the dispersant can be derived from synthetic and natural sources and preferably it is water-soluble or water-dispersable. The cationic compound preferbly is an organic compound. Examples of suitable cationic compounds include cationic surfactants, e.g. compounds of the type R4N X", wherein each R group is independently selected from (i) hydrogen; (ii) hydrocarbon groups, suitably aliphatic and preferably alkyi groups, having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; and (Hi) hydrocarbon groups, suitably aliphatic and preferably alkyi groups, having up to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, and being interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, e.g. oxygen or nitrogen, and/or groups containing a heteroatom, e.g. carbonyl and acyloxy groups; where at least one, suitably at least three and preferably all of said R groups contain carbon atoms; suitably at least one and preferably at least two of said R groups containing at least 7 carbon atoms, preferably at least 9 carbon atoms and most preferably at least 12 carbon atoms; and wherein X- is an anion, typically a halide like chloride, or an anionic group present in the anionic compound of the dispersant, e.g. where the surfactant is a protonated amine of the formula R3N wherein R and N are as
defined above. Examples of suitable surfactants include dioctyidimethylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, dicocodimethylammonium chloride, cocobenzyldimethyl- ammonium chloride, coco(fractionated)benzyldimethylammonium chloride, octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride, dioctadecyl dimethylammonium chloride, dihexadecyl dimethyl- ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow)dimethylammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow)benzylmethylammonium chloride, (hydrogenated tallow)benzyldimethylammonium chloride, dioleyldimethyiammonium chloride, and di(ethylene hexadecanecarboxylate)- dimethylammonium chloride. Particularly preferred cationic surfactants thus include those containing at least one hydrocarbon group with from 9 to 30 carbon atoms and notably quaternary ammonium compounds. Further suitable cationic surfactants include quaternary di- and polyammonium compounds containing at least one hydrocarbon group, suitably aliphatic and preferably alkyi, with from 9 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable surfactants of this type include N-octadecyl-N-dimethyl- N'-trimethyl-propyleπe-diammonium dichloride. Further examples of suitable cationic compounds include cationic polyelectrolytes such as cationic organic LMW polymers, optionally degraded, e.g. those derived from polysaccharides like starches and guar gums, cationic condensation products like polyurethanes, polyamideamines, e.g. polyamideamine- epichlorohydrins, polyamines, e.g. dimethylamine-epichlorohydrin copolymers, dimethyl- amine-ethylenendiamine-epichlorohydrin-copolymers, ammonia-ethylenen dichloride co- polymers, vinyl addition polymers formed from monomers with cationic groups, e.g. homo- polymers and copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates, methacrylates and acrylamides (e.g. dimethylaminoethyl acrylates and methacrylates) which usually are present as acid addition salts or quaternary ammonium salts, optionally copolymerized with non-ionic monomers including acrylamide, alkyi acrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile and derivatives of such monomers, vinyl esters, and the like.
Both the anionic LMW compound and the cationic LMW compound for use in this invention have a molecular weight (hereinafter MW) less than 50,000, suitably less than 30,000 and preferably less than 20,000. Further benefits can be seen where the MW of the anionic compound and/or the cationic compound of the dispersant is even lower, for example less than 15,000 and notably less than 10,000. Normally the anionic and cationic compounds have an MW above 200 and suitably above 500. Usually the anionic and cationic surfactants have a lower MW than the anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes; preferred surfactants have an MW from 200 to 800. When one of the compounds of the dispersant is a surfactant, another compound of the dispersant should preferably be a polyelectrolyte, which may have an MW as defined above.
Preferred dispersions of this invention contain a dispersant selected from the group consisting of a dispersant (i) comprising a cationic surfactant and an anionic polyelectrolyte where the dispersant has an overall anionic charge; a dispersant (ii) comprising a cationic polyelectrolyte and an anionic polyelectrolyte where the dispersant has an overall anionic charge; a dispersant (iii) comprising an anionic surfactant and a cationic polyelectrolyte where the dispersant has an overall cationic charge; and a dispersant (iv) comprising an anionic polyelectrolyte and a cationic polyelectrolyte where the dispersant has an overall cationic charge; the anionic and cationic surfactants, the anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes and their molecular weights being as defined above. The anionic and cationic compounds of the dispersant can be present in the dispersion in amounts varying within wide limits depending on, inter alia, the molecular weight of the compounds, the degree of ionic substitution of the compounds, i.e. the charge density, the desired overall charge of the dispersion and the hydrophobic material used. Both the anionic compound and the cationic compound can be present in an amount of up to 100% by weight, suitably from 0.1 to 20% by weight and preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the hydrophobic material.
It has been found that the dispersions according to the invention can be prepared in high solids contents and yet exhibit very good stability on storage and low viscosity. This invention provides dispersions of hydrophobic material with improved storage stability and/or high solids content. Partcularly preferred dispersions in this regard include dispersions of cellulose-reactive sizing agent, notably dispersions having a dispersant with an overall anionic charge. Dispersions of cellulose-reactive sizing agents according to the invention generally can have sizing agent contents of from about 0.1 to about 50% by weight, suitably above 20% by weight. Dispersions containing a ketene dimer sizing agent according to the invention may have ketene dimer contents within the range of from 5 to 50% by weight and preferably from about 10 to about 35% by weight. Dispersions, or emulsions, containing an acid anhydride sizing agent according to the invention may have acid anhydride contents within the range of from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight and usually from about 1 to about
20% by weight. Dispersions of non-cellulose-reactive sizing agents generally can have sizing agent contents of from 5 to 50% by weight and preferably from 10 to 35% by weight.
The dispersions according to the invention can be produced by mixing an aqueous phase with the dispersant system and the hydrophobic material, preferably at a temperature where the hydrophobic material is liquid, and homogenizing the mixture so obtained, suitably under pressure. The obtained aqueous emulsion, which contains droplets of the hydrophobe, normally having a size of from 0.1 to 3.5 μm in diameter, is then cooled. In addition to the above-mentioned components other materials can also be incorporated into
the size dispersions, such as, for example, additional dispersants and stabilizers, e.g. non- ionic dispersants, extenders, e.g. urea and urea derivatives, and preservative agents. It will be appreciated that the negative and positive charges of the compounds of the dispersant can be formed in situ, for example by contacting the compounds with one another and/or by mixing the compounds with an aqueous phase and/or by lowering pH of the aqueous phase. For instance, the loss of a hydrogen from an acid group will form an anionic charge, and a basic amine or an amino group can be rendered cationic by protonation or abstraction of a hydrogen. Accordingly, it is possible to start with uncharged compounds in preparing the dispersion. For example, an organic compound with basic amino groups or a basic amine of the formula R3N can be used, where the corresponding ammonium moiety R4N X" be formed in the preparation process, where R, N and X can be as defined above.
It has been found that the components of the present dispersions can be easily homogenized in the presence of an aqueous phase, in particular where the LMW compounds of the dispersant are used in combination with hydrophobic materials having a melting point below about 100°C and notably below about 75°C. Usually less energy and lower shear forces are required in this process compared to processes for preparing conventional dispersions and hereby simplified equipment can be employed. Therefore, a further method of preparing the dispersions comprises (i) mixing the hydrophobic material with the anionic and cationic compounds of the dispersant to obtain an intermediate composition, and (ii) homogenizing the intermediate composition in the presence of an aqueous phase, as described above. It is preferred that the components are homogeneously mixed in stage (i). The hydrophobe used in stage (i) may be solid although it is preferred that it is liquid in order to simplify homogeneous mixing. If desired, the intermediate composition can be removed after the mixing stage (i), and optionally be cooled for solidification, to form a substantially water-free intermediate composition containing the dispersant and the hydrophobic material which enables simplified shipping in an economically attractive manner. At the location of intended use, or elsewhere, the intermediate hydrophobe composition can be homogenized in the presence of water in conventional or simpified manner, optionally at elevated temperature so as to render the intermediate composition liquid. This method is especially attractive when preparing dispersions of ketene dimers and acid anhydrides, the latter of which usually being prepared in the paper mill in direct connection to its use as a sizing agent in the production of paper. The provision of a storage stable substantially water-free composition thus offers considerable economic and technical benefits. The present invention thus also relates to a substantially water-free concentrate composition comprising a hydrophobic material, an anionic LMW compound selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic LMW compound,
where the anionic and cationic compounds when used in combination are effective as a dispersant system for the hydrophobic material in an aqueous phase, its preparation and use, as further defined in the claims.
The components that are present in the concentrate composition according to the invention, i.e., the hydrophobic material and the anionic and cationic compounds, preferably are as defined above. The composition is substantially water-free and hereby is meant that a small amount of water can be present; the water content can be from 0 up to 10% by weight, suitably less than 5% by weight and preferably less than 2%. Most preferably it contains no water. The composition preferably contains the hydr phobic material in a predominant amount, based on weight, i.e. at least 50% by weight, and suitably the composition has a hydrophobe content within the range of from 80 to 99.9% by weight and preferably from 90 to 99.7% by weight. The anionic and cationic compounds can be present in the composition in amounts defined above with respect to the dispersions where the percentages are based on hydrophobic material. Accordingly, both the anionic compound and the cationic compound can be present in the composition in an amount of up to 100% by weight, suitably from 0.1 to 20% by weight and preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the hydrophobic material.
The dispersions of this invention can be used as sizing agents in conventional manner in the production of paper using any type of cellulosic fibres and it can be used both for surface sizing and internal or stock sizing. The term "paper", as used herein, is meant to include not only paper but all types of cellulose-based products in sheet and web form, including, for example, board and paperboard. The stock contains cellulosic fibres, optionally in combination with mineral fillers, and usually the content of cellulosic fibres is at least 50% by weight, based on dry stock. Examples of mineral fillers of conventional types include kaolin, china clay, titanium dioxide, gypsum, talc and natural and synthetic calcium carbonates such as chalk, ground marble and precipitated calcium carbonate. The amount of hydrophobic sizing agent added to the stock can be from 0.01 to 5% by weight suitably from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, based on the dry weight of cellulosic fibres and optional fillers, where the dosage is mainly dependent on the quality of the pulp or paper to be sized, the sizing agent used and the level of sizing desired.
In a preferred embodiment, the dispersions are used in stock sizing of cellulosic pulp where the stock has a high cationic demand and/or contains substantial amounts of lipophilic substances, e.g. stocks prepared from certain grades of wood-containing and recycled pulps, for example where recirculation of white water is extensive. Particularly preferred dispersions in such uses include dispersions of cellulose-reactive sizing agent and dispersions having a dispersant with an overall anionic charge. Usually the cationic demand
is at least 50, suitably at least 100 and preferably at least 150 μeq/litre stock filtrate. The cationic demand can be measured in conventional manner, for example by means of a - Mϋtek Particle Charge Detector using a stock filtrate obtained from a raw stock filtered through a 1.6 μm filter and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as a titrant. The amount of lipophilic extractives may be at least 10 ppm, usually at least 20 ppm, suitably at least 30 ppm and preferably at least 50 ppm, measured as ppm DCM by means of extraction using DCM (dichloromethane) in known manner. Further, the present dispersions are preferably used in papermaking processes where white water is extensively recirculated, i.e. with a high degree of white water closure, for example where from 0 to 30 tons o fresh water are used per ton of dry paper produced, usually less than 20, suitably less than 15, preferably less than 10 and notably less than 5 tons of fresh water per ton of paper. Recirculation of white water in the process preferably takes place by mixing the white water with cellulosic fibres, preferably in the form of a stock or suspension, before or after the addition of the sizing dispersion, e.g. to form the stock to be dewatered. Fresh water can be introduced in the process at any stage; for example, it can be mixed with cellulosic fibres in order to form the stock, and it can be mixed with a stock containing cellulosic fibres to dilute it so as to form the stock to be dewatered, before or after mixing the stock with white water and before or after the addition of the sizing dispersion.
Chemicals conventionally added to the stock in papermaking such as retention aids, aluminium compounds, dyes, wet-strength resins, optical brightening agents, etc., can of course be used in conjunction with the present sizing dispersions. Non-cellulose-reactive sizing agents are usually used with an aluminium compound for fixing the sizing agent to the cellulosic fibre. Examples of aluminium compounds include alum, aluminates and polyaluminium compounds, e.g. polyaluminium chlorides and sulphates. Examples of suitable retention aids include cationic polymers, anionic inorganic materials in combination with organic polymers, e.g. bentonite in combination with cationic polymers, silica-based sols in combination with cationic polymers or cationic and anionic polymers. Particularly good stock sizing can be obtained when using the dispersions of the invention in combination with retention aids comprising cationic pciymers. Suitable cationic polymers include cationic starch, guar gum, acrylate and acrylamide-based polymers, polyethyleneimine, dicyandiamide-formaldehyde, polyamines, polyamidoamines and poly(diallyldimethyl ammoniumchloride) and combinations thereof. Cationic starch and cationic acrylamide-based polymers are preferably used, either alone or in combination with each other or with other materials. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dispersions are used in combination with a retention system comprising at least one cationic polymer and anionic silica-based particles. The present dispersions can be added before, between, after or
simultaneously with the addition of the cationic polymer or polymers. It is also possible to premix the size dispersion with a retention aid, e.g. a cationic polymer like cationic starch or a- cationic acrylamide-based polymer, or an anionic silica-based material, prior to introducing the mixture thus obtained into the stock. Accordingly, the dispersion can be prepared just prior to introducing it into the stock by bringing into contact a size dispersion containing the cationic compound, preferably a cationic surfactant, with an anionic silica-based material, for example as defined above.
The invention is further illustrated in the following examples, which, however, are not intended to limit the same. Parts and % relate to parts by weight and % by weight, respectively, unless otherwise stated.
Example 1 A dispersion of hydrophobic alkyi ketene dimer (AKD) according to the invention was prepared by mixing di(hydrogenated tailow)dimethylammonium chloride, which is a cationic surfactant with an MW of 340, commercially available under the trade name Querton 442, Akzo Nobel, with molten AKD at 70°C, passing the mixture through a homogenizer in the presence of an aqueous solution of a condensated sodium naphthalene- suiphonate with an estimated MW of about 6,000, commercially availably under the trade name Orotan™ SN, Rohm & Haas Company, and then cooling the dispersion so obtained. The pH of the dispersion was adjusted to about 5 by addition of acid. The dispersion, denoted Dispersion No. 1 , had an AKD content of 30% and contained 6% of the anionic compound and 4% of the cationic compound, both based on the weight of AKD. The dispersions contained particles of the cellulose-reactive hydrophobe with an average particle size of about 1 μm which were anionically charged, as shown by a negative zeta potential determined by means of a ZetaMaster S Version PCS.
Example 2 Stability of the dispersion of Example 1 was tested as follows: The dispersion was diluted with water to give a dispersion containing 40 ppm of AKD. In some of the tests 10 ppm of stearic acid was added in order to evaluate the stability in the presence of a liphophilic, anionic trash substance. The dilute dispersion was placed in a jar equipped with a device for turbidity measurements, a loop, circulation means and heating and cooling means. A set volume of the dilute dispersion was circulated in the loop while automatically recording the turbidity and subjecting the dispersion to a heating and cooling cycle for a set time period of 45 minutes. The temperature of the dispersion was raised from 20°C to 62°C and then lowered again to 20°C. Turbidity is affected by particle size and the difference in
turbidity of the dispersion before and after a temperature cycle is a measure of the ability of the dispersed particles to withstand growth by agglomeration and thus a measure of the. stability of the dispersion. The difference in turbidity (ΔT) is calculated as follows: ΔT=(fιnal turbidity / initial turbidity) x 100. The higher the ΔT the better the stability. Two standard dispersions were also tested for comparison purposes; Ref. 1 is an anionic AKD dispersion containing a dispersant system consisting of sodium lignosulphonate and a high molecular weight (HMW) cationic starch where the anionic lignosulphonate is present in ionic excess; Ref. 2 is a cationic AKD dispersion also containing sodium lignosulphonate and HMW cationic starch but where the cationic starch is present in ionic excess. Table 1 gives the results obtained.
Table 1
Dispersion No. Stearic acid fppm] ΔI
1 - 72
1 10 55
Ref. 1 - 45
Ref. 1 10 32
Ref. 2 - 35
Ref. 2 10 6
As is shown in Table 1 the ΔT values of the dispersion of this invention were considerably higher than those of the standard dispersions which accordingly are indicative of better dilute stability.
Example 3 A water-free concentrate composition according to the invention was prepared by dry mixing 93 parts of AKD pellets with 3 parts of the cationic surfactant and 4 parts of the anionic compound used in Example 1. This dry mixture was later added to hot water and the aqueous mixture so obtained was heated to 80°C, pumped through a high shear pump and then cooled to room temperature. The resulting anionic dispersion, Dispersion No. 2, had an AKD content of 20% and an average particle size of about 1 μm. Sizing efficiency was evaluated by preparing paper sheets according to the standard method SCAN-C23X for laboratory scale, and using a papermaking stock containing 80% of 60:40 bleached birch/pine sulphate and 20% of chalk to which 0.3 g/l of Na2SO4'10H2O had been added. Stock consistency was 0.5% and pH 8.0. The dispersions were used in conjunction with a commercial retention and dewatering system, Compozil™,
comprising cationic starch and an anionic aluminium-modified silica sol which were added to the stock separately; the cationic starch was added in an amount of 12 kg/ton, based on- dry stock, and the silica sol was added in an amount of 0.8 kg/ton, calculated as Si02 and based on dry stock
Cobb values, measured according to TAPPI standard T 441 OS-63, obtained in the tests are set forth in Table 2. The dosage of AKD is based on dry stock.
Table 2
Dispersion No. AKD dosaαe ϊkα/tonl Cobb 60Tα/m-l
2 0.30 58
2 0.40 30
Ref. 1 0.30 84
Ref. 1 0.40 65
Ref. 2 0.30 66
Ref. 2 0.40 40
Table 2 demonstrates the improvement in paper sizing obtained with the dispersion according to the invention.
Example 4 Ease of manufacture of dispersions according to the invention was evaluated by preparing anionic AKD dispersions at different AKD contents. Dispersions of the invention were prepared by homogenising a mixture of 0.8% by weight of di(hydrogenated tallow)dimethylammonium chloride, 1.6% by weight of condensated sodium naphthalene- sulphonate, 77.6% by weight of water and 20% by weight of AKD for a set time using an Ultra Turrax mixer at 15.000 rpm and then cooling the dispersion so obtained for 2 hours. Similar dispersions were prepared in the same manner at different AKD contents in order to provide dispersions with AKD contents of 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight. The dispersions are denoted Inv. followed by the AKD content in % by weight.
Standard AKD dispersions were manufactured for comparison purposes in the same manner and under the same conditions by homogenising a mixture of 1.0% by weight of cationic starch, 0.25% by weight of sodium lignosulfonate, 89% by weight of water and 10% by weight of AKD. Similar dispersions were prepared at different AKD contents in order to provide standard dispersions with AKD contents of 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight. The dispersions are denoted Ref. 3 followed by the AKD content in % by weight.
Particle size and viscosity were assessed in conventional manner. Table 3 shows the results obtained.
Table 3
AKD Dispersion No. Particle size (urn) Viscositv (cps)
Inv. - 10% 2.98 10
Inv. - 20% 3.12 20
Inv. - 30% 3.50 20
Inv. - 40% 3.50 2K
Ref. 3 - 10% 4.31 15
Ref. 3 - 20% 4.52 20
Ref. 3 - 30% 5.20 25
Ref. 3 - 40% 5.57 40
Table 3 demonstrates that the dispersions according to the invention were easier to to manufacture; a lower viscosity was obtained at corresponding AKD contents and a smaller particle size was obtained using the same amount of energy to set surfaces free. Compared to the standard dispersion, less energy and lower shear forces are thus required according to this invention in order to manufacture dispersions with equal particle size. In addition, an increase in stirrer speed to 25.000 rpm considerably reduced the particle size of the dispersions according to the invention to be within the range of from 1 to 2 μm.
Claims (20)
1. Aqueous dispersion containing a dispersant and a disperse phase containing a hydrophobic material, characterised in that the dispersant comprises
(a) an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and
(b) a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000.
2. Dispersion according to claim ^ characterised in that the anionic compound and the cationic compound have a molecular weight less than 20,000.
3. Dispersion according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the anionic compound is an organic compound.
4. Dispersion according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the dispersant is anionic and comprises a cationic surfactant and an anionic polyelectrolyte.
5. Dispersion according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the dispersant is anionic and comprises a cationic polyelectrolyte and an anionic polyelectrolyte.
6 Dispersion according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the dispersant is cationic and comprises an anionic surfactant and a cationic polyelectrolyte.
7. Dispersion according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the dispersant is cationic and comprises an anionic polyelectrolyte and a cationic polyelectrolyte.
8. Dispersion according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it has a content of hydrophobic material of at least 20% by weight.
9. Dispersion according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hydrophobic material is a cellulose-reactive sizing agent.
10. Dispersion according to claim 9, characterised in that the sizing agent is a ketene dimer or an acid anhydride.
11. Dispersion according to claim 9, characterised in that the hydrophobic material is a non-cellulose-reactive sizing agent.
12. Dispersion according to claim 8, 9, 10 or 11, characterised in that the hydrophobic material has a melting point below 75┬░C.
13. Method for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion by homogenizing a hydrophobic material in the presence of an aqueous phase and a dispersant comprising an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000.
14. Method according to claim 13, characterised in that the anionic compound and the cationic compound have a molecular weight less than 20,000.
15. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the anionic compound is an organic compound.
16. Use of an aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as a stock size or surface size in the production of paper.
17. Substantially water-free sizing composition containing a hydrophobic material, an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000.
18. Composition according to claim 17, characterised in that the anionic compound is an organic compound.
19. Composition according to claim 17 or 18, characterised in that the hydrophobic material is a ketene dimer or an acid anhydride.
20. Use of the composition according to claim 17, 18 or 19 for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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EP97850017 | 1997-02-05 | ||
EP97850016 | 1997-02-05 | ||
EP97850016 | 1997-02-05 | ||
EP97850017 | 1997-02-05 | ||
SE9704932A SE9704932D0 (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1997-12-30 | Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material |
SE9704932 | 1997-12-30 | ||
PCT/SE1998/000193 WO1998033980A1 (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1998-02-03 | Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material |
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JP (1) | JP3400803B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100339883B1 (en) |
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AT (1) | ATE225435T1 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2280094C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69808435T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0961855T3 (en) |
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PT (1) | PT961855E (en) |
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AU6333599A (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 2000-05-08 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Aqueous sizing agent dispersions adjusted to be anionic or cationic and designedfor paper sizing |
US6245197B1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-06-12 | Fort James Corporation | Tissue paper products prepared with an ion-paired softener |
PT1272708E (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2006-12-29 | Hercules Inc | Paper sizing composition |
US6918995B2 (en) | 2000-08-07 | 2005-07-19 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for the production of paper |
EP1670989B1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2010-11-24 | Kao Corporation | Powder composition for paper manufacturing |
JP4406882B2 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2010-02-03 | ハリマ化成株式会社 | Filler-attached paper and method for producing the same |
CN101346513B (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2012-05-23 | 阿克佐诺贝尔股份有限公司 | Sizing of paper |
US7754287B2 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2010-07-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for forming filled bearings from fluoropolymer dispersions stabilized with anionic polyelectrolyte dispersing agents |
US20110009299A1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Van Zanten Ryan | Emulsion stabilizing agents for drilling and completion fluids |
RU2473725C1 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-01-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Оптимальные химические технологии+консалтинг" | Method of production of cardboard with white cover layer |
FI124556B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2014-10-15 | Stora Enso Oyj | Hydrophobic-bonded fiber web and process for manufacturing a bonded web layer |
EP3008241B1 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2021-03-10 | Ecolab USA Inc. | Water-free surface sizing composition and method for treating a paper substrate with same |
FI125311B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-08-31 | Kemira Oyj | Process for enzyme recovery in biofuel production |
EP3237456B1 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2018-12-12 | Rohm and Haas Company | Suspensions comprising polyelectrolytes of opposite polarity |
CN108342003A (en) * | 2018-02-10 | 2018-07-31 | 浙江鸿盛原汽车用品有限公司 | A kind of tasteless reclaimed rubber and its automatic foot-mat of preparation |
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CA1069742A (en) * | 1978-01-03 | 1980-01-15 | Edwin H. Flaherty | Pulp sheet formation |
US4263182A (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1981-04-21 | Hercules Incorporated | Stable dispersions of fortified rosin |
SE455102B (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1988-06-20 | Nobel Ind Paper Chemicals Ab | Aqueous DISPERSIONS OF COLOPHONIUM MATERIAL AND A SYNTHETIC HYDROPHOBING AGENT, PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING THEREOF AND USING THESE AS HYDROPHOBING AGENT |
GB8526158D0 (en) * | 1985-10-23 | 1985-11-27 | Albright & Wilson | Paper sizing compositions |
SE465833B (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1991-11-04 | Eka Nobel Ab | Aqueous DISPERSION CONTAINING A MIXTURE OF HYDROPHOBOBING COLOPHONIUM MATERIAL AND SYNTHETIC HYDROPHOBACY AGENT, PREPARING PREPARATION OF THE DISPERSION AND USING THE DISPERSION OF PREPARING PRODUCTS |
GB8920456D0 (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1989-10-25 | Albright & Wilson | Active sizing compositions |
GB2268941A (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1994-01-26 | Roe Lee Paper Chemicals Compan | Rosin sizes |
SE9404201D0 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1994-12-02 | Eka Nobel Ab | Sizing dispersions |
WO1996032447A1 (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1996-10-17 | Columbia River Carbonates | Bulking and opacifying fillers for paper and paper board |
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CN1246900A (en) | 2000-03-08 |
ATE225435T1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
BR9807049B1 (en) | 2009-01-13 |
BR9807049A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
KR20000070621A (en) | 2000-11-25 |
KR100339883B1 (en) | 2002-06-10 |
DE69808435D1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
EP0961855B1 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
NO993742D0 (en) | 1999-08-02 |
SK285268B6 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
WO1998033980A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
AU729702B2 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
JP2000509430A (en) | 2000-07-25 |
NZ336786A (en) | 2001-02-23 |
EP0961855A1 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
ID25962A (en) | 2000-11-16 |
SK102599A3 (en) | 2000-08-14 |
CA2280094C (en) | 2005-04-26 |
CN1117191C (en) | 2003-08-06 |
RU2168579C2 (en) | 2001-06-10 |
DE69808435T2 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
ES2183325T3 (en) | 2003-03-16 |
NO993742L (en) | 1999-09-29 |
PT961855E (en) | 2003-01-31 |
DK0961855T3 (en) | 2003-01-20 |
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